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  • Mechatronics: by Ajay Kumar Verma

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    1. Mechatronics is the integrated design of mechanical and electronic engineering, combining control and electronic engineering with mechanical engineering. 2. It involves the concurrent design of various components including actuators, sensors, control systems, and interfaces to create precise, intelligent machines and systems. 3. The mechatronics approach aims to improve flexibility, quality, and functionality through the synergistic integration of these disciplines compared to a traditional sequential design process.

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    Introduction to mechatronics

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    Mechatronics Introduction

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    1. Mechatronics is the integrated design of mechanical and electronic engineering, combining control and electronic engineering with mechanical engineering. 2. It involves the concurrent design of various components including actuators, sensors, control systems, and interfaces to create precise, intelligent machines and systems. 3. The mechatronics approach aims to improve flexibility, quality, and functionality through the synergistic integration of these disciplines compared to a traditional sequential design process.

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    42 views17 pages

    Mechatronics: by Ajay Kumar Verma

    Uploaded by

    Ajay Verma
    1. Mechatronics is the integrated design of mechanical and electronic engineering, combining control and electronic engineering with mechanical engineering. 2. It involves the concurrent design of various components including actuators, sensors, control systems, and interfaces to create precise, intelligent machines and systems. 3. The mechatronics approach aims to improve flexibility, quality, and functionality through the synergistic integration of these disciplines compared to a traditional sequential design process.

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    of 17

    Mechatronics

    By
    Ajay Kumar Verma
    Syllabus
    Mechatronics-An Introduction
    • The term mechatronics was ‘invented’ by a Japanese engineer in 1969,
    • Combination of ‘mecha’ from mechanisms and ‘tronics’ from electronics.
    • The word now has a wider meaning, being used to describe a philosophy in
    engineering technology
    • There is a co-ordinated, and concurrently developed, integration of mechanical
    engineering with electronics and intelligent computer control in the design and
    manufacture of products and processes.
    • Many products which used to have mechanical functions have had many replaced
    with ones involving microprocessors.
    • This has resulted in much greater flexibility, easier redesign and reprogramming,
    and the ability to carry out automated data collection and reporting.
    Mechatronics-An Introduction
    • Mechatronics is more than just a control system;
    • it is a complete integration of all of them in which there is a concurrent approach to the
    design.
    • In the design of cars, robots, machine tools, washing machines, cameras and very many other
    machines, such an integrated and interdisciplinary approach to engineering design is
    increasingly being adopted.
    • The integration across the traditional boundaries of mechanical engineering, electrical
    engineering, electronics and control engineering has to occur at the earliest stages of the
    design process if cheaper, more reliable, more flexible systems are to be developed.
    • Mechatronics has to involve a concurrent approach to these disciplines rather than a
    sequential approach of developing, say, a mechanical system, then designing the electrical
    part and the microprocessor part.
    • Thus mechatronics is a design philosophy, an integrating approach to engineering
    Mechatronics-An Introduction
    • It is an integration of Mechanical and Electronic engineering.
    • It is synergistic integration of mechanical engineering, electronics and
    intelligent computer control in design and manufacture of products and
    processes
    • It specifically refers to multidisciplinary approach to product and Manufacturing
    system design.
    Common Examples of Mechatronic
    Devices
    Domestic
    • Microwave, Bread makers, Washing Machines, dishwashers, CD Players, Automatic
    Camera, etc.
    Industrial
    • CNC Machine tools, Active Magnetic Bearings, Active Noise suspension systems,
    mobile robots
    Automotive
    • Antilock brake system, fuel/ignition/emmisition controls, climate control, etc.

    Adding a microprocessor to a device can increase its functionality, but also


    introduces a new failure mode.
    Evolution levels of mechatronics
    1. Primary level mechatronics: This level incorporates l/O devices such as sensors, and actuators
    that integrates electrical signals with mechanical action at the basic control level.
    Examples: Electrically controlled fluid valves and relays.
    2. Secondary level mechatronics: This level integrates microelectronics into electrically
    controlled devices.
    Example : Cassette player.
    3. Third level mechatronics : This level incorporates advanced feed back functions into control
    strategy thereby enhancing the quality in terms of sophistication - called ‘’ Smart system . - The
    control strategy includes microelectronics, microprocessor and other 'Application Specific
    Integrated Circuits' (ASIC).
    Examples: Control of electrical motor used to activate industrial robots, hard disk, CD drives, automatic
    washing machines.
    4. Fourth level mechatronics : This level incorporates intelligent control in mechatronic system. It
    introduces intelligence and Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) capability systems
    Advantages and Disadvantages of
    Mechatronics
    Advantages:
    1. The products produced are cost effective and of very good quality.
    2. The performance characteristics of mechatronics products are such which are otherwise very
    difficult to achieve without the synergistic combination.
    3. High degree of flexibility.
    4. A mechatronics product can be better than just sum of its parts.
    5. Greater extent of machine utilization.
    6. Due to the integration of sensors and control systems in a complex system, capital expenses are
    reduced
    7. Owing to the incorporation of intelligent, self correcting sensory and feedback systems, the
    mechatronic approach results in :
    - greater productivity ;
    - higher quantity and producing reliability.
    Advantages and Disadvantages of
    Mechatronics
    Disadvantages
    1. High initial cost of the system.
    2. Imperative to have knowledge of different engineering fields for
    design and implementation.
    3. Specific problems for various systems will have to be addressed
    separately and properly.
    4. It is expensive to incorporate mechatronics approach to an
    existing/old system.
    Components of a mechatronic system
    Components of a mechatronic system
    1. Actuators : Solenoids, voice coils ; D.C. motors ; Stepper motors ; Servomotor; hydraulics;
    pneumatics.
    2. Sensors : Switches ; Potentiometer; Photoelectric ; Digital encoder ; Strain gauge ;
    Thermocouple ; accelerometer etc.
    3. lnput signal conditioning and interfacing : Discrete circuits ; Amplifiers, Filters ; A/D, D/D.
    4. Digital control architectures : Logic circuits ; Microcontroller ; SBC ; PLC ; Sequencing and timing
    ; Logic and arithmetic ; Control algorithms ; Communication.
    5. Output signal conditioning and interfacing : D/A, D/D ; Amplifiers ; PWM ; Power transistors ;
    Power Op-amps.
    6. Graphical displays : LEDs ; Digital displays ; LCD ; CRT.
    • The actuators produce motion or cause some action ;
    • The sensors detect the state of the system parameters, inputs and outputs ;
    • Digital devices control the system;
    • Conditioning and interfacing circuits provide connection between the control circuits and the
    input/output devices ;
    • Graphical displays provide visual feedback to users.
    The design process
    • The design process for any system can be considered as involving a
    number of stages.
    1. The need
    2. Analysis of the problem
    3. Preparation of a specification
    4. Generation of possible solutions
    5. Selections of a suitable solution
    6. Production of a detailed design
    7. Production of working drawings
    Traditional and mechatronics designs
    • Engineering design is a complex process involving interactions between
    many skills and disciplines. With traditional design, the approach was
    for the mechanical engineer to design the mechanical elements, then
    the control engineer to come along and design the control system. This
    gives what might be termed a sequential approach to the design.
    • However, the basis of the mechatronics approach is considered to lie in
    the concurrent inclusion of the disciplines of mechanical engineering,
    electronics, computer technology and control engineering in the
    approach to design. The inherent concurrency of this approach depends
    very much on system modelling and then simulation of how the model
    reacts to inputs and hence how the actual system might react to inputs.
    An illustration of how a multidisciplinary
    approach can aid in the solution of a
    problem
    • Consider the design of bathroom scales

    • Consider the traditional design of the temperature control for a


    domestic central heating system has been the bimetallic thermostat
    in a closed-loop control system.
    Mechatronics System Design
    • In designing mechatronic systems, one of the steps involved is the
    creation of a model of the system so that predictions can be made
    regarding its behaviour when inputs occur. Such models involve
    drawing block diagrams to represent systems. A system can be
    thought of as a box or block which has an input and an output and
    where we are concerned not with what goes on inside the box but
    with only the relationship between the output and the input.
    Mechatronics System Design
    • The term modelling is used when we represent the behaviour of a
    real system by mathematical equations, such equations representing
    the relationship between the inputs and outputs from the system.

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