Introduction to Computer

Laila Nadeem
 Marking Scheme
• EVALUATION  MARKS
Quizzes 4
Assignments 4
40 Marks
Presentation
Class Performance
Midterm 20 Marks
Final Term 40 Marks
Total 100 Marks
 Computer
• A computer is an electronic device that
processes data, converting it into information
that is useful to people.
• Computers can be categorized in several ways.
For example, some computers are designed
for use by one person, some are meant to be
used by groups of people, and some are not
used by people at all.
 Basic Computer Operations

 Input: Entering data into the computer

 Processing: Performing operations on the data
 Output: Presenting the results
 Storage: Saving data, programs, or output for
future use.
 Communications: Sending or receiving data
 Data vs. Information
 Data
 Raw, unorganized facts
 Can be in the form of text, graphics, audio, or video

 Information
 Data that has been processed into a meaningful form

 Information processing
 Converting data into information
 Computers for Individual Users
• Many kinds of computers can be shared by
multiple users but can be used by only one
personal a time.
• The terms personal computer (PC) and
microcomputer can be used when referring to
any computer meant for use by a single
person.
 Primary Types Of Computers
• The six primary types of computers in this
category are
Desktop computers
Workstations
Notebook computers
Tablet computers
Handheld computers
Smart phones
 Personal Computers
 Desktop PCs: Fit on or next to a desk
 Can use tower case, desktop case, or all-
in-one
 Can be PC-compatible or Macintosh
 Not designed to be portable
 Notebook (laptop) computers
 Typically use clamshell design
 Handheld computers
 Size of a paperback book or pocket
calculator
 Some include phone capabilities
 Ultra Mobile Personal Computer (UMPC):
Fully- functioning handheld
 Personal Computers
• Workstation
– A workstation is a specialized; single-user computer that typically
has more power and features than a standard desktop PC.
• Tablet PC
– A tablet PC is another type of portable PC, but it can accept
handwritten input when the user touches the screen with a
special pen.
• Smart phones
– Smart phones are digital cellular phones that have features found
in personal computers, such as Web browsers, e-mail capability,
and more.
 Types of Computer
• Network Server
A network server is a powerful personal computer that is
used as the central computer in an organization's network.
• Mainframe Computer:
– Mainframes are powerful special-purpose computers that can support the needs of
hundreds or thousands of users.
– Powerful computer used by several large organizations to manage large amounts of
centralized data
 Standard choice for large organizations, hospitals, universities, large businesses, banks,
government offices
 Located in climate-controlled data centers and connected to the rest of the company
computers via a network
 Usually operate 24 hours a day
 Types of Computer
• Mini Computer:
– Minicomputers support dozens or hundreds of users at one time.
– Computer that is smaller, less expensive, and less powerful than
a mainframe or supercomputer, but more expensive and more powerful than a personal
computer.
– Minicomputers are used for scientific and engineering computations, business-transaction
processing, file handling, and database management, and are often now referred to as
small or midsize servers.
• Super Computer:
• Supercomputers are the largest and most powerful computers made.
• Fastest, most expensive, most powerful type of computer
 Generally run one program at a time, as fast as possible
 Commonly built by connecting hundreds of smaller computers, supercomputing cluster
 Used for space exploration, missile guidance, satellites, weather forecast, oil exploration,
scientific research, complex Web sites, decision support systems, 3D applications, etc.
 Computers in our life

Educationa Banking
l field Business Hospitals sectors Offices Home Marketing
Uses of the computer in the Education field
Uses of the computer in the Education field

 Computer reinvented the education system. Schools, colleges

and almost all kinds of educational institutions are using a
computer in the classrooms.
 There are so many college and universities are now providing
online degree programs for college students.
 Schools and colleges around the world are using computer and
internet technologies to teach students digitally and creatively
with data visualization.
 Uses of the computer in a classroom explores creativity and
imagination in students’ minds.  Drawing tools, spreadsheets,
Audio, Video lectures, and PowerPoint presentations, etc. are
very beneficial for students to learn more deeply and accurately.
 That created the new education business model called small
classes, smart classrooms, and digital classrooms.
Use of computer in the business
Use of computer in the business
Computer with the internet connection we can start the business, run
the business and manage the business and we can grow the business
by the use of a computer.  Google, Facebook, LinkedIn, Amazon and
Alibaba all are websites created by the use of computers and the
internet.
Businesses and companies use a computer to do marketing and
business planning, they use a computer to record customer data, they
use a computer to manage goods and services.
Computer with an internet connection is really important for
businesses. Now they can do Internet marketing, they can sell products
and services online. They can manage; hire employees around the
world through the use of computers and the internet.
Use of computer in the business
 The use of computers in the business helping companies to grow their
customer base faster. Computer use business is also challenging for companies
and small business owners. Because customers have so many options to
choose the best product or services through the use of the internet.
 Any individual today can start their business from home. Freelancing is a big
example. Freelancers are working remotely from home with the use of
computers and the internet.
 To start earning money by the use of a computer is not so much tough. You
just need to learn or to become a master in a few applications or programming
languages.
 If someone knows about internet research, data entry, MS Word, etc. they can
start data typing and editing work from home. Such as resume writing
services, eBook writing services.
Uses of the computer in hospitals
Uses of the computer in hospitals
Uses of the computer in the hospital provide many benefits
for doctors and patients. Hospitals can create a database of a
patient with their treatment records, medical records.
Doctors are using a computer to diagnose the diseases of
patients faster.
They are taking the help of various medical applications of
computer and hardware devices.
The use of computer and its application in hospitals are such
as to do the research on diseases, blood test, and urine test,
brain testing, and body scanning, etc.
Uses of the computer in the banking sector
 Uses of the computer in the banking sector
Banks are using computers daily to faster and accurate customer
demands.
Banks are using a computer to deposit customer money in their
account. In this case, the cashier enters the account number of
customers in their banking application, they first confirm the
account number and customer details and then enter the deposited
amount in their banking application by the use of the keyboard.
This process is faster and accurate. Banks are also providing ATMs to
withdraw and cash deposit ATMs for their customers. Whenever we
deposit, withdraw money we get messages on our mobile number.
We can see and print our transaction records without visiting banks.
The whole process of banking is done by a computer.
Uses of the computer in the banking sector

The innovative uses of computer in banking are that

customer can operate their bank account by doing
internet banking. Banks are providing the customer for
accessing, transferring money, monthly bills or shopping
bills by the use of computers and mobile.
Also by the use computer customer can get knowledge
about various bank loan schemes such as a business
loan, home loan and car loan. The customer can also
check on the bank websites about loan eligibility and if
they are eligible they can apply for the bank loan.
Uses of the computer in offices
 Uses of the computer in offices

The works or official works take more time to complete in

the past.
There was lots of staff required in the past to manage
citizen’s works. But today citizens, consumers are getting a
solution with high speed and accuracy. Because of the use of
computers in official works.
There are so many applications that speed the process and
quality of official works. Such as Microsoft Office package,
email, video conferencing tools are few applications that
speed the work of government offices with accuracy.
Uses of the computer in the home
 Uses of the computer in the home

 The computer uses at home depends on the user. There are so many people
using the computer at home. Some people are using a computer to take online
classes. Some people using the computer to do online business.
 Some people are using the computer to listen to songs and to watch movies etc.
 We communicate with people around the world through the use of the
computer.
 We use a computer at home for learning new skills and hobbies.
 We use a computer to calculate and manage monthly expenses by using MS
excel. You can create gift cards, birthday messages by using Microsoft word. we
edit, restore and manipulate family photographs by the use of Adobe
Photoshop.
 We use the computer with the internet to do online shopping and you can start
an online business too.
Uses of the computer in marketing
Uses of the computer in marketing
The use of a computer with the internet is creating new ways to do the
product and services marketing online.
Digital marketing services, products, websites, and businesses are growing.
Businesses can use a computer to type marketing content, to publish
content marketing articles on websites and social media.
They can sell and market their products on portals or such as Amazon.
Businesses can use PPC to get a quick ROI for their marketing budget.
Companies can chat, email, outsource, apply and can do various works that
included in Internet Marketing such as website designing, Search engine
optimization, PPC, Content Marketing, Social Media Marketing, etc. all by
the use of a computer to market their product and services in best possible
ways.