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    Introduction To Cognitive Psychology

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    Sana Nisar
    Cognitive psychology is the study of how people perceive, learn, remember, and think about information. It emerged in response to behaviorism in the 1950s as cognitivism rejected avoiding studying mental processes. Key influences included rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, functionalism, pragmatism, associationism, behaviorism, and Gestalt psychology. Cognitive psychology became predominant in the 1960s and focuses on how people acquire and use knowledge.

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    Introduction To Cognitive Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Sana Nisar
    60 views9 pages
    Cognitive psychology is the study of how people perceive, learn, remember, and think about information. It emerged in response to behaviorism in the 1950s as cognitivism rejected avoiding studying mental processes. Key influences included rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, functionalism, pragmatism, associationism, behaviorism, and Gestalt psychology. Cognitive psychology became predominant in the 1960s and focuses on how people acquire and use knowledge.

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    Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

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    Cognitive psychology is the study of how people perceive, learn, remember, and think about information. It emerged in response to behaviorism in the 1950s as cognitivism rejected avoiding studying mental processes. Key influences included rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, functionalism, pragmatism, associationism, behaviorism, and Gestalt psychology. Cognitive psychology became predominant in the 1960s and focuses on how people acquire and use knowledge.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    60 views9 pages

    Introduction To Cognitive Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Sana Nisar
    Cognitive psychology is the study of how people perceive, learn, remember, and think about information. It emerged in response to behaviorism in the 1950s as cognitivism rejected avoiding studying mental processes. Key influences included rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, functionalism, pragmatism, associationism, behaviorism, and Gestalt psychology. Cognitive psychology became predominant in the 1960s and focuses on how people acquire and use knowledge.

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    Introduction to

    Cognitive Psychology
    Dr. S.B Malik
    Learning Objectives
    • Concept of cognitive psychology
    • Antecedents of cognitive psychology
    • Emergence of cognitive psychology
    Definition
    • Cognitive psychology is the study of how people perceive, learn,
    remember, and think about information.

    • A cognitive psychologist might study


    • How people perceive various shapes?
    • Why they remember some facts but forget others? or
    • How they learn language?
    Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology
    • Two Greek philosophers, Plato and his student Aristotle have profoundly affected
    modern thinking in psychology and many other fields.
    • A rationalist believes that the route to knowledge is through thinking and logical
    analysis. That is, a rationalist does not need any experiments to develop new
    knowledge. (Plato)
    • An empiricist believes that we acquire knowledge via empirical evidence— that is,
    we obtain evidence through experience and observation. In order to explore how the
    human mind works, empiricists would design experiments and conduct studies in
    which they could observe the behavior and processes of interest to them. (Aristotle)
    Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology
    • Structuralism seeks to understand the structure (configuration of
    elements) of the mind and its perceptions by analyzing those perceptions
    into their constituent components (affection, attention, memory, sensation,
    etc.).
    • Functionalism seeks to understand what people do and why they do it.
    Functionalists held that the key to understanding the human mind and
    behavior was to study the processes of how and why the mind works as it
    does, rather than to study the structural contents and elements of the mind.
    Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology
    • Pragmatists believe that knowledge is validated by its usefulness.
    Pragmatists believe in the importance of the psychology of learning and
    memory.
    • Associationism examines how elements of the mind, like events or ideas,
    can become associated with one another in the mind to result in a form of
    learning (contiguity, similarity, contrast). Herman Ebinghas – First
    experimenter.
    Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology
    • Behaviorism focuses only on the relation between observable behavior
    and environmental events or stimuli. The idea was to make physical
    whatever others might have called “mental”. Classical Conditioning,
    Operant Conditioning, Observational Learning.
    • Gestalt Psychology states that we best understand psychological
    phenomena when we view them as organized, structured wholes.
    According to this view, we cannot fully understand behavior when we
    only break phenomena down into smaller parts.
    Emergence of Cognitive Psychology
    • In the early 1950s, a movement called the “cognitive revolution” took
    place in response to behaviorism. Cognitivism is the belief that much of
    human behavior can be understood in terms of how people think. It rejects
    the notion that psychologists should avoid studying mental processes
    because they are unobservable.
    • By 1956 a new phrase had entered our vocabulary. Artificial intelligence
    (AI) is the attempt by humans to construct systems that show intelligence
    and, particularly, the intelligent processing of information
    Emergence of Cognitive Psychology
    • Cognitive psychology became predominant in the 1960s. Its resurgence is
    perhaps best marked by the publication of Ulric Neisser’s book,
    ‘’Cognitive Psychology’’, in 1967.
    • Neisser defined cognitive psychology as the study of how people learn,
    structure, store, and use knowledge.
    • Since 1970, more than sixty universities in North America and Europe
    have established cognitive psychology programs.

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