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Solar PV System: Nurmuntaha Agung Nugraha

This document provides information about the components and sizing of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system. It defines a solar PV system as using PV modules to convert sunlight into electricity that can be stored, used directly, or fed into a power grid. The major components are PV modules, solar charge controller, inverter, battery bank, and loads. It provides steps for sizing the PV modules, inverter, battery bank, and solar charge controller based on power consumption demands and other factors.

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Ardandy Prasetyo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
136 views

Solar PV System: Nurmuntaha Agung Nugraha

This document provides information about the components and sizing of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system. It defines a solar PV system as using PV modules to convert sunlight into electricity that can be stored, used directly, or fed into a power grid. The major components are PV modules, solar charge controller, inverter, battery bank, and loads. It provides steps for sizing the PV modules, inverter, battery bank, and solar charge controller based on power consumption demands and other factors.

Uploaded by

Ardandy Prasetyo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solar PV System

Nurmuntaha Agung Nugraha


Definition
Solar photovoltaic system or Solar power system is one of renewable
energy system which uses PV modules to convert sunlight into
electricity. The electricity generated can be either stored or used
directly, fed back into grid line or combined with one or more other
electricity generators or more renewable energy source. Solar PV
system is very reliable and clean source of electricity that can suit a
wide range of applications such as residence, industry, agriculture,
livestock, etc.
Major system components
Solar PV system includes different components that should be
selected according to your system type, site location and
applications. The major components for solar PV system are
solar charge controller, inverter, battery bank, auxiliary energy
sources and loads (appliances).
• PV module – converts sunlight into DC electricity.
• Solar charge controller – regulates the voltage and current
coming from the PV panels going to battery and prevents
battery overcharging and prolongs the battery life.
• Inverter – converts DC output of PV panels or wind turbine into a
clean AC current for AC appliances or fed back into grid line.
• Battery – stores energy for supplying to electrical appliances when
there is a demand.
• Load – is electrical appliances that connected to solar PV system
such as lights, radio, TV, computer, refrigerator, etc.
• Auxiliary energy sources - is diesel generator or other renewable
energy sources.
System Configuration
Solar PV System Sizing
1. Determine power consumption demands
The first step in designing a solar PV system is to find out the total power and
energy consumption of all loads that need to be supplied by the solar PV system as
follows:
1.1 Calculate total Watt-hours per day for each appliance used.
Add the Watt-hours needed for all appliances together to get the total Watt-
hours per day which must be delivered to the appliances.

1.2 Calculate total Watt-hours per day needed from the PV modules.
Multiply the total appliances Watt-hours per day times 1.3 (the energy lost in
the system) to get the total Watt-hours per day which must be provided by the
panels
2. Size the PV modules
Different size of PV modules will produce different amount of
power. To find out the sizing of PV module, the total peak watt
produced needs. The peak watt (Wp) produced depends on size of
the PV module and climate of site location. We have to consider
“panel generation factor” which is different in each site location. For
Thailand, the panel generation factor is 3.43. To determine the
sizing of PV modules, calculate as follows:
2.1 Calculate the total Watt-peak rating needed for PV modules
Divide the total Watt-hours per day needed from the PV
modules (from item 1.2) by 3.43 to get he total Watt-peak rating
needed for the PV panels needed to operate the appliances.
2.2 Calculate the number of PV panels for the system
Divide the answer obtained in item 2.1 by the rated output Watt-
peak of the PV modules available to you. Increase any fractional part of
result to the next highest full number and that will be the number of PV
modules required.

Result of the calculation is the minimum number of PV panels. If more


PV modules are installed, the system will perform better and battery
life will be improved. If fewer PV modules are used, the system may not
work at all during cloudy periods and battery life will be shortened.
3. Inverter sizing
An inverter is used in the system where AC power output is needed. The
input rating of the inverter should never be lower than the total watt of
appliances. The inverter must have the same nominal voltage as your battery.
For stand-alone systems, the inverter must be large enough to handle the
total amount of Watts you will be using at one time. The inverter size should
be 25-30% bigger than total Watts of appliances. In case of appliance type is
motor or compressor then inverter size should be minimum 3 times the
capacity of those appliances and must be added to the inverter capacity to
handle surge current during starting.
For grid tie systems or grid connected systems, the input rating of the
inverter should be same as PV array rating to allow for safe and efficient
operation.
4. Battery sizing
The battery type recommended for using in solar PV system is deep cycle battery.
Deep cycle battery is specifically designed for to be discharged to low energy level
and rapid recharged or cycle charged and discharged day after day for years. The
battery should be large enough to store sufficient energy to operate the appliances
at night and cloudy days. To find out the size of battery, calculate as follows:
4.1 Calculate total Watt-hours per day used by appliances.
4.2 Divide the total Watt-hours per day used by 0.85 for battery loss.
4.3 Divide the answer obtained in item 4.2 by 0.6 for depth of discharge.
4.4 Divide the answer obtained in item 4.3 by the nominal battery voltage.
4.5 Multiply the answer obtained in item 4.4 with days of autonomy (the
number of days that you
need the system to operate when there is no power produced by PV panels)
to get the required
Ampere-hour capacity of deep-cycle battery.
5. Solar charge controller sizing
The solar charge controller is typically rated against Amperage and
Voltage capacities. Select the solar charge controller to match the voltage
of PV array and batteries and then identify which type of solar charge
controller is right for your application. Make sure that solar charge
controller has enough capacity to handle the current from PV array.
For the series charge controller type, the sizing of controller depends on
the total PV input current which is delivered to the controller and also
depends on PV panel configuration (series or parallel configuration).
According to standard practice, the sizing of solar charge controller is to
take the short circuit current (Isc) of the PV array, and multiply it by 1.3
Solar charge controller rating = Total short circuit current of PV array x
1.3
PV Solar Farm

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