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    EEE415 Digital Image Processing: Frequency Domain Filtering

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    FAISAL NAWAB
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    EEE415 Digital Image Processing: Frequency Domain Filtering

    Uploaded by

    FAISAL NAWAB
    52 views50 pages
    Thank you for the summary. I appreciate you taking the time to consolidate the key points.

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    Image processing

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    131287318818960000

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    Thank you for the summary. I appreciate you taking the time to consolidate the key points.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    52 views50 pages

    EEE415 Digital Image Processing: Frequency Domain Filtering

    Uploaded by

    FAISAL NAWAB
    Thank you for the summary. I appreciate you taking the time to consolidate the key points.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A.

    Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    EEE415 Digital Image Processing

    Frequency domain filtering

    Slides from Aaron Bobick and


    Frank (Qingzhong) Liu
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    2-D Impulse and Sifting Property: Continuous


    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    2-D Impulse and Sifting Property: Discrete


    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    2-D Fourier Transform: Continuous


    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    2-D Fourier Transform: Continuous


    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    2-D Sampling and 2-D Sampling Theorem


    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    2-D Sampling and 2-D Sampling Theorem


    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    2-D Sampling and 2-D Sampling Theorem


    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Aliasing in images
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Aliasing in images
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Aliasing in Images: Example

    In an image system, the


    number of samples is
    fixed at 96x96 pixels. If
    we use this system to
    digitize checkerboard
    patterns …

    Under-sampling
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Image half-sizing
    This image is too big to
    fit on the screen. How
    can we reduce it?

    How to generate a half-


    sized version?

    S. Seitz
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Image sub-sampling

    1/8
    1/4

    Throw away every other row and


    column to create a 1/2 size image
    - called image sub-sampling
    S. Seitz
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Image sub-sampling

    1/2 1/4 (2x zoom) 1/8 (4x zoom)

    Aliasing! What do we do?


    S. Seitz
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Gaussian (lowpass) pre-filtering

    G 1/8
    G 1/4

    Gaussian 1/2
    Solution: filter the image, then subsample
    S. Seitz
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Subsampling with Gaussian pre-filtering

    Gaussian 1/2 G 1/4 G 1/8

    S. Seitz
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Compare with...

    1/2 1/4 (2x zoom) 1/8 (4x zoom)

    S. Seitz
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Aliasing in Images: Example

    Re-sampling
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Aliasing in Images: Example

    Re-sampling
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    2-D Discrete Fourier Transform and Its


    Inverse

    IDFT:

    for x = 0, 1, 2…M-1 and y = 0, 1, 2…N-1


    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Properties of the 2-D DFT


    relationships between spatial and frequency intervals
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Properties of the 2-D DFT


    translation and rotation
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Properties of the 2-D DFT


    periodicity
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Properties of the 2-D DFT


    periodicity
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Properties of the 2-D DFT


    Symmetry
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Properties of the 2-D DFT


    Fourier Spectrum and Phase Angle
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Examples

    Magnitudes are shown


    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Phase and Magnitude

    •Fourier transform of a real


    function is complex
    • difficult to visualize
    • instead, think of phase and
    magnitude
    •Phase = phase of the
    complex transform
    •Magnitude = magnitude of
    complex transform
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Example: Phase Angles


    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Example: Phase Angles and The Reconstructed


    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    This is the
    magnitude
    of cheetah
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    This is the
    phase of
    cheetah
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    This is the
    magnitude
    of zebra
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    This is the
    phase of
    zebra
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Reconstruct
    with zebra
    phase,
    cheetah
    magnitude
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Reconstruct
    with
    cheetah
    phase, zebra
    magnitude
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    2-D Convolution Theorem


    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    An Example of Convolution

    Mirroring h
    about the origin

    Translating the
    mirrored
    function by x

    Computing the
    sum for each x
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    An Example of Convolution

    It causes the
    wraparound
    error

    It can be
    solved by
    appending
    zeros
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Zero Padding

    ► Consider two functions f(x) and h(x) composed of A and B


    samples, respectively

    ► Append zeros to both functions so that they have the same


    length, denoted by P, then wraparound is avoided by choosing

    P ≥A+B-1
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Zero Padding

    ► Let f(x,y) and h(x,y) be two image arrays of sizes A×B and C×D
    pixels, respectively. Wraparound error in their convolution can
    be avoided by padding these functions with zeros
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Summary
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Summary
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Summary
    CS 4495 Computer Vision – A. Bobick Frequency and Fourier Transform

    Summary

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