Community Health: Aloka Manamudali Lecturer Nisd

COMMUNITY
HEALTH
ALOKA MANAMUDALI
LECTURER
NISD
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of this course students will be able to,
1. Identify the basic health related issues, health
problems and health services in Sri Lanka
2. Explain how individual, family and social behavior
influence the health of people
3. Explain the explanatory models on health
4. Formulate intervention strategies to improve the
health of individual, family and community
Course Contents
The concept of health
 What is health?
 Basic concepts – Disease, Illness and sickness
 Factors affecting the wellbeing
Different approaches to health

 Biomedical approach to health
 Psycho – Social perspective on health
Explanatory models on health : Three sectors of health care

 Popular
 Folk
 Professional Sector
 Health issues in Social Siences and Social Work perspectives – causative, risk
factors and prevention communicable disease and Non-communicable disease
(Nutrition, Maternal and child health, Adolescent, health aging, HIV/AIDS,
and other sexually transmitted diseases, Drug addiction and alcoholism,
Mortality and morbidity patterns in Sri Lanka)
 Relationship between Social Work and health
 Community health and Social Work with particular reference to Sri Lanka
 Health Policy and Social Work practice
 Role of Social Worker on health care delivery systems in Sri Lanka

Teaching Plan
• Classroom teaching - 30 hours
• Discussions - 15 hours
Evaluation System
Method Marks
Assignment and Presentation 20
Mid semester examination 20
End of semester examination 60
Total 100
WHAT IS HEALTH?
• Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity.
-WHO (1948)-
• Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective
of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing
social and personal resources as well as physical
capacities.
-WHO (1986)-
• Health is a ability of a body to adapt to new threats
and infirmities.
-The Lancent (2009)-
ELEMENTS OF HEALTH
•Physical Health
•Mental Health
•Social Health
PHYSICAL HEALTH
• Very much link with the word “Health”

• One element of individuals total health.
• State of your physical body and how well its
operating.
WHAT DO WE NEED FOR A
HEALTHY PHYSICAL HEALTH?
• Active lifestyle
• Healthy Diet
• Physical fitness
• Rest and sleep
• Not using alcohol and drugs
• Hygiene and Disease prevention
• Medical self-care
Why physical health is
important for us?
(Discussion)
MENTAL HEALTH
• A state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or
her own abilities, can cope with the normal stress of life,
can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make
contribution to his or her community.
-WHO-
• Mental health refers to a person’s emotional, social and

psychological well-being. It affects how we think, feel and
act.
• Mental health refers to individuals ability to enjoy life and
to cerate a balance between life activities and efforts to
achieve psychological resilience.
• Part of a full, active lifestyle.
• Not only absence of depression and anxiety.
• It is also depends on person’s abilities.
(Enjoy life, bounce back after difficult experience and adapt
adversity, balance different elements of life, feel safe and
secure, achieve their full potential)
WHAT DO WE NEED FOR A
HEALTHY MENTAL HEALTH?
• Get professional help if you need it.

• Staying positively and view rationally.
• Stop compare and worrying
• Getting physically active
• Connecting with others
• Getting enough sleep
• Religious and spiritual factors
•Why mental health is important for us?
•What is the connection between Physical and

mental health?
(Discussion)
SOCIAL HEALTH
• Ability to interact and form meaningful relationships

with others.
• Social wellness has both physical and mental benefits
• Social relationships protects our mental health

IF YOU ARE SOCIALLY HEALTHY,
• Having assertive skills

• Balancing your social and personal time
• Being engaged with other people in the community.
• Adapting in social situations
• To be yourself in all situation
• Treating others with respect
• Having fun in life
• Having a supportive network of family and friends
WHAT DO WE HAVE FOR A HEALTHY
SOCIAL HEALTH?
• Start with self-care
• Making friends
• Small talk
• Reaching out
• Find a community group
• Participate for public occasions
• Be a volunteer
Why social health is important for us?
(Discussion)
COMMUNITY
• A group of people living in the same place or
having a particular characteristics in common.
• A community is a social unit with commonality

such as norms, religion, values, customs or
identity.
• Social group of any size whose members reside
in a specific locality, share governments and
often have a common culture and historical
heritage.
• A group of people with diverse characteristics
who are linked by social ties, share common
perspectives and engage in joint action in
geographical location or settings
COMMUNITY HEALTH
Environmental, social and economic resources

to sustain emotional and physical well –being
among people in ways that advance their
aspirations and satisfy their needs in their unique
environment.
• A vital component of public health and its
something every individual can play a part in
improving.
• It’s a healthy lifestyle in order to protect the

community as a whole.
This help community members to maintain and
improve their health prevent the spread of infections
diseases and prepare for natural disasters.
FACTORS THAT AFFECT COMMUNITY
HEALTH
• Physical factors
(Geography, Environment, Community size,
Industrial development)
• Social and cultural factors

(Beliefs, Traditions, Prejudices, Economy, Politics,
Religion, Social norms, Social status)
• Community organizations
(Ability to organize to problem solve, health
promotions, health protection, health services
• Individual behavior
(Personal behavior)
HEALTH CARE
• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary
FACTORS AFFECTING WELLBEING
• Genetics
• Cognitive abilities
• Demographic factors
• Geographic location
• Culture
• Lifestyle and environment
• Health beliefs and practices
• Previous health experience
• Spirituality
• Support system
DISEASE
• Disease is a particular abnormal condition that

negatively affects the structure or function of all or
part of an organism, and that is not due to any
immediate external injury.
ILLNESS
• A feeling an experience of unhealthy which is
entirely personal, interior to the person of the patient.
Often it accompanies disease, but the disease may be
undeclared, as in the early stages of cancer or
tuberculosis or diabetes. Sometimes illness exists
where no disease can be found.
SICKNESS
• External and public mode of unhealthy. Sickness is a
social role, a status, a negotiated position in the
world, a bargain struck between the person
henceforward called sick and a society which is
prepared to recognize and sustain him.

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COMMUNITY

Different approaches to health

Explanatory models on health : Three sectors of health care

 Relationship between Social Work and health

 Health Policy and Social Work practice

 Role of Social Worker on health care delivery systems in Sri Lanka

• Very much link with the word “Health”

• Mental health refers to a person’s emotional, social and

• Get professional help if you need it.

•What is the connection between Physical and

• Ability to interact and form meaningful relationships

• Social wellness has both physical and mental benefits

• Social relationships protects our mental health

• Having assertive skills

• A community is a social unit with commonality

Environmental, social and economic resources

• It’s a healthy lifestyle in order to protect the

• Social and cultural factors

• Disease is a particular abnormal condition that

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