BASIC GENDER

CONCEPTS
AURORA R. CHAVEZ-DE GUZMAN
Executive Director, Malaya Ka, Inc
Member, NAPC Women Sector Council
Bicol Regional Devt. Council Private Sector Rep - Women
Member, Regional GAD Council

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THOUGHTS TO PONDER:
• What do I expect from this
lecture?
• What can I give or share?
• What will I benefit from this
lecture?
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A BIRD’S EYE VIEW:
• This is not a war of sexes (Male VS
Female)
• This is not anti-male
• Male and females are both victims. It’s
just that female are given less attention
• The role of females in the attainment of
gender equality is very important.
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PAINT ME A
PICTURE
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How much do we
understand the
concept of gender
equality?
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 SEX
and
GENDER

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WHAT IS SEX?
• It pertains to the physical characteristics
of a person (male or female)
• Biologically determined; God-given and
by nature
• Attached at birth
• Can never be changed
• It is connected with REPRODUCTION.
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WHAT IS GENDER?
• Feminine or Musculine
• Characteristics attached to your sex
(gender characteristics)
• Characteristics molded by culture and
society
• It is the basis for actions and attitude
out of ideas and beliefs.
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GENDERBREAD PERSON
1.Gender Identity (woman-ness or
man-ness) - how you, in your head,
define your gender
2.Gender expression (feminine or
masculine) – the way you present
through your actions, and
demeanor
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GENDERBREAD PERSON
3.Biological sex (female-ness or
male-ness) - the physical sex
characteristics you’re born with and
develop
4. Sexual Attraction (heart)–
sexually attracted or romantically
attracted
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 LGBTQIS
IS – born with any or several
variations in sex characteristics
(chromosomes, sex hormones,
genitals, etc.) that do not fit the
typycial definitions for male or
female bodies (UN Office of the
Higher Commissioner for Human
Rights)
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GLOBAL GENDER GAP report 2017
RANK SCORE
Iceland 0.878
Norway 0.830
Finland 0.823
Rwanda 0.822
Sweden 0.816
Nicaragua 0.814
Slovenia 0.805
Ireland 0.784
New Zealand 0.791
Philippines 0.790
• Philippines fell 3 notches (7th to 10th)
• Report was released by World Economic Forum
(Nov. 2, 2017)
• Ranked 144 countries based on 4 categories – 1)
Labor Force Participation; 2) Educational
Attainment; 3)Health & Survival and 4) Political
Empowerment
• Drop due to wage difference between men and
women for similar work done (from 7th to 21st)
• Re-opens a Health and Survival gender gap (first 17
 Since the beginning of
acknowledging the need for
gender equality, how close
are we into truly grasping
the success of having a
gender-bias free society?
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EQUALITY
VS
EQUITY

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What is gender equity?
• The process of being fair to women and
men (UNFPA)
• Fairness is the way women and men are
treated
• Serves to level the playing field and
empower women
• Equity is essential to achieve true EQUALITY

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 What is gender equality?
• Equal enjoyment by women and men of socially-valued
goods, opportunities, resources and rewards (UNFPA)
• no discrimination in opportunities and in access, control
and use of resources, on the basis of a person’s sex –
taking into consideration & accommodating different
needs and experiences
• about social relations between Women & Men
• means that Women/Girls and Men/Boys have equal
conditions for realizing their full potential and for
contributing to and benefitting from economic, social,
cultural and political development
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Importance of gender equality
• Everyone has human rights
• Poverty is a gender issue, 70% of world’s poor are women
and girls
• If half the population has restricted or limited access to
relevant learning opportunities, a community’s social and
economic development will be limited
• Necessary for sustainable human development (gender
equality linked with poverty reduction)
• Women & Men are both drivers of social and economic
development
• Commitments involves obligations (i.e. CEDAW)
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According to statistics from a study by the
World Bank:
women usually reinvest 90% of
their income in their families and
communities compared to men
who reinvest just about 30% to
40% of their income.
 Challenges in promoting gender
equality
• Changing socio-cultural
  values, beliefs and
attitudes takes time and often meets with
resistance
• Resistance because there is difficulty seeing
that a problem exists
• Change is required at the individual,
community, institutional and societal levels
• Existing power structures must change
GENDER RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE
• On Mainstreaming GAD –
1. Enforce compliance to GAD mainstreaming
policies
2. Enhance existing structural mechanisms to
accelerate mainstreaming of GAD
3. Localize GAD mainstreaming efforts
4. Enhance capability of local/regional GAD
practitioners/trainers to deliver GAD programs
5. Strengthen linkages and partnerships among
various stakeholders
GENDER RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE
• On enhancing women’s leadership roles
and participation in decision making –
1.Ensure equal representation of women in
decision-making process at local, regional,
national and international levels
2.Promote gender responsive management
and transformative leadership
 Different approaches to pursuing
gender equality
1. Women in Development (WID)
developed in 70s
• Objective to design actions and
policies to integrate women into
development which is mainly
focused on economy
 DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO
PURSUING GENDER EQUALITY
2. Gender and Development (GAD)
developed in 80s
• Objective to remove social, economic
and political inequalities between
Women & Men
• Most agencies are adopting the
gender and development approach
How? through Gender Mainstreaming
Gender mainstreaming is a process of
ensuring Women & Men have equal access
and control over resources, development
benefits and decision-making
•Not about only women taking action
•Not about only women benefiting from it
 How? Gender Mainstreaming
• “Mainstreaming a gender perspective is the
process of assessing the implications for women
and men of any planned action, including
legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas
and at all levels. It is a strategy for making
women's as well as men's concerns and
experiences an integral dimension of the design,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of
policies and programmes in all political,
economic and societal spheres so that women
and men benefit equally and inequality is not
perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve
gender equality.” – UN ECOSOC 1997
 GENDER MAINSTREAMING
• Gender neutral means not recognizing
that gender is an influencing factor in
social outcomes
• Gender-responsive means being
responsive to the different needs of both
Men/Boys and Women/Girls, as well as
actively trying to bring about more
equitable gender relations in a given
context
How? Gender Mainstreaming
• assessment and strategy
• does not replace the need for
targeted, women-specific policies
and programmes or positive
legislation
• Gender Analysis is the assessment
• Gender Planning is the strategy
 GENDER ANALYSIS
• Tool for collecting and processing
information about gender
• Provides data disaggregated by sex
• Looks at gender roles
• To ensure W/M benefit from resources
and development (policies/programmes)
• Anticipate and avoid negative impacts
 GENDER PLANNING
• Gender Planning refers to the
process of planning developmental
programmes and projects that are
gender-responsive and which take
into account the impact of differing
gender roles and gender needs of
W/M in a community/sector
 GENDER PLANNING
• Gender Planning involves selecting
appropriate approaches to address not
only W/M practical needs, but also
identifies entry points for challenging
unequal relations (i.e. strategic needs)
and to enhance gender-responsiveness
of policy dialogue
 GENDER NEEDS
• Women & Men have different gender
roles and gender needs

1.Practical Gender Needs (PGN)

2.Strategic Gender Needs (SGN)
 Gender Needs
1. Practical Gender Needs (PGN): needs that
women identify in their socially accepted roles
• do not challenge gender divisions of labour or
women’s subordinate position in society
• response to immediate and perceived
necessity, within a specific context
• practical in nature and often concern
inadequacies in living conditions, i.e. water
provision, education, health care and
employment
 Gender Needs
2. Strategic Gender Needs (SGN): needs that
women identify because of their subordinate
position in society
• vary according to the context (gender division of
labour, power and control)
• providing SGN help women achieve greater
equality and change existing roles, thereby
challenging women’s subordinate position
• more long term and less visible than PGN
• examples: legal rights, domestic violence, equal
wages, women’s control over their bodies
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 GENDER AND
DEVELOPMENT
PLAN
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THE CHALLENGE???
• We are all bounded by laws.
• The laws that we have established during
the past years still hinders us from truly
eliminating the factors that forbid women
from enjoying their rights and social status.
• We created our laws and culture therefore
we can change it for the benefit of both
male and female.

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THANK YOU!!!

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