This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines, focusing on diesel engines. It describes the main components of diesel engines, including the cylinder block, cylinder head, crankcase, and moving parts like the piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and valves. It explains the thermodynamic principles behind two-stroke and four-stroke engines and their operating cycles. Additionally, it discusses the uses of diesel engines, supporting systems, and some safety precautions.
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This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines, focusing on diesel engines. It describes the main components of diesel engines, including the cylinder block, cylinder head, crankcase, and moving parts like the piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and valves. It explains the thermodynamic principles behind two-stroke and four-stroke engines and their operating cycles. Additionally, it discusses the uses of diesel engines, supporting systems, and some safety precautions.
This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines, focusing on diesel engines. It describes the main components of diesel engines, including the cylinder block, cylinder head, crankcase, and moving parts like the piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and valves. It explains the thermodynamic principles behind two-stroke and four-stroke engines and their operating cycles. Additionally, it discusses the uses of diesel engines, supporting systems, and some safety precautions.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines, focusing on diesel engines. It describes the main components of diesel engines, including the cylinder block, cylinder head, crankcase, and moving parts like the piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and valves. It explains the thermodynamic principles behind two-stroke and four-stroke engines and their operating cycles. Additionally, it discusses the uses of diesel engines, supporting systems, and some safety precautions.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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Internal Combustion Engines –
The Diesel Objectives • Uses for internal combustion engines • Thermodynamic principles involved • Components and purposes of each • Operation of systems • Two stroke engines • Four stroke engines The Diesel is a Hacker Engine Uses • Emergency Diesel Generators (EDG) • Propulsion • Certain amphibious landing ships • Mine warfare ships • Patrol craft • Tug boats • Small boats • Outboard motors Thermodynamic Principles • All internal combustion • Open cycle, heated engine • Gasoline (Otto) engine • Spark ignition • Compresses air-fuel mixture • Diesel engine • Compressed ignition • Compresses air only Structural Components • Cylinder Block • Part of engine frame that contains cylinders in which piston moves • Supports liners & head Structural Components • Cylinder Head/Assembly • Serves to admit, confine, and release fuel/air • Cover to cylinder block • Supports valve train • Crankcase • Engine frame section that houses the crankshaft • Oil sump • Reservoir for collecting and holding lube oil Moving Components
• Three Groups – according to motion
• Reciprocating only (pistons and valves) • Reciprocation & rotary (connecting rods) • Rotary only (crankshafts and camshafts) Moving Components • Piston • Acted on by combustion gases • Lightweight but strong/durable • Piston Rings • Transfer heat from piston to cylinder • Seal cylinder & distribute lube oil • Piston Pin • Pivot point connecting piston to connecting rod • Connecting Rod • Connects piston & crankshaft • reciprocating rotating motion Moving Components • Crankshaft • Combines work done by each piston • Drives camshafts, generator, pumps, etc. • Flywheel • Absorbs and releases kinetic energy of piston strokes -> smoothes rotation of crankshaft Moving Components • Valves • Intake: open to admit air to cylinder (with fuel in Otto cycle) • Exhaust: open to allow gases to be rejected • Camshaft & Cams • Used to time the addition of intake and exhaust valves • Operates valves via pushrods & rocker arms Operation
• Increased pressure of combustion gases acts
on piston -> converted to rotary motion • Can be 2 or 4 stroke engines • 2-stroke: 1 power stroke per 1 crankshaft rev • 4-stroke: 1 power stroke per 2 crankshaft rev Operation • Engine stroke • A stroke is a single traverse of the cylinder by the piston (from TDC to BDC) • 1 revolution of crankshaft = 2 strokes of piston Four-Stroke Diesel Engine • Intake stroke • Intake valve open, exhaust valve shut • Piston travels from TDC to BDC • Air drawn in • Compression stroke • Intake and exhaust valves shut • Piston travels from BDC to TDC • Temperature and pressure of air increase Four-Stroke Diesel Engine • Power stroke • Intake and exhaust valves shut • Fuel injected into cylinder and ignites • Piston forced from TDC to BDC • Exhaust stroke • Intake valve shut, exhaust valve open • Piston moves from BDC to TDC • Combustion gases expelled Four-Stroke Diesel Engine • Strokes • Intake • Compression
• Power • Exhaust Two-Stroke Diesel Engine • 1 power stroke every crankshaft revolution (vice every two w/ 4-stroke) • Uses pressurized air to simultaneously supply new air and expel combustion gases • Scavenging • Exhaust valve open, inlet port exposed • Pressurized air enters, expels combustion gases • Piston near BDC Two-Stroke Diesel Engine • Compression • Intake and exhaust valves shut • Piston travels from BDC to TDC • Temperature and pressure of air increase • Power stroke • Intake and exhaust valves shut • Fuel injected into cylinder and ignites • Piston forced from TDC to BDC Two-Stroke Diesel Engine
• Strokes • Compression
• Power • (Intake/Exhaust) Two vs. Four-Stroke Engines • Two-stroke advantages • Higher power to weight ratio • Less complicated valve train • Four-stroke advantages • More efficient burning process • As size increases, power-to-weight ratio improves Gasoline vs. Diesel Engine Supporting Systems • Air system • Supplies & removes air/gases • Air supplied at constant pressure by blower/compressor • Fuel System • Carburetor: mixes air & fuel in proper proportion (NOT on diesels) • Fuel injector: sprays fuel in (more efficient) Supporting Systems • Ignition system • Diesel has compression ignition • Gasoline has spark plugs • Cooling system • Uses fresh water and/or salt water to cool • Lubrication system • Provide lubrication and cooling • Drive Train – Direct or Indirect Safety Precautions • Noise • Fuel Flammability • Maintenance • Water Issues Questions?
