Animal Welfare For A better Environment

Animal welfare center– A shelter as well as a rescue house

for assisting not only just a pet but also homeless, lost, or
“ Do you allow your dogs to breed? If yes,
what do you do with the pups?” ANIMAL WELFARE
abandoned animals; especially domestic animals (dogs and
cattle) through its rescue, foster, medical and adoption activities CENTER
OBJECTIVES
• Design a home or a safe and caring environment for lost,
for strays and proper caring shelter home for pets.
abused and abandoned animal.
• Provide rescue, medical care and treatment to the effected
• GOAL - find loving homes and fulfill their basic needs until
street animals.
reclaimed by its owner, and provide a caring environment for • Architectural approach to improvement of city
pets as well.
environment.
- placed in a new home with adoption process, or euthanized •
CAUSES Find solutions and ways of sustaining the shelter.
in severe cases. •
• Irresponsible animal ownership, uncontrolled breeding Develop an idea of organic waste management and bio-gas
and the carrying capacity of the environment production.
BACKGROUND • Disease, hunger, aggression between animal
• Animals—considered divine. • abuse and inhumane methods of killing- KMC in action JUSTIFICATION
• Nepal’s uniqueness— Proper animals service providing shelter not to be found • Issue of Stray animals in KTM at peak point.
worshipping dogs,cows,ox in Nepal. • Lack of properly designed animal shelter.
• Animals as workers and • Provide a secure and welfare life to an animal .
comapnions
IMPACTS OF STRAY ANIMALS • Manage the haphazard growth in population of animals.
• Traffic congestion and accidents • Prevention of haphazard accidents.
• WHO estimates--200 people in Nepal die of Rabies
--35,000 are treated for dog bites The Animal Welfare Center is a project for Sneha’s Care
L PRESENT SCENARIO OF ANIMALS IN NEPAL degrade city environment- noise pollution, feces, garbage Foundation- one of the largest animal welfare charities of L
 More than 40,000 animals are left on the Nepal established by animal advocate Ms. Sneha Shrestha
to protect the street and community animals from torture,
street(according to Animal Nepal)
 Dogs and cattel - major stray animals in context cruelty or ill usage of any kind.
of Kathmandu.
22,000 stray dogs and 1,500 street cattle PROBABLE
PROGRAMS

• Traffic congestion and accidents

• Following road accidents, starvation is another major
cause of death among stray animals.
• WHO estimates that dog bites occur at a ratio of 1:20 for
the dog population.
200 people in Nepal die of Rabies
35,000 are treated for dog bites
• degrade city environment- noise pollution, feces,
garbage
TU AFFILIATED THESIS MID TERM PRESENTATION
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SHEET TILE: INTRODUCTION
ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER
KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE SHRADDHA ADHIKARI |71077| BAE V/I DATE : 4TH FEB, 2019
KALIAMTI
 Animal Welfare For A better Environment

HOUSING REGULATIONS: ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER

LITERATURE • maintained and operated so that they are attractive and
SHELTERING PROCESS OF ANIMALS
REVIEW Freedom
from •
welcoming to the community.
should be a place of safety and comfort for the animals.
discomfort
• Stress reduction and disease control should be the goal:
Freedom from
hunger and thirst  Sick or injured animals from healthy animals
 Puppies from adult animals (unless the puppies are
Freedom from nursing)
fear and distress
 Males from females
The 5 Freedom to express  Aggressive animals from all others
normal behaviour  Nursing mothers and their young from all others
Freedoms for  Newly arrived animals from healthy residents.
Freedom
animals from pain
injury and SITE SELECTION AND BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
disease
Exit to outdoor spaces
ANIMAL’S NEEDS
• Physiological needs– e.g. food and water, appropriate
temperature/humidity, air and light conditions, shelter from
environmental conditions, etc. Living Dog habitat
• Social needs– preference for living in solitude, in pairs or in a quater
group.
• Psychological needs– appropriate stimulation and activity to
L prevent boredom/frustration.
Primary barrier Evaluation at intake:
L
• Environmental needs– suitable home, space and territory. • all incoming animals are triaged
• Behavioural needs– e.g. climbing, digging and scratching. Service facilities
Medical • staff examines an animal—houses animal in healthy hold,
Interactions with care takers/owners. quarantine, isolation or euthanized depending on the
outcome of his exam.
BEHAVIOURAL NEEDS Healthy Hold
Pedestrian access to other facilities
• approximately twice the number of kennels/sheds for
• Animals interact with each
healthy hold than for adoptions.
other and people through Quarantine
Parking Parking
body postures, facial • public should not be allowed in these areas unescorted.
expressions, tail and ear • should be based on the typical number of animals needing
positions, raising of hair or • Visibility: high-visibility locations to be quarantined.
"hackles," vocalizations, and • Accessibility: centrally located to the area it serves. Isolation
scents. • A stray, sick/infectious animal that is brought in and needs
• Suitability– availability of utilities such as sewer, gas, electricity
to be held for the stray hold period
• Communication --zoning restrictions
• A dog/cattle that got sick during his stay at the shelter
 Scratching, Rolling, Scent --excess topography and drainage concerns
• number of kennels/sheds/pens will depend on the shelter’s
making, tail wagging -- check for wetland concerns
resources and desire to treat sick animals.
--a rectangular shape
TU AFFILIATED THESIS MID TERM PRESENTATION
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SHEET TILE: LITERATURE STUDY
ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER
KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
KALIAMTI
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 Animal Welfare For A better Environment

LITERATURE REVIEW--- ANIMAL TYPES OF DOGS HOUSING ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER

SPACES RUN AND EXERCISE AREA FOR DOGS.
SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR DOGS Individual housing
• Depends upon the size of the dog • minimum of 2 sq.m covered and draft-free accommodation.
• Small dogs up to 16 inches high – 6.0 sq.ft.
• Medium dogs up to 22 inches high – 9.0
sq.ft.
• Large dogs up to 26 inches high – 12 sq.
ft.;
• Interior height must be at least 6” higher
than the head of the dog as shown in fig.

• length of the runs and exercise areas--minimum of 3

times the length of the dog;
• the width--allow the dog to turn around easily;
• Height-- 1½ times the height of the dog, with the
Fig: individual housing for a dog maximum height--48 inches; minimum 18 inches
Weather proof non slip
Group housing
L • put into group housing after spending 10 days in quarantine.
surface on roof
L

DOG SHELTER CORE SPACES Fig: section showing indoor run area for a dog
Dog shelter core spaces include:
i. Dog spaces
 Dog holding area
 Isolation area
 Outdoor areas for dogs-a free
living environment
 Training area
 Foster and adoption area
 Breeding area
 Hostel
 Euthanasia area Fig: view of group housing enclosure Fig: outdoor run area for dogs
TU AFFILIATED THESIS MID TERM PRESENTATION
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SHEET TILE:LITERATURE STUDY
ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER
KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
KALIAMTI
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 Animal Welfare For A better Environment

ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER

LITERATURE CUBICLES
REVIEW
SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR CATTLE • 5% more cubicles than animals in the group to reduce
bullying and increase lying times.
• Cattle can see 300 • Lunging space of 0.7m to 1.0m should be provided at the
degrees around front of the cubicle. A brisket board in front of the cow will
them, with a blind help her to get up and down.
sport only directly • slight fall of 2-3% from front to back of cubicles, which also
in the back of their aids drainage—for cattles
heads. • Feed passages should be at least 4.6m wide behind cubicles
.

TYPES OF HOUSING Fig: Cow’s anthropometry

• Loose housing--kept loose in an open paddock throughout
the day and night except at the time of milking and
treatment.
• conventional barn--confined together on a platform and
secured at neck by stanchions or neck chain.
Calving pen
Fig: Plan of a cattle holding area • pen of 3m x 4m (12 m2)
• number of calving pens required is 10% of the number of
L total breedable female stock in the farm.
L
Dry animal shed
• In large shelters, milch and dry cows are housed separately.
• The floor in the covered area should preferably be made of
cement concrete.
CATTLE SHELTER CORE SPACES Isolation shed
Fig: Stall section • separation of sick animals from apparently healthy animals
COW SHED
 Internal shed design to avoid transmission of diseases to healthy stock.
• Surfaces-slip resistant and free of edges or fittings that • should be located at the corner of the shed.
may cause injury.
• The ability of the floor to cope with, contain and direct Quarantine shed
excess liquids towards floor surface and linkage to drains • should be located at the entrance of the shelter.
are all relevant to cattle comfort and management of • The newly brought animals be kept in quarantine shed for a
moisture within the building.
• A slope of 1 in 20 is used where drainage under straw is minimum period of 30 to 40 days to watch out for any
Fig: Lying boxes for cows
needed, or around drinkers. disease occurrence.
TU AFFILIATED THESIS MID TERM PRESENTATION
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SHEET TILE:LITERATURE STUDY
ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER
KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
KALIAMTI
SHRADDHA ADHIKARI |71077| BAE V/I DATE : 4TH FEB, 2019 4
 Animal Welfare For A better Environment

ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER

LITERATURE REVIEW--- MEDICAL
SPACES VETERINARY CLINIC CORE SPACES ARCHITECTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
Veterinary clinic--any premises at which veterinary • Entrance to the emergency--to protect ambulance patients
Public Areas
surgery is practiced, but at which animals are not • from weather while unloading.
Reception
retained overnight. • Corridors --7 feet wide to permit easy flow of personnel’s
• Waiting Area
• Consulting Area corridor.
• Should be at least be 42” wide and no less than 84 inches
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR A VETERINARY CLINIC • Shop/ Retail Area
• Out patient Area high.
Location Criteria • Metal or metal covered doors are preferable. Viewing
• Accessible to public transport; Clinical Areas windows are preferable.
• Avoiding arterial roads; • Pharmacy
• Avoid clustering with other non residential uses. • Laboratory—for maximum flexibility 10x 20 sq ft
Design Criteria • Preparation Room
• should have a “residential scale”, height, form and setback • Surgical Areas
• avoid overshadowing, overlooking and buildings built to the
boundary
• minimize the potential for nuisance in terms of:
 Visual impact
 Noise associated with operation of the Veterinary Clinic and
car park
 Odour relating to disposal of any waste
 Light spill from external security lighting
L  Security lighting must not to be illuminated constantly but
Fig: surgery room layout for a veterinary hospital
• Radiography—door width 1.25m; 20-30 sq. m for an animal L
must be designed to respond to sensors only. • Kennels and cages for visiting time only.
Fig: Corridor space layout for a veterinary hospital

• Close proximity to radiology, surgery, laboratory.

• Floors--Terrazo, cupric oxychloride cement, smooth hard-
surfaced concrete, neoprene terrazzo, and special hardened
rubber-base aggregate
• continuous waterproof member should be provided.
• Walls--monolithic, waterproof, painted, glazed or smooth,
free of crack or imperfect junctions at the door, ceiling, and
corners.
• Temperature within ±2°F
• the drain pipes– at least 4 inches in diameter

Fig: space layout for a veterinary hospital Fig: typical circulation diagram of a veterinary clinic

TU AFFILIATED THESIS MID TERM PRESENTATION

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SHEET TILE:LITERATURE STUDY
ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER
KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
KALIAMTI
SHRADDHA ADHIKARI |71077| BAE V/I DATE : 4TH FEB, 2019 5
 Animal Welfare For A better Environment

ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER

LITERATURE REVIEW--- STRUCTURAL REGULATIONS
AND FACILITY STANDARDS
 Isolation
FLOORS NATURAL VENTILATION • double layer of drywall each
• should slope (1 in 60) toward drains side on two separate stud walls
to prevent the accumulation of water 1" apart- 56 STC 17.
in the runs for dog’s shelter. • single layer drywall each side
• Slope of 1: 25 for cow platform and on staggered 2 x 4 studs on a
holding areas. X=height 6" stud plate - 46 STC 18. 6"
• should be made of concrete(sealed)or Y= 60 * X (run) airspace added to any
some other nonporous material, assembly - 8 STC
sealed tiles that can be easily • Resilient clips ;Ceiling
disinfected. Isolators;Foam Spacer, Barrium
• Curve the floor up the side of the wall Loaded Vinyl. Fig: double wall for
to a height of at 4” to prevent dirt. ODOR CONTROL sound isolation
ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION
WALLS • Sidewall fans preferred for • Runs and dog wards: 12 air changes per hour, with a
• Walls--sealed e.g. with chlorinated rubber paint, so that they uniform air quality. minimum exhaust fan capacity of 500 cubic feet per minute
can be properly cleaned. • Forced air system works (CFM) and enough fans to provide 50 CFM per dog.
• Walls between kennels should be solid from the floor to at best.
least 1 metre (or more for larger dogs) to prevent nose-to-
nose contact through the mesh and the spread of diseases
L such as kennel cough. LIGHTING
L
• Ensure natural light as possible.
• Fencing should be at least 2m high and be made of weld
• It is important for animals to experience day and night for their sense
mesh. Ideally the fence should slope inwards at the top to stop of well being and routine.
climbing out.
DRAINAGE NOISE CONTROL
• drain opening of not less than 20cm diameter and should be • NOISE PRODUCED BY A BARKING DOG
covered by a strainer grid. 60 to 110 dB.
• The quarantine area should have a separate drain from other • NOISE PRODUCED BY A CATTLE
areas to ensure there is no risk of cross contamination. 52 to 79 dB.
• METHODS:
HEATING, COOLING AND VENTILATION  Sound Absorption– materials like
• temperature at floor level for infant, sick, or injured animals-- •mylar-faced ceiling baffles - NRC 0.95
75°F/24°C •quilted blankets/banners hung from
• healthy adult animals--between 65-70°F/18-21°C ceiling- NRC 1.10
• Exhaust should be 110 percent of air supplied to maintain •fabric-wrapped wall panels - NRC 0.90 Fig: Sound insulating
negative pressure ,ten air changes per hour should be •sound block (concrete block with slots materials for ceilings and
provided. and foam inside) - NRC 0.35 walls
• forced air system works best.
TU AFFILIATED THESIS MID TERM PRESENTATION
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SHEET TILE:LITERATURE STUDY
ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER
KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
KALIAMTI
SHRADDHA ADHIKARI |71077| BAE V/I DATE : 4TH FEB, 2019 6
 Animal Welfare For A better Environment

ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER

LITERATURE REVIEW— MANAGERIAL
SPACE
ADMINISTRATION BUILDING --supporting space to serve the  STAFF ROOM  LIBRARY
• reference room, counter, and seat according to the number of
operation of the whole building. • Provided so that staff are readily available in the event of an
• RECEPTION AREA AND SERVICE DESK people.
emergency.
• number of animals x 15 minutes = minutes of staff
• Area per person-0.9 sq.m time.
• exposed edges and corners • Rooms should be provided on the basis of no. of staffs.
should be well rounded.
• one accessible telephone LITERATURE REVIEW—
should be provided
OTHERS
MULTI PURPOSE HALL

• Multipurpose hall for

workshops and programs
• Area required for simple reading space: <2.5 m2 and for
like awareness.
• Area of at least 0.5 sq.m individual pc and working space: ≥4m2; 300 to 850 lux
• internal climate--20◦ ± 5 and
per spectator
 OFFICE • Good view angle is 30
degree without head  DEPARTMENTAL STORE
movement and with slight • angular plan helps in more exposure of goods.
L head movement is 60 • display area—located perpendicular to entrance.
L
 OFFICE degree

 AMPHITHEATRE

• Area per person-1 sq.m

 MEETING/ CONFERENCE ROOMS

 LIVING QUARTER
• Rooms provided for the staffs and caretakers of the shelter.
• consists of bedrooms, kitchen, study area and washrooms.
• a welcoming place for community
• slope recommended for the lower portion is 12 degree,
and for the upper 24 degree or steeper.

TU AFFILIATED THESIS MID TERM PRESENTATION

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SHEET TILE:LITERATURE STUDY
ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER
KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
KALIAMTI
SHRADDHA ADHIKARI |71077| BAE V/I DATE : 4TH FEB, 2019 7
 Animal Welfare For A better Environment

ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER

LITERATURE REVIEW
SUSTAINABILITY APPROACH ENERGY CONSERVATION AND EFFICIENCY, BIOGAS
ORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT AREA
GREEN ROOF AND INDOOR GARDEN • A herd of 100 cows produces enough manure to generate a
TIPPING FLOOR/ COLLECTION
• 10 sq. m of green roof consumes approx. same amount of CO2 as a continuous 25 to 30 kw electrical output from the manure.
AREA 13’ high tree per year.
• a hard, concrete surface,
allowing the unsorted
materials to be stored before
being introduced into the
processing system for animal
feeding.
• a weather-protected area, of sufficient.
• Multi large doors to accommodate waste carrying vehicle.
• Tipping floor begin with min. 400 sq. ft. and add each 20 ft2
for each 1 ton of waste.
INSPECTION AREA.
• Trommel screen is
SOLAR ENERGY
required for screening
• Rooftop of an animal shelter—ideal location for a solar
of soil from organic
installation.
material.
L • Total area required for L
trommel machine:
• 322 x 3 = 966 sq. ft.
• Manure storage areas should be located such that prevailing
PROCESSING AREA winds carries odors from the shelter building.
GRINDING MACHINE • Enough storage to avoid spreading of manure.
• Size:6’ x 1.5’ x 3’ • Production of manure depends upon the age of cows.
• Coverage area:9 sq. ft. • has designed glass tiles that complement the aesthetics
• Flow rate:204 m3/h • embedded with highest efficiency of PC cells.
.
RAIN WATER HARVESTING
CATCHMENT AREA
• roofs are used as the catchment surface for a rainwater
harvesting system.
• rainwater harvested from other sources; parking lots,
walkways—suitable for outdoor washing.

Fig: table showing manure production rate of cattle

TU AFFILIATED THESIS MID TERM PRESENTATION

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SHEET TILE:LITERATURE STUDY
ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER
KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
KALIAMTI
SHRADDHA ADHIKARI |71077| BAE V/I DATE : 4TH FEB, 2019 8
 Animal Welfare For A better Environment

ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER

CASE STUDY 1— SNEHA’S CARE DOG’S SHELTER
Kennels:
• Kennels built with low cost techniques using concrete
SHELTERING PROCESS DOGS blocks.
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY:
 To study the functional space for an animal care enter. • Both group housing and single housing methods.
 To study the areas provided in Nepal’s context. • Properly managed kennels with proper exposure to sunlight.
Identifying
 To measure the space requirements of various spaces, kennels, Isolation Treatment Shifted to • Isolated kennels exposed to south to maintain air and
condition of
isolation area etc. dogs kennels-if sick and grooming holding area temperature.
• Kennel Flooring: plaster finish only, Marble finish for special
INTRODUCTION kennel dogs
Location: Karyabinayak, Lalitpur • Playground with kennels are categorized into five parts:
Total Area--8 ropanies for dog’s shelter Kennel I: For holding dogs:
PLANNING
--5 ropanies for cow’s Kennel II: For Operated dogs of three district; Kathamndu,
shelter(except grazing area) Bhaktapur and Lalitpur.
Total no. of animals sheltered: 250 Kennnel III: For paralyzed dogs
dogs and 5 cattle Kennel IV: For dogs aggressive with
Establishment: 2014 AD animals
Kennel: For isolated dogs
SITE AND SURROUNDINGS
• quiet and pleasant environment  Kennel Size:
• Open barren land all around. For large dog: 16 sq.ft, height 7’
• Approx. 400 m away from residential area For small dog: 10 sq. ft, height 5’
For Isolated dog in kennel: 20 sq. ft, height 7’
L BUILDING FORM L
• Scattered temporary structures built with concrete blocks
for dogs; outdoor kennels provided with CGI roofing.
• Truss structure for cows; outdoor barn provided

SPACE ALLOCATION

The Sneha’s Care is located

in a quiet environment. The
dog’s facility and cattle
facility are separated on two
sides of the road.

TU AFFILIATED THESIS MID TERM PRESENTATION

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SHEET TILE: NATIONAL CASE STUDY
ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER
KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
KALIAMTI
SHRADDHA ADHIKARI |71077| BAE V/I DATE : 4TH FEB, 2019 9
 Animal Welfare For A better Environment

ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER

CASE STUDY 1— SNEHA’S CARE STRUCTURAL DETAILS, FACILITIES AND
DOG’S SHELTER Cattle barn: SERVICES
SHELTERING PROCESS • Both outdoor and indoor shelter  Food and hygiene
CATTLE provided.  Walls: • Meals provided to animals twice a
• Indoor shelter--14m x 10 m—can hold • Adjacent walls of kennels are solid for day.
10-12 cows. operated dogs. • Everyday cleaning and
Identifying Kept in
Isolated if Shifted to • Outdoor barn—27m x 10m—followed • Front doors are of metals with visual maintenance by staffs and
condition of quarantine rooms
cattle for 1-2 weeks sick holding area by loose housing of cattle. connection inside kennels. volunteers.
• No separate shelter for calves and • Solid walls for cattle shed with formica • Open grounds used for playing
nourishing cattle. finish. and different activities.
• The quarantine process for cattle is
done outside the permanent shed.  Lighting and ventilation:  Sanitation
PLANNING • Natural light ensured for all dogs. • Provision of drainage.
Hierarchy Of Spaces • Kennels facing towards south-eat. • Kennels provided with drain pipes
Animal Holding Medical Service Community
• Grill doors provide ventilation in certain for easy cleaning of kennels.
Community
10% amount. • Drain pipes inside the cattle shed
Service
3%
• Cow shed provided with artificial lighting. too.
Medical
5%
• No mechanical system HVAC.

 Noise Control
L • No any sound insulation techniques used.
L
• Vegetation plantation for noise reduction.

 Security:
Animal Holding • Perimeter fencing and fire alarm system
82%
provided.
• Double doors at the entry.

 Medical facilities:
• General treatment room and surgery
room provided.
• Surgery room area—10’ x 12’ INFERENCES:
• Proper separation of kennels as
 Services rendered. per requirement.
• Spaying and neutering • Low cost techniques adopted for
• Rescue and treatment of sick, injured kennels construction.
stray dogs and cattle. • Still no proper noise control and
• Rabies vaccination an dpublic awareness odor control.
programs.
TU AFFILIATED THESIS MID TERM PRESENTATION
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SHEET TILE: NATIONAL CASE STUDY
ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER
KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
KALIAMTI
SHRADDHA ADHIKARI |71077| BAE V/I DATE : 4TH FEB, 2019 10
 Animal Welfare For A better Environment

ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER

CASE STUDY 1I— ANIMAL SHELTERING PROCESS DOGS
NEPAL STRUCTURAL DETAILS, FACILITIES
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY:
 To study the functional space for an animal care enter. Identifying Quarantine Isolation Shifted to AND SERVICES
condition of dogs area kennels holding area
 To measure the space requirements of various spaces, kennels,
 Lighting and ventilation:
isolation area etc.
• Kennels facing towards south-east.
Kennels: • Grill doors provide ventilation in certain
INTRODUCTION
Location: Chobhar, Kathmandu • Total capacity: 60 to 70 dogs amount.
Total Area- 5,6 ropanies  Noise Control
 Total number of kennels- 24
Founder: Uttam Kafle • Vegetation plantation for noise
Total no. of animals sheltered: 60 capacity; currently 32  Only outdoor kennels are provided for dogs. reduction.
dogs are kept.  Kennels are planned in L-shaped facing towards  Security
Establishment: 2001 AD • Perimeter fencing by net wire mesh.
south east.  Drainage
Total no. of staffs: 8 staffs with 2 vets and volunteers
 Built with 9” brick walls with CGI roofing. • 4” drain pipes provided inside kennels.
SITE AND SURROUNDINGS • 10” drain pipes provided at the front of
• quiet and pleasant environment  Kennels flooring: tiles for easy cleaning.
kennels to drain off water.
• Open barren land all around.  Metal doors with visual connection outdoor  Food and Hygiene
• Approx. 500m away from main road • Meals provided to dogs thrice a day
environment,
BUILDING FORM • Everyday cleaning and maintenance by
Kennel sizes:
L • Single storey building with temporary structure staffs and volunteers. Hierarchy Of Spaces
L
 5’ x 2.5’x 3’ for individual kennels.
at back. Animal Holding Medical Service Community store

• Outdoor kennels provided with CGI roofing.  3’ x 4’ x 5’ for framed kennels with puppies and large dogs.
store
Community 2%
10%

SPACE ALLOCATION Service

8%

Dog
Enclosure
Open area
Medical Animal Holding
20% 60%

INFERENCES:
Open area Outside Main office • Proper separation of kennels as
with kennels surgery building per requirement.
area • Low cost techniques adopted
for kennels construction.
• Still no proper noise control and
odor control.

TU AFFILIATED THESIS MID TERM PRESENTATION

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SHEET TILE: NATIONAL CASE STUDY
ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER
KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE SHRADDHA ADHIKARI |71077| BAE V/I
KALIAMTI DATE : 4TH FEB, 2019 11
 Animal Welfare For A better Environment

ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER

CASE STUDY 1II— VET FOR YOUR
PETS
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY:
 To study the functional space for a veterinary hospital FACILITY DESIGN AND ENVIRONMENT
• At present, Total- 26 street dogs, 6- pets
INTRODUCTION • Only outdoor kennels provided
• LOCATION : Suryabinayak, Bhaktapur • Kennels planned in linear shape with double
• TOTAL AREA: 5 - 6 ropanies storey
• ESTABLISHEMENT: 7 YRS, 2003 and 2007 A.D. • Metal doors with visual connection
Fig: Dog Hostel kennels Fig: Bowls and tyres for dogs Fig: Surgery room bed sixe 2.5’
• FOUNDER : Dr. PRANAV RAJ JOSHI • Bowls and tyres also used for dogs x 4’ x 3.5’
• NO. OF STAFFS : 4 with 2 vets and 2 caretakers • Total capacity: 40 dogs INFERENCES
• BUILDING TYPE : Framed building (residential area) • No proper isolation area • Lack of adequate space.
• SERVICES: Bhaktapur area of Kathmandu valley • Dog hostel - 12 kennels-- 6/6 two rows. • Functional flow of different spaces
• Size • Placement of all medical facilities in ground floor making easy for circulation.
 Small kennel size--4’ x 4’x 2.5’ • Lack of green environment and site not feasible as it is located in a very core area–
PLANNING  Large Kennel size: 5’ x 2.5’ x 3’ – 14 no disturbance caused due to traffic and pollution.
• A residential building with 3 rooms and with open  Portable kennels also used
space at the back side-ground floor. Easy access
• front- pet shop
• 3 rooms- a clinic, a private surgery room and dark
CASE STUDY 1V— THE KENNEL
CLUB,KALANKI
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY:
room
L • Back side- open playground for strays and DOG  To study the functional planning of dog selling
L
HOSTEL- 6 and training clubs.
Kennels and surgery INTRODUCTION
room at back
• LOCATION : Kalanki, Kathmandu
• PLINTH AREA: 930 sq.m
• BUILDING TYPE : Framed building
DARK GENERAL (residential area) Fig: Main building of Kennel Club Fig:Dog holding areas Fig: Pet shop areas
ROOM TREATMENT • No. of staffs: 12 PLANNING
VERTICAL ZONING • The kennel club brings pets from various breeders
from Kritipur area.
Upper floor: Kitchen, residential • Puppies and taken care until they are ready for
units and kennels adoption.
RECEPTION • Pet selling club which sells different breeds of dogs.
OFFICE
Second floor: Surgery room, general • Simple planning with public spaces on first floor.
ward, pathology lab • Dog spaces provided on upper flow with exposure to
sunlight.
First floor: Reception, pet shop, • Kennel sizes:
technician room, administration  2’ x 2.5’ x 2.5’ small kennels Fig: Portable kennels holding
 5’ x 4’ x 3’ for large kennels
TU AFFILIATED THESIS MID TERM PRESENTATION
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SHEET TILE: NATIONAL CASE STUDY
ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER
KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE SHRADDHA ADHIKARI |71077| BAE V/I
KALIAMTI
DATE : 4TH FEB, 2019 12
 Animal Welfare For A better Environment

Hierarchy Of Spaces ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER

CASE STUDY V— PALM SPRINGS ANIMAL Animal Holding Medical Service Community store

Inferences:
SHELTER
store
5%

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY: • The space planning makes it a place

 To study the functional space for an animal care enter. A: Pedesterian access from the nearest bus stop more than an animal shelter.
 To understand the space allocation. B: the north façade of the structure facing the
Community
24% • Include public oriented program
components like inviting garden;
INTRODUCTION main road with silt windows opening to the socializing areas etc.
Location: Demuth Perk, Palm Springs, USA community room where workshops are held. • “silver” LEED facility with an
Established: October, 2011 emphasis on water conservation.
C: two entrances (adoption and intake), sharing
Architects: Swatt | Miers Architects Service
4%
• Recycled water from adjacent
Animal Holding
Site Building Area Size: 21,000 sq.m a common reception station. This is accessed Medical
64% sewage treatment plant is used for
from the parking.
3%
cleaning all animal areas and for
SITE AND SURROUNDINGS landscape irrigation.
• structures surrounding are not greater than 6m high. D: adoption lobby
• SW corner-John. W. Wiliams; first tourist hotel of the E: holding of cool cats.
area. F:Photographs lounge
G: dogs are available for adoption; provides a
BUILDING FORM
secured open space where volunteers can walk
• Design reflects unique mid-century architectural dogs.
heritage.
• Features a sweeping roof oriented towards San
L Jacinto Mountain range. G
SHELTERING PROCESS F L
B

B E
A
E
F
A C C
D D
TU AFFILIATED THESIS MID TERM PRESENTATION SHEET TILE: INTERNATIONAL CASE
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER STUDY
KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE SHRADDHA ADHIKARI |71077| BAE V/I
KALIAMTI
DATE : 4TH FEB, 2019 13
 Animal Welfare For A better Environment

ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER

CASE STUDY VI— PEOPLE FOR Hierarchy Of Spaces
• Shelter is a no kill shelter, CLINIC AREA
Animal Holding Medical Service Community storage

ANIMALOF STUDY:
OBJECTIVES storage
5%
hence lacks a euthanasia
 To study the functional space for an animal care enter. Community
8%
room and a freezer. w/c
 To understand the space allocation. Service
4%
• The clinic is a RCC
INTRODUCTION structure with corrugated Consult
Location: Pune, India roofing.

I.C.U
Surgery pre/post
Established: 2005 • Tiled flooring
Medical
9%
operation
SPACE ALLOCATION
Doctor’s Waiting
cabin area
Animal Holding
74%
Quarantine
area

RECOVERY SHED

H
L L
SHELTERING PROCESS D
Fig: Sectional view of Recovery shed
• In the initial phase, the general
G E recovery will be used for Animal
Birth Control(ABC).
• The treatment area for large
animals is an open area .
• Shahbad stone flooring is used
B that keeps the shed cooler.

A
INFERENCES
• A small scale animal shelter made up of
C temporary structures.
• Incase the land is ceased, disassembling of
F structure would be easier.
• Proper separation of Cattle and pet area.

TU AFFILIATED THESIS MID TERM PRESENTATION SHEET TILE: INTERNATIONAL CASE

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER STUDY
KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE SHRADDHA ADHIKARI |71077| BAE V/I
KALIAMTI
DATE : 4TH FEB, 2019 14
 Animal Welfare For A better Environment

ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER

COMPARATIVE STUDY
S.N Basis LITERATURE REVIEW Sneha’s Care Animal Nepal Vet For your Pets Palm Springs People For INFERENCES
Animal Shelter Animal
1. Site Selection • 400m away from residential • 1 km away from the • 500 m away from • 0 m away; lies • Within city • Within city • 300 m away with proper
area. DAKSHANKALI Road, No the residential in core city area, but has area, barrier, easily accessible
residential area around area. area large space segregated and provision of future
for expansion by a large expansion.
farm land.

2. Outdoor spaces • 10% of total built up area. • Plenty of open space • Insufficient open • No open • 15% of BUA. • 30% of • 70% built up area; 30%
just across the shelter. space. space. BUA. open area.
(more than 10%)
3. Kennels/ runs • Area: • Area: • Area: • Area: • Area:
Large dogs: 24 sq. ft Large dogs: 16 sq. ft 12 sq. ft for all dogs. Large dogs: 15 sq. Large dogs: 24 sq. ft
Medium sized dogs: 20 sq. ft Medium sized dogs: 12 sq. Small dogs: 10 sq. ft ft Medium sized dogs: 20 sq. ft
Small dogs: 12 sq. ft ft • Height: 5’, 3’ Small dogs: 10 sq. Small dogs: 12 sq. ft
• Height: at least 6” higher Small dogs: 10 sq. ft • Separation done ft • Height: at least 6” higher
than heat of dog. • Height: 7’ but not proper. • Height: 6’; 4’ than heat of dog.
• Isolation and quarantine • No proper separation • No • Isolation and quarantine
kennels– at least 5 m away due to overpopulation. separation kennels– at least 5 m
from animal holding area. away from animal holding
area.
L L
4. Shed/Barn • Area: • Area: -- -- -- -- Loose housing system;
Large cattle: 30 sq. ft 24 sq. ft for all types. Large cattle: 30 sq. ft
Medium sized: 24 sq. ft • Height of shed: 10’ Medium sized: 24 sq. ft
Calving pens: 10 sq. ft Calving pens: 10 sq. ft
• Height- at least 8’ • Height- at least 8’

5. Treatment area • 4 sq. m/ dog • 2.5 sq. m/ dog • 2.5 sq. m/ dog • 3 sq. m/ dog -- -- • 4 sq. m/ dog
• 9 sq. m / cow • 5 sq. m / cow -- -- -- -- • 9 sq. m / cow

6. floors • 1 in 60 towards drain • No slope maintained • 2% slope -- -- -- • 1 in 60 towards drain

• 1:25 for cow platforms • Plaster finish; marble maintained in • Concrete pipes
• Non porous material finish for paralyzed zone kennels. finish • 1:25 for cow platforms
flooring • Concrete finish • Non porous material
flooring

TU AFFILIATED THESIS MID TERM PRESENTATION SHEET TILE: COMPARATIVE STUDY

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER
KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE SHRADDHA ADHIKARI |71077| BAE V/I
KALIAMTI
DATE : 4TH FEB, 2019 15
 Animal Welfare For A better Environment

COMPARATIVE STUDY ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER

S.N Basis LITERATURE REVIEW Sneha’s Care Animal Nepal Vet For your Pets Palm Springs People For INFERENCES
Animal Shelter Animal
7. WALLS • Solid wall for indoor • solid for operated dog, • Wire mesh • Brick walls -- -- • at least 2 m high fencing
housing , at least 2 m high formica finish exterior fencing, internal • the fence should slope
weld mesh fencing walls brick walls inwards at the top to
stop climbing out.

8. HVAC • Natural ventilation and • Grilled doors for • No any means • No system of • Fans used -- • HVAC system used so as
heating through planning ventilation in kennels. for HVAC. HVAC. where to maintain room temp.
and orientation. • Central heater placed required. of 70-78 degree.
• Artificial ventilation- forced for heating in winter. • Natural ventilation and
air system, sidewall fans. • No mechanical heating is preferred.
measures for
ventilation.

9. Noise Control • sound absorbing materials • Trees used as noise • Trees used as • N o system of • Ceiling • Noise • Use of sound proofing
as well as dry wall isolation barrier. noise barrier. noise control isolators barrier material for noise
can be used. used. through reduction throughout
• Vegetation in the periphery. trees building.
L plantation. • Evergreen trees > 30 ft L
height for noise barrier.

10. Drainage and • Drain opening of not less • No proper drainage, • 4” drain pipes • Dogs -- -- • Each zone should have
odor control than 20cm diameter and very bad odor in the provided inside defecate in proper drain lines– no
should be covered by a shelter. kennels. movable trays. less than 20 cm diameter
strainer grid. • 10” drain pipes • No proper drain opening.
• Odor Neutralizer System can provided at the drainage • For odor control, each
be used. front of kennels system zone should have its own
to drain off water. maintained. supply and return duct.
• No any other
means for odor
control.

11. Lighting • Ensure 150 lux for 16-18 hours • Natural lighting • Natural lighting • Natural -- -- • Natural lighting is
per day for cows. provided through provided. lighting. preferred for animals
• holding of dogs under the building orientation and • Provision of through proper
natural light-dark cycle .
• 5 to 10 lux of artificial lighting. ventilated doors. bulbs inside each orientation of building.
kennels for night.

TU AFFILIATED THESIS MID TERM PRESENTATION SHEET TILE: COMPARATIVE STUDY

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER
KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE SHRADDHA ADHIKARI |71077| BAE V/I
KALIAMTI
DATE : 4TH FEB, 2019 16
 Animal Welfare For A better Environment

ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER

SITE INFORMATION
Site selection Criteria for an Animal Shelter
• Minimum 400m away from nearest residential
housing
• far from city core area.
Introduction
• Location : Karyabinayak, Lalitpur
• Public Reachment: 5.6 km away from Ringroad
and Balkhu Chowk
• Topography: slight contour land towards East
• Features: Site based on agricultural farming and
animal husbandry near to chobhar and at some Fig: Location Map Fig: Accessible road from ring Fig: Panaroma View of Site
distance from Bagmati river. road
• Accessible road from ring road: 400m away from
residential area
• Far from core city area, peaceful zone.
Existing Site Use:
• The site is currently used by Sneha’s Care
Foundation.
L • The site features and site location makes it feasible
Fig: Agricultural Land Fig: Future expansion of site Fig: Vacant plots around site- L
for an Animal Shelter.
• The Sneha’s Care Foundation is using 13 ropanies around site area used for dog training programs
of land currently.
• Their aim is to make a large animal shelter by
CONCLUSION
adding the land of the surrounding.
• Rethinking the way animal shelters are designed is very much important.

• Existing animal shelters– built of concrete blocks—concrete makes it an echo box.

• Most common locations till now– outskirts of the city, low-land value locations, much away
from residential areas.
REMAINING CASE STUDIES:
• Proposed Animal Welfare Center will carry all the Case Study of a dog training
necessities of Stray animals and Pets– “A area
COMPLETE ANIMAL CENTER” Organic Waste Treatment
Center
• A place of calmness and serenity both for International Case Study Of a
inhabitants as well as human caretakers and Veterinary Hospital
Fig: Front View of existing site use Fig: Map showing Close Proximities to site visitors.
TU AFFILIATED THESIS MID TERM PRESENTATION SHEET TILE: SITE INFORMATION
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE ANIMAL WELFARE CENTER
KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE SHRADDHA ADHIKARI |71077| BAE V/I
KALIAMTI
DATE : 4TH FEB, 2019 17