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    3 Solution Concentrations

    Uploaded by

    B R Y
    - Percentage solutions can be calculated by mass, volume, or parts per million/billion based on the amounts of solute and solvent. The percentage is calculated by taking the amount of solute divided by the total amount and multiplying by 100. - Molarity is calculated by taking the moles of solute divided by the total liters of solution. Moles of solute can be determined using molar mass and grams of solute. - Molality is calculated by taking moles of solute divided by kilograms of solvent. It does not depend on the total volume of the solution. - Normality indicates equivalents of solute per liter of solution and is often used for acid

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    3 Solution Concentrations

    Uploaded by

    B R Y
    142 views30 pages
    - Percentage solutions can be calculated by mass, volume, or parts per million/billion based on the amounts of solute and solvent. The percentage is calculated by taking the amount of solute divided by the total amount and multiplying by 100. - Molarity is calculated by taking the moles of solute divided by the total liters of solution. Moles of solute can be determined using molar mass and grams of solute. - Molality is calculated by taking moles of solute divided by kilograms of solvent. It does not depend on the total volume of the solution. - Normality indicates equivalents of solute per liter of solution and is often used for acid

    Original Title

    PPT 3 SOLUTION CONCENTRATIONS

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    - Percentage solutions can be calculated by mass, volume, or parts per million/billion based on the amounts of solute and solvent. The percentage is calculated by taking the amount of solute divided by the total amount and multiplying by 100. - Molarity is calculated by taking the moles of solute divided by the total liters of solution. Moles of solute can be determined using molar mass and grams of solute. - Molality is calculated by taking moles of solute divided by kilograms of solvent. It does not depend on the total volume of the solution. - Normality indicates equivalents of solute per liter of solution and is often used for acid

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    142 views30 pages

    3 Solution Concentrations

    Uploaded by

    B R Y
    - Percentage solutions can be calculated by mass, volume, or parts per million/billion based on the amounts of solute and solvent. The percentage is calculated by taking the amount of solute divided by the total amount and multiplying by 100. - Molarity is calculated by taking the moles of solute divided by the total liters of solution. Moles of solute can be determined using molar mass and grams of solute. - Molality is calculated by taking moles of solute divided by kilograms of solvent. It does not depend on the total volume of the solution. - Normality indicates equivalents of solute per liter of solution and is often used for acid

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    SOLUTION

    CONCENTRATIONS
    % = x 100

    •  
    and

    % = x 100

    Percentage by Mass
    Calculate the percent of the solution that contains 20
    grams of sugar in 250 grams of water.
    Given: mass of sugar = 20 g
    mass of solvent = 250 g
    Find: % soln
    •  
    Solution: % = x 100
    = x 100
    = x 100
    = 0.074 x 100
    = 7.41 % soln

    Example 1
    % = x 100

    and
    •  
    % = x 100

    Percentage by Volume
    If 15 mL of alcohol is added to 50 mL of water, what is
    the concentration of the solution.
    Given: volume of alcohol = 15 mL
    volume of water = 50 mL
    Find: % concn soln
    •  
    Solution: % = x 100
    = x 100
    = x 100
    = 0.231 x 100
    = 23.08 % concn soln

    Example 2
    • Parts per million
    1ppm = 1 mg of solute / 1L of solution

    • Parts per billion


    1ppb = 1 μg of solute / IL of solution

    Percentage by mass-volume
    Express the concentration of the solution in ppm that
    contains 5 mg of Mercury in 2 L of water.
    Given: mass of Hg = 5 mg
    vol of H2O = 2 L
    ppm =
    •  
    Find: ppm soln
    Solution: ppm =
    =
    = 2.5 or 2.5 ppm soln

    Example 3
    • Infant formula is often prepared from
    evaporated milk. In 1972, it was re
    imported that canned evaporated milk
    contained up to 3.2 ppm of Lead. At
    this concentration. How many grams of
    Lead are present in 8 oz (470 mL) of
    evaporated milk.

    Example 4
    Given: 3.2 ppm Pb
    470 mL milk
    1ppm =
    1L = 1000 mL
    •   1g = 1000 mg
    Find: g Pb
    Solution: 3.2 ppm Pb or

    470 mL milk x x
    = 470 mL milk x x
    =
    =
    •=  1.504 mg Pb x
    =
    = 1.50 x 10-3 g Pb
    M=
    •  

    Mole of solute (n) =

    Molarity
    Calculate the molarity of the solution that contains
    26.70 grams of glucose, C6H12O6 in 150 mL of solution.
    Given: mass of C6H12O6 = 26.70 g
    •   Volume of soln = 150 mL x = 0.15 L
    1L = 1000 mL
    Find: M
    Solution: M =

    Example 5
    MM: C = 6 x 12 = 72
    H = 12 x 1 = 12
    O = 6 x 16 = 96
    180 g/mol

    •  
    mole C6H12O6 =
    =
    =
    = 0.15 mol
    M=

    =
    •  
    =

    =1M
    How many grams of methanol (CH3OH) are added to water
    to prepare a 1.2 molar in 500 mL solution.
    Given: Volume of soln = 500 mL x = 0.5 L
    1.2 M soln
    1L = 1000 mL
    •Find:
      g CH3OH
    Solution: MM:
    C = 1 x 12 = 12
    H=4x1 = 4
    O = 1 x 16 = 16
    32 g/mol

    Example 6
    M=

    mol solute = M · L soln

    •n  = M · L soln
    = 1.2 x 0.5 L
    = (1.2) (0.5)
    = 0.6 mol CH3OH
    Mass of solute = moles of solute x Molecular Mass

    g CH3OH = mol CH3OH x MM CH3OH


    •   = 0.6 mol CH3OH x 32
    = (0.6) (32)
    = 19.2 g CH3OH
    1.) Determine the amount of Sodium Hydroxide
    (NaOH) dissolved in 400 grams of solution that is
    1.25% concentrated.
    2.) How many mL of water (H2O) is needed to
    prepare 400 mL of HCl solution that yields 12%
    concentration by volume?
    3.) If a 25 ppm Nitrogen dioxide in the air contains 25
    mg of the compound in every liter of solution. How
    many milligrams are contained in 2.5 L sample of
    the air?

    Activity
    4.) What is the molarity of each of the following
    solutions?
    a.) 3.6 g of HCl in enough water to make 500 mL
    of solution

    b.) 160 g of NaOH in enough water to make 6.0 L

    of solution
    5.) Suppose you have a supply of 3.0 M NaOH
    solution in your laboratory. You take 200 mL of
    this solution and evaporate this to dryness. How
    many grams of solid do you end up with?
    Molality
    A solution contains 15 grams of Silver
    Nitrate, AgNO3 in 200 grams of water.
    What is the molality of the solution?
    Given:

    Example 7
    If a 1.8 molal solution of nitric acid is needed
    in the experiment and 25 grams of the solute
    are available. How many grams of water must
    be added?

    Example 8
    Normality
    • A solution is prepared by adding 18 grams
    of Hydrochloric Acid to make 300 mL of the
    solution. What is its concentration in
    Normality?

    • What is the normality of a solution prepared


    by dissolving 196 grams of H2SO4 in
    enough water to make 100 mL of solution?
    What is the molarity of the solution?

    Example 4 and 5
    Exercises
    END…

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