PERFORMANCE TASK IN HEALTH

TEENAGE PREGNANCY

SUBMITTED BY: JOSHUA EMMANUEL LEDESMA

SUBMITTED TO: MME. FLORDELIZA HURBODA
 TEENAGE PREGNANCY
IN THE PHILIPPINES
 The Philippines’ population will reach 108.8 million in 2020, according to the
Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) estimate. More than 53 million are below 25
years of age, including 10.3 million adolescent girls (10-19 years old). Countries
with a “demographic window of opportunity” and large shares of young people,
such as the Philippines, have an opportunity to accelerate development if
strategic investments are made. This is a phenomenon known as the
“demographic dividend” which is discussed in Chapter 13 of the Philippines
Development Plan 2017-2022. This is exactly how countries like Japan achieved
economic growth – by reaping a demographic dividend by investing in health,
education, and employability of young people. Looking back in the 1970s, the
Philippines, Thailand, and Republic of Korea (South Korea) shared almost a
similar population – South Korea 32 million, Thailand 37 million, and the
Philippines 36 million. 50 years later in 2020, South Korea’s population has
increased by 59% to 51 million, Thailand by 189% to 70 million, and the
Philippines by 304% to 109 million. The ranking of GNI per capita of these
countries is the opposite to the population growth, with South Korea the highest
at 30,600 USD, Thailand at 6,610 USD and the Philippines at 3,830 USD,
according to the World Bank.
 CAUSE OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY
 Lack of information about sexual and
reproductive health and rights
 Inadequate access to services tailored to

young people
 Family, community and social pressure to

marry 
 Sexual violence
 Child, early and forced marriage, which can

be both a cause and a consequence 

 Lack of education or dropping out of school
EFFECTS OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY
 Results
 The adjusted odds of becoming pregnant between ages 14 and 19 for teens with
at least one older sister having a teenage pregnancy were 3.38 (99 % CI 2.77–
4.13) times higher than for women whose older sister(s) did not have a teenage
pregnancy. Teenage daughters of mothers who had their first child before age
20 had 1.57 (99 % CI 1.30–1.89) times higher odds of pregnancy than those
whose mothers had their first child after age 19. Educational achievement was
adjusted for in a sub-population examining the odds of pregnancy between ages
16 and 19. After this adjustment, the odds of teenage pregnancy for teens with
at least one older sister who had a teenage pregnancy were reduced to 2.48
(99 % CI 2.01–3.06) and the odds of pregnancy for teen daughters of teenage
mothers were reduced to 1.39 (99 % CI 1.15–1.68).
 Conclusion
 Although both were significant, the relationship between an older sister’s
teenage pregnancy and a younger sister’s teenage pregnancy is much stronger
than that between a mother’s teenage childbearing and a younger daughter’s
teenage pregnancy. This study contributes to understanding of the broader topic
“who is influential about what” within the family.
 HOW TO PREVENT TEENAGE
PREGNANCY
 How can teenage pregnancy be prevented?
 Abstinence
 This is when a person decides not to have sex until they are married.
 Some think this is old-fashioned, others think it is morally the best thing to do. Don’t worry what other’s
think - what do you think?
 Delaying Sex
 Many people feel that they don’t want to wait until marriage before having sex.
 At the same time they don’t want to rush into it and make costly mistakes. So they decide to delay
having sex until they are older, more responsible, in a stable relationship with one partner, have a job, or
have become independent of their parents.
 Does this sound reasonable to you?
 If you choose either abstinence or delaying sex, there are some further steps that will help to protect
you:
 Choose you friends carefully. Friends should want what is best for you, and they should respect your
decision not to have sex. Beware of friends who try and pressure you into having sex.
 Beware of situations, like a group of friends drinking or taking drugs that could lead to unsafe sex.
 Beware of partners who claim ‘You must sleep with me to prove you love me.’
 Listen and learn from those who have gone through teenage pregnancy. They know the mistakes and
disadvantages, and can help you to avoid making the same mistakes.
 Listen and learn from your parents about their life experiences. If they put restrictions on you, it is not
necessarily because they want to make you suffer. Usually, it is because they want the best for you, so
they do it to help and protect you.
If you decide that abstinence and delay sex are not the best decisions
for you, and you’d rather not wait before having sex, then you should
take time and effort to learn about the best means of protection:
Contraception
Contraception simply means using a method (mechanical or chemical)
to prevent pregnancy. There are various contraceptives that work in
different ways, but they are all designed to prevent pregnancy. Even if
you wish to practice abstinence of delay sex, it’s important to learn as
much as you can about contraception – knowledge is power.
 Know your HIV status
 What can I do if I’m pregnant?
 Take someone you trust with you and visit the Clinic to start antenatal care at
8 weeks (2 months) of pregnancy [rather – "miss one period and go to your
nearest clinic and check if you are pregnant or not" and start ANC] Why is this
necessary?
 Benefits of starting Antenatal care early
 Receive knowledge about pregnancy and HIV
 Voluntary counseling and HIV testing
 Health care worker will assist in developing a plan that is suitable for you and
your baby during antenatal, delivery and postnatal and you have to put this
plan into practice as soon a you can.
 Prevention mother to Chld Transmission (PMTCT) is available for all HIV
positive pregnant women.
 Eat healthy nutritious food, exercise, and get plenty of sleep.
 Avoid drugs and alcohol
 Prevent further sexually transmitted infections (STI’S, HIV) during Pregnancy
 Practice safe sex, use a condom
 Infant feeding counselling
 WHY TEENAGE PREGNANCY IS A
PROBLEM
 Early pregnancies among adolescents have major health consequences
for adolescent mothers and their babies. Pregnancy and childbirth
complications are the leading cause of death among girls aged 15–19
years globally, with low- and middle-income countries accounting for
99% of global maternal deaths of women aged 15–49 years. 3 Adolescent
mothers aged 10–19 years face higher risks of eclampsia, puerperal
endometritis and systemic infections than women aged 20–24
years. 4 Additionally, some 3.9 million unsafe abortions among girls
aged 15–19 years occur each year, contributing to maternal mortality,
morbidity and lasting health problems. 1
 Early childbearing can increase risks for newborns as well as young
mothers. Babies born to mothers under 20 years of age face higher
risks of low birth weight, preterm delivery and severe neonatal
conditions.4 In some settings, rapid repeat pregnancy is a concern for
young mothers, as it presents further health risks for both the mother
and the child.17
HOW TO PREVENT SDT,HIV AND
OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
INFECTIONS
 What can I do to prevent getting STDs and HIV?
 The only 100% effective way to avoid STDs is to not have vaginal, anal, or
oral sex. If you are sexually active, you can do the following things to
lower your chances of getting STDs and HIV:
 Choose less risky sex activities;
 Use a new condom, consistently and correctly, for every act of vaginal,
anal, and oral sex throughout the entire sex act (from start to finish);
 Reduce the number of people with whom you have sex;
 Limit or eliminate drug and alcohol use before and during sex;
 Have an honest and open talk with your healthcare provider and ask
whether you should be tested for STDs and HIV;
 Talk to your healthcare provider and find out if either 
pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, or post-exposure prophylaxis, or PEP,
is a good option for you to prevent HIV infection.