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Chapter 1 Rizal

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ADVENT OF A NATIONAL

HERO
Chapter I
JOSE P. RIZAL
is a unique example of a many-
splendored genius who became
the greatest hero of a nation.
Endowed by God with versatile
gifts, he truly ranked with the world’s
geniuses.
He was a:
Physician (ophthalmic surgeon), poet,
dramatist, essayist, novelist, historian,
architect, painter, sculptor, educator, linguist,
musician, naturalist, ethnologist, surveyor,
engineer, farmer businessman, economist,
geographer, cartographer, bibliophile,
philologist, grammarian, folklorist, philosopher,
translator, inventor, magician, humorist, satirist,
polemicist, sportsman, traveler, and prophet.
Above and beyond all these, he
was a hero and political martyr who
consecrated his life for the
redemption of his oppressed
people.
No wonder, he is now acclaimed
as the national hero of the
Philippines.
THE BIRTH OF A HERO
Jose Rizal was born on the moonlight
night of Wednesday, June 19, 1861, in
the lakeshore town of Calamba,
Laguna Province, Philippines.
His mother almost died during the
delivery because of his big head.
As he recounted many years later in
his student memoirs:
“I was born in Calamba on 19 June,
1861, between eleven and midnight, a
few days before full moon. It was a
Wednesday and my coming out in this
vale of tears would have cost my
mother her life had she not vowed to
the virgin of Antipolo to take me to her
sanctuary by way of pilgrimage.”
THE BIRTH OF A HERO
 He was baptized in the Catholic church of his town on
June 22, aged three days old, by the parish priest,
Father Rufino Collantes, who was a Batangueño.
 Father Pedro Casanas – his godfather (ninong),
native of Calamba and close friend of the Rizal family.
 His name “Jose” was chosen by his mother who was
a devoted of the Christian saint San Jose (St.
Joseph).
RIZAL’S PARENTS
 Jose Rizal was the seventh of the eleven children of
Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso
Realonda.
FRANCISCO (1818 – 1898)
was born in Biñan, Laguna, on May 11,
1818. He studied Latin and Philosophy
at the College of San Jose in Manila.
In early manhood, following his parent’s
death, he moved to Calamba and
became a tenant-farmer of the
Dominican-owned hacienda.
FRANCISCO (1818 – 1898)
He was a hardy and independent-minded
man, who talked less and worked more,
and was strong in body and valiant in spirit.
He died in Manila on January 5, 1898, at
the age of 80. In his student memoirs, Rizal
affectionately call him “ a model of fathers”.
DOÑA TEODORA (1826 - 1911)
 the hero’s mother, was born in Manila on November
8, 1826 and was educated at the College of Santa
Rosa, a well-known college for girls in the city.
 Rizal lovingly said of her:
“My mother is a woman of more than ordinary culture;
she knows literature and speaks Spanish better than
I. She corrected my poems and gave me good advice
when I was studying rhetoric. She is a mathematician
and has read many books”.
DOÑA TEODORA (1826 - 1911)
 Doña Teodora - died in Manila on August 16, 1911, at
the age of 85. Shortly before her death, the Philippine
government offered her a life pension.
 She courteously rejected it saying,
“My family has never been patriotic for money. If the
government has plenty of funds and does not know what
to do with them, better reduce the taxes.”
 Such remarks truly befitted her as a worthy mother of
a national hero.
THE RIZAL CHILDREN
 God blessed the marriage of Francisco Mercado
Rizal and Teodora Alonso Realonda with eleven
children – two boys and nine girls.
THESE CHILDREN WERE AS FOLLOWS:
Saturnina (1850-1913)
Paciano (1851-1930)
Narcisa (1852-1939)
Olimpia (1855-2887)
Lucia (1857-1919)
Maria (1859-1945)
Jose (1861-1945)
Concepcion (1862-1865)
Josefa (1865-1945)
Trinidad (1868-1951)
Soledad (1870-1929)
THE RIZAL CHILDREN
Saturnina (1850-1913) -
oldest of the Rizal
children, nicknamed
Neneng; she married
Manuel T. Hidalgo of
Tanawan, Batangas.
THE RIZAL CHILDREN
 2. Paciano (1851-1930) – older brother
and confidant of Jose Rizal; after his
younger brother’s execution, he joined
the Philippine Revolution and became a
combat general; after the Revolution, he
retired to his farm in Los Baños, where
he lived as a gentleman farmer and died
on April 13, 1930, an old bachelor aged
79. He had two children by his mistress
(Severina Decena) – a boy and a girl.
THE RIZAL CHILDREN
 Narcisa (1852-1939) – her pet
name was Sisa and she married
Antonio Lopez (nephew of Father
Leoncio Lopez), a school teacher
of Morong.
THE RIZAL CHILDREN
 Olimpia (1855-1887) – Ypia was
her pet name; she married
Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph
operator from Manila.
THE RIZAL CHILDREN
 Lucia (1857-1919) – She married
Mariano Herbosa of Calamba,
who was a nephew of Father
Casanas. Herbosa died of
cholera in 1889 and was denied
Christian burial because he was
a brother-in-law of Dr. Rizal.
THE RIZAL CHILDREN
 Maria (1859-1945) – Biang was
her nickname; she married
Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan,
Laguna.
THE RIZAL CHILDREN
 Jose (1861-1896) – the greatest
Filipino hero and peerless genius; his
nickname was Pepe; during his exile
in Dapitan he lived with Josephine
Bracken, Irish girl from Hong Kong;
he had a son by her, but this baby-
boy died a few hours after birth; Rizal
named him “Francisco” after his
father and buried him in Dapitan.
THE RIZAL CHILDREN
Concepcion (1862-1865) – her pet
name was Concha; she died of
sickness at the age of 3; her death was
Rizal’s first sorrow in life.
THE RIZAL CHILDREN
 Josefa (1865-1945) – her pet
name was Panggo; she died also
an old maid at the age of 80.
THE RIZAL CHILDREN
 Trinidad (1868-1951) – Trining
was her pet name; she died also
an old maid in 1951 aged 83.
THE RIZAL CHILDREN
 Soledad (1870-1929) – youngest
of the Rizal children; her pet
name was Choleng; she married
Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba.
RIZAL’S RELATION WITH HIS ONLY BROTHER PACIANO

who was ten years his senior, was more


than that of younger to older brother.
Paciano was a second father to him.
Throughout his life, Rizal respected him
and greatly valued his sagacious advice.
He immortalized him in his first novel Noli
Me Tangere as the wise Pilosopo Tasio.
RIZAL’S ANCESTRY
As a typical Filipino, Rizal was a product of the mixture of
races.
In his veins flowed the blood of both East and West –
 Negrito
 Indonesian
 Malay
 Chinese
 Japanese
 And Spanish.
RIZAL’S GREAT – GREAT GRAND PARENTS

Domingo Laméo – Rizal’s great-great grand-


father on his father’s side, a Chinese immigrant
from the Fukien City of Changchow.
Ines de la Rosa – Chinese Christian girl of
Manila the surname Mercado which was
appropriate for him because he was a merchant.
Rizal’s great-great grand-mother on his father’s
side.
DOMINGO MERCADO AND INES DE LA ROSA HAD A SON

 Francisco Mercado – who resided in Biñan,


married a Chinese-Filipino mestiza, Cirila
Bernacha, and was elected gobernadorcillo
(municipal mayor) of the town.
 One of their sons, Juan Mercado (Rizal’s
grandfather) – married Cirila Alejandro, a
Chinese-filipino mestiza. Like his father, he was
elected gobernadorcillo of Biñan.
CAPITAN JUAN AND CAPITANA
CIRILA HAD THIRTEEN CHILDREN
 the youngest being Francisco Mercado, Rizal’s
Father.
At the age of eight, Francisco Mercado lost his father
and grew up to manhood under the care of his mother.
He studied Latin and Philosophy in the College of San
Jose in Manila. While studying in Manila, he met and
fell in love with Teodora Alonso Realonda, a student in
the College of Santa Rosa.
DOÑA TEODORA’S FAMILY
It is said that her family descended from
Lakan-Dula, the last native king of Tondo.
Her great-grandfather (Rizal’s maternal
great-great-grandfather) was Eugenio
Ursua (of Japanese ancestry), - who
married a Filipina named Benigna
(surname unknown).
Their daughter, Regina, married Manuel
de Quintos, a Filipino-Chinese lawyer
from Pangasinan.
One of the daughters of Attorney Quintos
and Regina was Brigida, who married
Lorenzo Alberto Alonso, a prominent
Spanish-Filipino mestizo of Biñan.
Their children were Narcisa, Teodora
(Rizal’s mother), Gregorio, Manuel, and
Jose.
THE SURNAME RIZAL
The real surname of the Rizal family was
Mercado, which was adopted in 1731 by Domingo
Lamco (the paternal great-greatgrandfather of
Rizal), who was full-blooded Chinese.
Rizal’s family acquired a second surname – Rizal
– which was given by a Spanish alcalde mayor
(provincial governor) of Laguna, who was a family
friend.
Thus, said Dr. Rizal, in his letter to Blumentritt:
“I am the only Rizal because at home my
parents, my sisters, my brother, and my
relatives have always preferred our old surname
Mercado. Our family name was in fact Mercado,
but there were many Mercados in the
Philippines who are not related to us. It is said
that alcalde mayor, who was a friend of our
family added Rizal to our name. My family did
not pay much attention to this, but now I have to
use it. In this way, it seems that I am an
illegitimate son.”
THE RIZAL’S HOME
 The house of the Rizal Family, where the
hero was born, was one of the distinguished
stone houses in Calamba during Spanish
times.
A GOOD AND MIDDLE – CLASS FAMILY

The Rizal family belonged to the principalia, a


town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines. It was
one of the distinguished families in Calamba.
 As evidence of their affluence, Rizal’s parents
were able to build a large stone house which
was situated near the town church and to buy
another one.
HOME LIFE OF THE RIZALS
The Rizal family had a simple, contented, and happy
life. In consonance with Filipino custom, family ties
among the Rizals were intimately close.
Don Francisco and Doña Teodora loved their children,
but they never spoiled them. Whenever the children,
including Jose Rizal, got into mischief, they were given
a sound spanking . Evidently, they believed in the
maxim: “Spare the rod and spoil the child.”
Life was not, however, all prayers
and church services for the Rizal
children. They were given ample
time and freedom to play by their
strict and religious parents. They
played merrily in the azotea or in
the garden by themselves. The
older ones were allowed to play
with the children of other families.

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