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    Gautam Gunjan
    This document discusses nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from diesel engines and methods for reducing NOx, specifically exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). It defines NOx as NO and NO2, explains how they form during combustion, and lists factors that affect NOx production. The document then describes how EGR works to reduce in-cylinder temperatures and thus NOx by diluting combustion gases with exhaust gas. It outlines the components of an EGR system, how EGR operation is controlled, and advantages and disadvantages of the technology. Finally, it discusses different methods for providing feedback on EGR flow to the engine control system.

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    No No

    Uploaded by

    Gautam Gunjan
    24 views21 pages
    This document discusses nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from diesel engines and methods for reducing NOx, specifically exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). It defines NOx as NO and NO2, explains how they form during combustion, and lists factors that affect NOx production. The document then describes how EGR works to reduce in-cylinder temperatures and thus NOx by diluting combustion gases with exhaust gas. It outlines the components of an EGR system, how EGR operation is controlled, and advantages and disadvantages of the technology. Finally, it discusses different methods for providing feedback on EGR flow to the engine control system.

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    egr-180106191058

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    This document discusses nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from diesel engines and methods for reducing NOx, specifically exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). It defines NOx as NO and NO2, explains how they form during combustion, and lists factors that affect NOx production. The document then describes how EGR works to reduce in-cylinder temperatures and thus NOx by diluting combustion gases with exhaust gas. It outlines the components of an EGR system, how EGR operation is controlled, and advantages and disadvantages of the technology. Finally, it discusses different methods for providing feedback on EGR flow to the engine control system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views21 pages

    No No

    Uploaded by

    Gautam Gunjan
    This document discusses nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from diesel engines and methods for reducing NOx, specifically exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). It defines NOx as NO and NO2, explains how they form during combustion, and lists factors that affect NOx production. The document then describes how EGR works to reduce in-cylinder temperatures and thus NOx by diluting combustion gases with exhaust gas. It outlines the components of an EGR system, how EGR operation is controlled, and advantages and disadvantages of the technology. Finally, it discusses different methods for providing feedback on EGR flow to the engine control system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Contents

    Introduction.
    What are NOx?? .
    Mechanism of NO and NO2 formation.
    Factors affecting NO emissions.
    How can NOx be reduced?.
    Components of EGR system.
    Working of EGR system.
    EGR operation schedule.
    Types of EGR control valves.
    Advantages and disadvantages of EGR.
    EGR feed back system.
    2 07/17/20
    21
    What are 𝑁𝑂𝑥?
    Nitrogen N2 and oxygen O2 molecules are
    separated into individual atoms of nitrogen and
    oxygen during the combustion process.
    Formation of NO and NO2.
    NO and NO2 collectively known as NOx .
    NO is the predominant oxide of
    nitrogen produced inside the engine
    cylinder.
    Diesel engines contain comparable amount of
    nitrogen then petrol engines.
    4 07/17/20
    21
    Mechanism of NO formation
    NO forms in both flame front and post flame
    gases.
    NO formation in post flame gases
    always dominates.
    Thermal NO: oxidation of molecular nitrogen
    in the post flame zone.
    Prompt NO: formation of NO in the flame
    zone (Fennimore mechanism).
    Fuel NO: oxidation of nitrogen-
    containing compounds in the fuel.
    O+ N2=NO +N
    N+O2=NO+O
    Zeldovich
    5 1/6/2018
    07/17/20
    mechanism N+OH=NO+H 21
    Mechanism of 𝐍𝐎𝟐 formation
     NO formed in the flame zone rapidly converted to
    NO2.
    NO+ HO2=NO2 +OH
    NO2+O=NO+O2
    Highest NO2/NO ratio occur at light load in diesel
    engine because of large cooler region.

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    21
    Factor affecting NO emission
     Fuel to air equivalence ratio
     Spark timing
     Burned gas fraction
    Residual gas fraction
    Recycled exhaust gas
    Change in time history of
    temperature
    Change in oxygen concentration

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    21
    NO formation with A/F

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    21
    NO variation with spark timing

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    NO variation with % EGR

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    21
    How can NOx be reduced?
     NOx formation is depends upon temperature
     When combustion flame front temperatures exceed
    2500°F (1370°C), NOx formation increases
    dramatically.
     The amounts of NOx formed at temperatures below
    2500°F (1370°C) can be controlled in the exhaust by
    a catalyst.
     To handle the amounts generated above 2500°F
    (1370°C), the following are some methods that have
    been used to lower NOx formation:
     Enrich the air–fuel mixture.
     Lower the compression ratio.
    11
     Dilute the air–fuel mixture (EGR). 07/17/20
    1/6/2018
    21
    NO vs temperature and ф
    High temperature and High oxygen
    concentrations result in high NO formation rate.

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    21
    Components of EGR system

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    21
    Working of EGR

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    EGR operating conditions

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    21
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    21
    Advantages of EGR
    Reduced NOx
    Improved engine life through reduced
    cylinder temperatures (particularly exhaust
    valve life)
    The exhaust gas, added to the fuel, oxygen, and
    combustion products, increases the specific heat
    capacity of the cylinder contents, which lowers
    the adiabatic flame temperature.
    Reduced throttling losses in SI engine.
    Reduced heat rejection.
    Reduced chemical dissociation.
    07/17/20
    21
    Disadvantages of EGR
     It reduces the available oxygen in the cylinder.
     Reduce the peak power available from the engine.
     The EGR valve can not respond instantly
    to changes in demand.
    Can not achieve perfect mixing in each
    cylinder.
    Combustion contamination.
    Control system stability.
    Materials and durability

    07/17/20
    21
    EGR Feed back
    The PCM needs to know when and how much
    EGR flow is present when commanded and not
    commanded. It have sensing systems called
    Feedback, which is simply some sensor used to
    determine presence of flow and amount.
    Types:
    PFE
    DPFE
    EVP

    07/17/20
    21
    PFE
    • PFE: Pressure Feedback
    EGR
    Components:
    1. PCM
    2. EVR
    3. EGR Valve
    4. Intake
    5. Exhaust
    6.EGR pressure
    measurement
    7. PFE sensor
    07/17/20
    21
    DPFE
    • DPFE: Delta Pressure Feedback
    EGR
    Components:
    1. PCM
    2. EVR
    3. EGR Valve
    4. Intake
    5. Exhaust
    6. EGR side signal
    7. Exhaust side signal
    8. DPFE sensor
    07/17/20
    21
    EVP
    EVP: EGR Valve Position
    Components:
    1. PCM
    2. EVR
    3. EVP
    4.Intake
    5.Exhaust

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    21
    Thank You

    07/17/20
    21

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