Bilingualism: Name: 1. Nur Havizzah Suana 2. Suryani 3. Hotnida Simangunsong

BILINGUALISM
NAME: 1. NUR HAVIZZAH SUANA

2. SURYANI
3. HOTNIDA SIMANGUNSONG
HISTORY OF BILINGUALISM
• Bilingualism is the ability of a person or community member to use effective

two languages.
• The first decent study, a well-designed study that showed positive results for
bilingualism was published in 1962.
• Peal and Lambert conducted a study in Montreal comparing French-English
bilingual children with French monolingual children.
• They wanted to design the study properly and show that bilingualism was not
damaging children.
• They predicted that if they designed this study carefully, bilingual children
would perform the same as monolingual children on non-verbal tasks, but worse
than monolingual children on verbal tasks.
• Contrary to the initial predictions, what they found was that bilingual children
were just better on everything.
• So it was the first time there were positive effects of bilingualism in that study
was reasonably well-controlled – not perfectly, but reasonably.
• Through the 1990s the Bialystok group and other researchers started looking at
bilingual consequences for children inspired by the Peal and Lambert research in
order to see the conditions under which the Peal and Lambert results could be
replicated, to see if it could be shown in different groups and other conditions.
• These studies showed that on both linguistic and cognitive tests bilingual
children consistently showed these kinds of benefits over monolingual
children.
6 CATEGORIES FOR LEARNING LANGUAGE
1. Simultaneous acquisition occurs when, for example, a child learns several languages Simultaneously
within social environment. Also called Compound Bilingual.
2. Successive acquisition means. That different languages are learned at different stages during different
phases of life. Called Coordinate Bilingual when the two languages are equally used/ important or
Subordinate Bilingual when one language (Usually the mother/ Native Tongue) dominates the daily life.
3. Natural acquisition means that a language is learned without formal instruction.
4. Guided acquisition means that the knowledge of a language is acquired by means of instructions (e.g
learning at school)
5. Symmetric acquisition means that several languages are equally mastered with a similar proficiency.
6. Asymmetric acquisition means that one language the other.
ADVANTAGES OF BILINGUALISM
1. Access to a larger world
When you learn a language you also learn the culture. Being able to speak two languages means you are able to
speak to people in a different cultural and linguistic contex.
Bilinguals can use the right executive function of the brain more regulary in bilinguals wich makes it become
more effcient.
2.Better ability to focus

The part of the brain called the executive function, which is use for staying focused has proven to be stronger in
bilinguals. Every time a bilingual speaks, both language are actually active, and the brain has to work to
suppress one language while the other is being used. That mechanism employs the executive function of the
brain more regularly in bilinguals which makes it become more efficient.
3. Learning another language stretches your mind intellectually. When you learn another
language you have to focus on the structure of sentences. You have to recognise sound patterns
and make inference
4.Better at multitasking
Bilingual kids can switch from one activity to another faster and are better at doing multiple taks
at once than monolinguals, that is thnaks to the executive function of the brain, which gives
bilinguals better cognitive control over information that allows them to switch task.
5. More job opportunities
Fluency in more one language can open many does
DISADVANTANGES OF BILINGUALISM
1. The dominance of one language over the other. To speak one language more than the other, making one
of language dominant.
2. Prejudice : Bilinguals are not really as celebrated as we though they always were. Most of the people
thought of them as special, however,some people think of them as weird or strange individuals.
Immigrants,especially look different and are somehow still affiliated with their culture. They posses a
strange accent that gives them off and characterizes them as different.
3. Language Flunecy Delay: Most times, speech delay is often confused with language delay.According to
reserch, it has been discovered that speech delay is not as result of bilingualism, however sice an
individual is trying to learn or master two languages, he or she ( especially children) may take a longer
time being fluent in these languages resulting in language fluency delay. Monolingual children are
usually compared with their monolingual age group, without considering the fact that they have to learn
twice the vocabullary of their monolingual peers.In extreme cases,some children speak at all. However
if your child is in this category , don’t panic just yet, he should be able to speak in time.

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BILINGUALISM

NAME: 1. NUR HAVIZZAH SUANA

• Bilingualism is the ability of a person or community member to use effective

2.Better ability to focus

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