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    Dipole Moment

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    LATHA JANARTHANAN
    The document discusses dipole moments, which arise due to a separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. A dipole moment is a measure of the polarity of a chemical bond. It is a vector quantity that depends on the magnitude of the charges and the distance between them. In a polyatomic molecule, the overall dipole moment is calculated as the vector sum of the individual bond dipole moments.

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    Dipole Moment

    Uploaded by

    LATHA JANARTHANAN
    390 views11 pages
    The document discusses dipole moments, which arise due to a separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. A dipole moment is a measure of the polarity of a chemical bond. It is a vector quantity that depends on the magnitude of the charges and the distance between them. In a polyatomic molecule, the overall dipole moment is calculated as the vector sum of the individual bond dipole moments.

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    The document discusses dipole moments, which arise due to a separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. A dipole moment is a measure of the polarity of a chemical bond. It is a vector quantity that depends on the magnitude of the charges and the distance between them. In a polyatomic molecule, the overall dipole moment is calculated as the vector sum of the individual bond dipole moments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    390 views11 pages

    Dipole Moment

    Uploaded by

    LATHA JANARTHANAN
    The document discusses dipole moments, which arise due to a separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. A dipole moment is a measure of the polarity of a chemical bond. It is a vector quantity that depends on the magnitude of the charges and the distance between them. In a polyatomic molecule, the overall dipole moment is calculated as the vector sum of the individual bond dipole moments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    DIPOLE MOMENT

    • A dipole moment arises in any system in which


    there is a separation of charge. They can,
    therefore, arise in ionic bonds as well as in
    covalent bonds.
    • Dipole moments occur due to the difference
    in electronegativity between two chemically
    bonded atoms.
    DIPOLE MOMENT
    • A bond dipole moment is a measure of the
    polarity of a chemical bond between two
    atoms in a molecule. It involves the concept of
    electric dipole moment, which is a measure of
    the separation of negative and positive
    charges in a system.
    DIPOLE MOMENT
    • The bond dipole moment is a vector quantity
    since it has both magnitude and direction. An
    illustration describing the dipole moment that
    arises in an HCl molecule is provided below.
    DIPOLE MOMENT
    • It can be noted that the symbols 𝛿+ and
    𝛿– represent the two electric charges that
    arise in a molecule which are equal in
    magnitude but are of opposite signs. They are
    separated by a set distance, which is
    commonly denoted by ‘d’.
    IMPORTANT POINTS
    • The dipole moment of a single bond in a polyatomic molecule is known as the
    bond dipole moment and it is different from the dipole moment of the
    molecule as a whole.
    • It is a vector quantity, i.e. it has magnitude as well as definite directions.
    • Being a vector quantity, it can also be zero as the two oppositely acting bond
    dipoles can cancel each other.
    • By convention, it is denoted by a small arrow with its tail on the negative
    center and its head on the positive center.
    • In chemistry, the dipole moment is represented by a slight variation of the
    arrow symbol. It is denoted by a cross on the positive center and arrowhead
    on the negative center. This arrow symbolizes the shift of electron density in
    the molecule.
    • In the case of a polyatomic molecule, the dipole moment of the molecule is
    the vector sum of the all present bond dipoles in the molecule.
    MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION
    • A dipole moment is the product of the magnitude of the
    charge and the distance between the centers of the positive
    and negative charges. It is denoted by the Greek letter ‘µ’.
    • Mathematically,
    • Dipole Moment (µ) = Charge (Q) * distance of separation (r)
    • It is measured in Debye units denoted by ‘D’. 1 D = 3.33564 ×
    10-30 C.m, where C is Coulomb and m denotes a meter.
    • The bond dipole moment that arises in a chemical bond
    between two atoms of different electronegativities can be
    expressed as follows:
    • μ = 𝛿.d
    Dipole moment of BeF2
    • In a beryllium fluoride molecule, the bond angle between the
    two beryllium-fluorine bonds is 180o. Fluorine, being the more
    electronegative atom, shifts the electron density towards
    itself. The individual bond dipole moments in a BeF2 molecule
    are illustrated below.
    BORON TRIFLUORIDE
    POLYATOMIC MOLECULE
    WATER MOLECULE

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