Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 40
PHP Introduction
About the PHP Language
• Syntax inspired by C • Curly braces, semicolons, no significant whitespace • Syntax inspired by Perl • Dollar signs to start variable names, associative arrays • Extends HTML to add segments of PHP within an HTML file
Wednesday, Ju 2 Example <h1>Hello from Dr. Chuck's HTML Page</h1> <p> <?php echo "Hi there.\n"; $answer = 6 * 7; echo "The answer is $answer, what "; echo "was the question again?\n"; ?> </p> <p>Yes another paragraph.</p>
Wednesday, Ju 3 Example <h1>Hello from Dr. Chuck's HTML Page</h1> <p> <?php echo "Hi there.\n"; $answer = 6 * 7; echo "The answer is $answer, what "; echo "was the question again?\n"; ?> </p> <p>Yes another paragraph.</p>
Wednesday, Ju 4 PHP from the Command Line
• You can run PHP from
the command line - the <?php output simply comes echo("Hello World!"); out on the terminal. echo("\n"); • It does not have to be ?> part of a request- response cycle.
Wednesday, Ju 5 Keywords
abstract and array() as break case catch class clone
const continue declare default do else elseif end declare endfor endforeach endif endswitch endwhile extends final for foreach function global goto if implements interface instanceof namespace new or private protected public static switch $this throw try use var while xor
Wednesday, Ju 6 Variable Names
• Start with a dollar sign ($) followed by a letter or
underscore, followed by any number of letters, numbers, or underscores • Case matters
http://php.net/manual/en/language.variables.basics.php Wednesday, Ju 7 Variable Name Weirdness
• Things that look like variables but are missing a dollar
sign can be confusing.
$x = 2; $x = 2; $y = x + 5; y = $x + 5; print $y; print $x;
5 Parse error
Wednesday, Ju 8 Variable Name Weirdness
• Things that look like variables but are missing a dollar sign as an array index are unpredictable....
$x = 5; $y = array("x" => "Hello"); print $y[x];
Hello
Wednesday, Ju 9 Strings / Different + Awesome
• String literals can use single quotes or double quotes.
• The backslash (\) is used as an “escape” character. • Strings can span multiple lines - the newline is part of the string. • In double-quoted strings, variable values are expanded. • Concatenation is the "." not "+" (more later).
Wednesday, Ju 10 <?php Double Quote echo "this is a simple string\n";
echo "You can also have embedded newlines in strings this way as it is okay to do";
// Outputs: This will expand: // a newline echo "This will expand: \na newline";
// Outputs: Variables do 12 $expand = 12; echo "Variables do $expand\n";
Wednesday, Ju 11 <?php Single Quote echo 'this is a simple string';
echo 'You can also have embedded newlines in strings this way as it is okay to do';
// Outputs: Arnold once said: "I'll be back" echo 'Arnold once said: "I\'ll be back"';
// Outputs: This will not expand: \n a newline echo 'This will not expand: \n a newline';
// Outputs: Variables do not $expand $either echo 'Variables do not $expand $either'; Wednesday, Ju 12 Comments in PHP echo 'This is a test'; // This is a c+ + style comment /* This is a multi line comment yet another line of comment */ echo 'This is yet another test'; echo 'One Final Test'; # This is a shell- style comment
Wednesday, Ju 13 Output
• echo is a language construct <?php
$x = "15" + 27; - can be treated like a function with one echo $x; parameter. Without echo("\n"); parentheses, it accepts echo $x, "\n"; multiple parameters. print $x; print "\n"; • print is a function - only one print($x); parameter, but parentheses print("\n"); are optional so it can look ?> like a language construct.
Wednesday, Ju 14 Expressions
• Completely normal like other languages ( + - / * )
• More aggressive implicit type conversion
<?php $x = "15" + 27; echo($x); 42 echo("\n"); ?>
Wednesday, Ju 15 Expressions
• Expressions evaluate to a value. The value can be a
string, number, boolean, etc. • Expressions often use operations and function calls. There is an order of evaluation when there is more than one operator in an expression. • Expressions can also produce objects like arrays.
Wednesday, Ju 16 Increment / Decrement
• These operators allow you to both retrieve and
increment / decrement a variable. • They are generally avoided in civilized code.
$x = 12; $y = 15 + $x++; x is 13 and y is 27 echo "x is $x and y is $y \n";
increment / decrement a variable. • They are generally avoided in civilized code.
$x = 12; $y = 15 + $x; x is 13 and y is 27 $x = $x + 1; echo "x is $x and y is $y \n";
Wednesday, Ju 19 String Concatenation
• PHP uses the period character for concatenation,
because the plus character would instruct PHP to do the best it could to add the two things together, converting if necessary.
$a = 'Hello ' . 'World!'; Hello World!
echo $a . "\n";
Wednesday, Ju 20 Ternary • The ternary operator comes from C. It allows conditional expressions. It is like a one-line if-then- else. Like all “contraction” syntaxes, we must use it carefully.
convert its operands to strings. echo "A".FALSE."B\n"; TRUE becomes an integer 1 and then echo "X".TRUE."Y\n"; becomes a string. FALSE is “not there” - it is even “smaller” than zero, at least when it comes to width.
AB X1Y
Wednesday, Ju 26 Equality versus Identity
• The equality operator (==) in PHP is far more
aggressive than in most other languages when it comes to data conversion during expression evaluation.
if ( 123 == "123" ) print ("Equality 1\n");
if ( 123 == "100"+23 ) print ("Equality 2\n"); if ( FALSE == "0" ) print ("Equality 3\n"); if ( (5 < 6) == "2"-"1" ) print ("Equality 4\n"); if ( (5 < 6) === TRUE ) print ("Equality 5\n");
Wednesday, Ju 27 $vv = "Hello World!"; echo "First:" . strpos($vv, "Wo") . "\n"; echo "Second: " . strpos($vv, "He") . "\n"; echo "Third: " . strpos($vv, "ZZ") . "\n"; if (strpos($vv, "He") == FALSE ) echo "Wrong A\n"; if (strpos($vv, "ZZ") == FALSE ) echo "Right B\n"; if (strpos($vv, "He") !== FALSE ) echo "Right C\n"; if (strpos($vv, "ZZ") === FALSE ) echo "Right D\n"; print_r(FALSE); print FALSE; echo "Where were they?\n"; First:6 Second: 0 Third: Wrong A Right B Right C Beware FALSE variables. They are detectable but not visible... Right D Where were they? Wednesday, Ju 28 Conditional - if • Logical operators ( == != < > <= >= && || ! ) • Curly braces
Wednesday, Ju 33 $fuel = 10; while ($fuel > 1) { print "Vroom vroom\n"; }
A while loop is a “zero-trip”
loop with the test at the top $fuel = 10; before the first iteration starts. while ($fuel > 1) { We hand construct the iteration print "Vroom vroom\n"; $fuel = $fuel - 1; variable to implement a } counted loop.
Wednesday, Ju 34 $count = 1; do { echo "$count times 5 is " . $count * 5; echo "\n"; } while (++$count <= 5);
A do-while loop is a “one- 1 times 5 is 5
trip” loop with the test at 2 times 5 is 10 the bottom after the first 3 times 5 is 15 iteration completes. 4 times 5 is 20 5 times 5 is 25
Wednesday, Ju 35 for($count=1; $count<=6; $count++ ) { echo "$count times 6 is " . $count * 6; echo "\n"; } 1 times 6 is 6 2 times 6 is 12 3 times 6 is 18 A for loop is the simplest 4 times 6 is 24 way to construct a 5 times 6 is 30 counted loop. 6 times 6 is 36
Wednesday, Ju 36 Loop runs while TRUE (top-test) Run after each iteration. Before loop starts
for($count=1; $count<=6; $count++ ) {
echo "$count times 6 is " . $count * 6; echo "\n"; } 1 times 6 is 6 2 times 6 is 12 3 times 6 is 18 A for loop is the simplest 4 times 6 is 24 way to construct a 5 times 6 is 30 counted loop. 6 times 6 is 36
Wednesday, Ju 37 Breaking Out of a Loop • The break statement ends the current loop and jumps to the statement immediately following the loop.
• It is like a loop test that can happen anywhere in the body
of the loop.
for($count=1; $count<=600; $count++ ) {
Count: 1 if ( $count == 5 ) break; Count: 2 echo "Count: $count\n"; Count: 3 } Count: 4 echo "Done\n"; Done Wednesday, Ju 38 Finishing an Iteration with continue • The continue statement ends the current iteration. jumps to the top of the loop, and starts the next iteration.
