Prayer in TLE

We thank you, Lord, for another beautiful day and the

opportunity to attend today's TLE class. We ask for forgiveness
for all we've done wrong and pray that you would use us to do
good. We also want to express our gratitude for all the blessings
we've received. Protect and guide us as we work with
different tools and equipment in our subject and assist us in
developing the skills we need in our everyday lives.
All of this we ask in the name of Jesus Christ, our Lord, and with
Mother Ignacia Del Espiritu Santo, Amen.
Checking of
Attendance
DRESMMAKING/
TAILORING
 Objectives:
1. identify the principles and elements of design.
2. differentiate the kinds of fabrics.
3. determine the types of sleeping garments and its
characteristics
4. acknowledge the effort of the dressmakers who
produce beautiful garments.
5. plan and design sleeping garment applying the
principles and elements of design.
Review
Genyo Game builder: Entrepreneurship
Activating Prior Knowledge
Students will design an outfit for each paper
doll using design elements and principles.
 Motivation
Are you now familiar with the differences
between each design principle and element?
Why are design principles and elements
essential in clothing?
Unlocking of
Terms:
 Terms:
1. Harmonious- having a pleasing combination of
design.
2. Fabrics- cloth or other material produced by
weaving or knitting fibers.
3. Upholstery- soft, padded textile covering that is
fixed to furniture such as armchairs and sofas.
 INTRODUCTION
It is a centuries-old craft that has been practiced for
thousands of years. According to some historians,
the history of dressmaking may be traced back to the
creation of needles. Garments made from woven
materials such as linen and silk were fashionable and
ubiquitous. Traditional definitions of the word dress
included all forms of apparel. In addition to making
women's dresses, modern dressmakers now produce
skirts, skirts, and pants.
01
Principles and
Elements of Design
Two basic ways which
design is applied
 Design by Printing
The application of dye or ink to the fabric's surface They are referred to as "prints." They are
frequently appealing because to the diversity of colors that may be mixed. The term "all-over print"
refers to when patterns are printed all over the cloth.
 Designs by Weaving

Permanent due to the application of “color-fast dyes” when the cloth is woven, They might be solid,
or a blend of colors weaved to produce unique designs. Striped designs employ multiple colors of
yarn and are usually straight because they produce a “grain line” on the cloth. Plaid is formed when
horizontal lines meet vertical lines to produce rectangles or squares. Tweeds are designs created by
combining several colors of nappy yarns to create speckled patterns.
Principles of
Design
 Proportion
1. The relationship in size between various parts and the whole.
 Balance
1. The arrangement of a design on a space resulting to sense of
equilibrium.
2. It is the equal distribution of weight from a central point or area.
3. There are three kinds of visual balance. They are the formal or
symmetrical balance, informal or asymmetrical balance and radial
balance.
 Formal or symmetrical balance
1. Is the equal visual weight of each side of an imaginary central
vertical line. It is achieved when each half of an object is exactly like
the other. A jacket with two breast pockets and two hip pockets is
formally balanced
 Informal or asymmetrical balance
1. When the design is balanced, but each side is different in some way.
It is achieved when the two halves of a whole are different, but seem
to be equal in weight or emphasis. For example, a jacket with a
breast pocket on one side can be balanced by a pocket on the hip of
the opposite side.
 Radial balance
1. Achieved when all parts of the design are at equal distance from a
central point. A man wearing a sun design on the front of his shirt
may have this king of design.
 Emphasis
1. Achieved by the designer’s ability to create a center of interest by
which the viewer’s eyes are directed to a specific area of a garment
or body part.
 Rhythm
1. is the repetition of an accent to create an interesting design.
2. Repeating an accent on different parts of the dress or one part of the
dress will achieve a design that is harmonious and visually united.
 Harmony
1. The pleasing and congruent arrangement of parts. It is the blending
of all components of design.
2. When the structural lines, decorative lines, colors and accessories all
relate to each other comfortably, harmony results.
Elements of
Design
 Line
1. Creates a visual dimension of length and width. When lines meet,
space is enclosed and a shape is defined. Lines direct the eyes to a
certain path of vision, or it can draw the eyes away from an
undesirable area of the body.
 Two kinds of Line Garments
1. The Directional line such as vertical, horizontal, diagonal,
checkered, broken and curved. These affect the height and size of
an individual. Lines are serving as clothing designs like the art of
printing flowers, dots and others on fabric.

Horizontal Diagonal Vertical

Line Line Line
With curved neckline Checkered
 Two kinds of Line Garments
2.Structural lines are found on necklines, armholes, hemlines, darts,
side seams, sleeves, collars, tucks and pleats of garments.

With bateau neckline With plunging neckline With cape collar

Skirt with pleats
 Color
1. The color of the dress easily attracts the client’s attention and
becomes her basis in choosing her apparel. It is the most powerful
element.
 Hue is the other name for color. It is the particular shade of color that
differentiates one from another.
 Primary colors are red, blue and yellow. They are the basic colors
where different colors originated.
 Secondary Colors: Green, orange and violet. These are the colors
formed by mixing the primary colors.
 Intermediate Colors stem from the combination of primary and
secondary colors.
 Tertiary colors are made by mixing either one primary color with one secondary color, or
two secondary colors. Tertiary colors are combination of full saturation of one primary
color plus half saturation of another primary color and none of a third primary color. They
have specific names, one set of names for the RGB color wheel and a different set of
names and colors for the RYB color wheel.
 Neutral colors are the white, black and gray and are predominantly grayish and
brownish. They are sometimes called “earth tones.”
 Space
1. Area inside an enclosed shape. The use of space can lead to an
interesting design. But the overuse of a space could make the design
confusing while an empty space could be unattractive and boring.
 Form or Shape
1. Form – is a volume space enclosed a surface.
2. Shape – is simply a flat space enclosed by a line.

Hourglass
Wedge Shape

Tabular Shape
Bell Shape

A Line Shape
 Texture
1. is the surface quality of an object, rough, smooth, silky, etc.

Soft Dress Stiff Dress

02
Types of Fabrics
and its Properties d
 Fabrics
1. Fabric is cloth made of fibers. Fibers are hair-like strands that are
wound to make yarn or thread used to make fabric. Fabric is the
cloth or material used in making our clothes, curtains, tablecloths
sheets and many other items.
 Two Types of Fabrics
Woven fabric Knit fabric
Woven fabric does not stretch Knit fabric has loops of fiber that
except on the bias. Woven fabric is allow the fabric to stretch. The
made up of fibers which run straight amount and the direction of
at ninety degree angles to each stretches are all variables. A knit
other. may stretch in one direction or it
may stretch in both directions.
Kinds of Fabrics, their Uses, Characteristics and Care
NATURAL FIBERS USES Characteristics Care
 
Vegetable Fibers      
A. Cotton Good for items The world's most Special for
that need to be popular fabric. It
washed often durable press
like sheets and Is cool to wear and
easy to wash and  
pillows, school
clothes, and sew. It is versatile, Maybe
work clothes. durable and
comfortable. machine

Inexpensive but laundered

shrinks and wrinkles
 
easily.
Avoid risk of
 
mildew
Kinds of Cotton USES Characteristics Care
Fabrics  
1. Canvas Used for crafts, Tightly woven Always use a mild soap
such as Ivory Snow, Dreft
home decorating heavy-duty cotton or Woolite
(curtains Air dry only
cushions and
outdoor gear)
 
2. Cotton Batiste For elegant A finely woven Wash by hand in cold
water, allow it to air dry
garments lightweight cotton hung on a hanger and
(blouses, baby Use straight iron on low heat,
covering with a press
dresses, and under stitch/jeans cloth.
linings)
presser foot and
60/8 or 70/10
machine needle
 
 
3. Broadcloth Perfect for shirts. Fantastic, closely Machine wash gentle
cycle separately in
woven cotton that warm water
has slight rib Use non‐chlorine
bleach if needed
Tumble dry low heat
then remove promptly
 

4. Cotton chintz For home 100 percent cotton. Machine washable

Needs
decorations Use warm water and
special fabric tumble dry on a low
(curtains and setting. Remove from
treatment that the dryer while still
cushions)
leaves it shiny damp and press from
the wrong side with a
and smooth medium iron. 
5. Cotton pique The most Medium weight Machine wash cold
with like colors.
common fabric cotton fabric that
Tumble dry low
used in the tie has raised nubby
Cool iron if needed
and waistcoat of surface
 
white tie

6. Cotton shirting Pajamas and Lightweight 100- Wash with similar

boxers. colours
percent cotton
Wash cold
that makes
Use the right amount of
fantastic detergent
menswear shirts Do not tumble dry
7. Cotton voile Mostly used in soft Crisp lightweight Wash by hand in cold water
furnishing such as
curtains, mosquito cotton used for Wash by hand in cold water
nets, and also in garments Iron on low heat, covering
dressmaking. with a press cloth

8. Denim Great for work clothes, One of the most Machine wash permanent
jeans and jackets. press cycle warm water
heavy-duty
Do not mix colors
cottons
Do not use chlorine bleach
Tumble dry warm
Remove immediately
Touch up with warm iron if
necessary
9. Seer sucker Used to make This falls into the Machine washable in cold
water
clothing for category of cotton
crinkles which have
spring and
surface texture.
summer wear
 
 

10. Terry cloth Used for robes, Thick, absorbent Wash with non-chlorine
bleach 
towels, cotton
allow to be dried only by the
beachwear and
natural air
home decorating
Store in a cool spot and away
from direct sunlight
 
11. Velveteen Used in Either a 100- To get rid of the
cat hair get
dressmaking percent cotton or
yourself a 
cotton blend, it has
lint brush and
a duller and slightly
brush only in the
stiffer look than
direction that the
velvet.
material feels
smooth
 
B. Linen Women’s and Very strong, cool to Iron at high
children’s wear, and usually temperature.
dresses and more expensive than
 
blouses cotton. Easily
wrinkled unless a Avoid pressing in
Summer dress
special finish is sharp creases.
Table linens and applied. Known as the
 
oldest fiber and used
other household
by the Avoid risk of mildew
fabrics
Egyptians thousands
of years ago. It comes
from the stem of a
very pretty plant
called flax.
 
 
 
Animal Fibers      
A. Silk- collected For high-end Strong and Dry cleaning is
preferred.
from the cocoon of silk clothing and luxurious fabric
worm. Maybe hand
accessories with natural luster;
washed in mild
Some moderately suds. Avoid over
expensive resilient and resists exposure to light.
wrinkling.
upholstery and Can be attacked
More expensive by insects.
drapery fabrics
than manmade
(filament) silky
Yarns
 
 
 
 Kinds of Silk Fabric USES Characteristics Care
 
1. China silk Used almost A very lightweight Either hand washing or
dry cleaning the silk
exclusively for silk blanket for the first 2/3
lining   times will preserve the
gloss of the satin and will
also soften the silk blanket
fibers. 
 
 
 
2. Brocade Luxurious fabrics Textured silk with In hand washing, always
use cool water and a mild
made into some stiffness detergent. Never scrub
clothing or wall vigorously, wring or twist
the garment.
hangings,
 
 
3. Chiffon Can be used in Lightweight, very Use a mild, gentle
detergent
all sorts of drapery silk .This
Wash with cold water and
garments is the fabric that goes with soak for 30 minutes
the flow.
Do not wring
 
 
4. Charmeuse Works well as a 1940s A slinky, satiny, Handwashing is always the
redux dressing gown, best and safest method
dresses and supple silk
Rinse well by running cool
blouses water through the item
until the water is no longer
  soapy.
  Do not wring
   
   
 
5. Crepe de Chine For making a full A light to medium Hand wash or delicate
mode in the washing
range of weight silk and machine. Soft gels are
garments comes in two-ply, better than soap powders
because they are less
three- ply, and four- ply (the aggressive and will not lead
heaviest) weights to bleaching
Hang it to dry and keep
away from direct sunlight. 
6. Dupioni For making Capri A stiffer and Add a mild soap like Ivory
pants or a fancy room powder or Woolite to the
divider crisper silk that water, stirring the solution
has telltale slubs and raised until it begins to lightly
yarn on the fabric; easy-to- suds
sew silk that adds a lot of Avoid clumping the
fashion flair material or pulling it out of
shape during the washing
process
 
 
 
7. Georgette Used for blouses, dresses, Lightweight silk Handwashing is always the
evening gowns, and trimmings best and safest method 
and barely visible
Do not wring. Instead,
press the water out of the
item.

8. Raw silk Woven into textiles Rough-looking silk with a Hand washing can
dull finish made from short preserve your raw silk's
silk filaments discarded as texture
waste but easy to sew and
has a distinctive look machine wash it as long as
your washing machine has
a delicate cycle. Use a
mild baby detergent
9. Washed silk A great travel The washing process Hand wash in cold water; do not wring. Use a
fabric makes this silk creamy gentle detergent without bleach, peroxide, or
and soft. citrus, since harsh additives can break down
the silk fibers. Hang dry or lay flat to dry.

10.Shantung For special Especially crisp and Dry clean for no more than 5 minutes in a high
occasion uses shiny silk solvent level with no moisture
Do not dry clean silks in the same load as heavy
fabrics, because the extra mechanical action
may cause chafing.
 
 
11.Taffeta For special occasion A crisp silk that Wash with cold water.
clothing wrinkles and swishes Use gentle detergent.
upon movement
Do not wring or twist garment to avoid damaging
the fabric and ruining the shape.
Hang to dry in a well-ventilated area not in direct
sunlight.
Use a low-heat iron if needed. 
Wool - made from the Perfect for tailoring Outerwear Medium- Use a gentle detergent and hand wash or machine-
weight clothing wash as directed by the clothing care label.
sleets of sheep blankets and upholstery
Springs back into Air dry only
shape
Requires little pressing;
with great versatility in
fabric and with
insulating
capacity
Kinds of Wool Fabric USES Characteristics Care
 
1. Boiled For blankets Made in similar fashion as If a boiled wool coat has just got
felt, but much richer and slightly dirty, it is fine to shake or
and jackets more supple. There’s no brush it out very carefully using a
need to finish the seam fine haired brush that will not
edges. damage the wool

2. Boucle Perfect for soft Has a distinctive Clean it in washing machine and
shaping in coats and add soap or detergent. Set to
sweater-like nubby delicate or gentle washing.
jackets
surface created Fill in with cold water
Dry the item on a clothesline,
with little loops drying rack or lay it on a large
towel on a flat surface.
When ironing, set to wool setting.
 
 
 
3. Challis Perfect for all types Medium to lightweight, it Hand wash or gentle wash on the
of is hand washable and machine in cool water and line dry
doesn’t wrinkle much. just to be safe, though it could
garments probably take low, gentle drying in
the machine
 
 
 

4. Crepe For scarves, shawls, Can be composed of into the soapy water and gently rub
and bonnet wool, silk, cotton, or over the crepe to work the detergent
trimmings synthetic. It varies in into the fabric
quality and it is
Perfect for making expensive. It is a Wring out.
shirts
beautiful fabric that Allow to air dry
drapes well and is Iron with warm iron
extremely wearable.
 
 
 
5. Gabardine Works well on A twill-weave fabric, hand  It is sensitive to water
washable and do not wrinkle temperature and agitation,
tailored and and it can shrink if not
constructed treated properly. Add 2
capfuls or a squirt of Wool &
garments Cashmere Shampoo to a
washbasin or sink filled with
cool water. For silk or
synthetic items, use Delicate
Wash

6. Melton Used for coats Thick and bulky Hand wash only
wool with a soft must be professionally dry
cleaned
napped surface but
Do not bleach
too thick to handle
Tumble dry on low heat
setting
 
7. Merino widely used in A very fine, expensive, Machine-wash on gentle
closely- woven wool made cycle in warm or cool
the textile from Merino sheep’s coats. water
industries Use mild soap, no bleach
or fabric softener
 
 

8. Worsted Used for tailoring Lustrous wool in a Some worsted wools are

jackets, skirts and woven so tightly that they
pants. variety of weights can stand up to gentle
washing in the machine
without changing the
“hand” of the fabric in any
way
 
 
Synthetic or Manmade Fibers USES Characteristics Care
 
a. Rayon Light and Soft, cheap and comfortable Hand washing to dry
fabric absorbent, lacks cleaning.
medium-weight clothing
resilience, wrinkles easily.
Tends to shrink and stretch
  Drapery and upholstery fabrics
Not easy to sew as plain unless proper chemical finish
Blankets, throw rugs and table cottons. is applied.
coverings
b. Polyester Wash and wear Strong and durable synthetic Can be washable or dry
fabric; dries quickly, with clean.
clothing- often in combination
sharp pleat and crease
with other fibers, especially Remove oily stains before
retention.
cotton Curtains, carpets, washing.
fiberfill, raincoats and hats. It is
Needs little ironing or
ideal for constructing strong
pressing. Use steam iron at
outerwear for damp climates.
warm setting.
 
 
c. Nylon Women's stockings It was first developed as a Remove oily stains
were the first substitute for imported before washing.
commercial use of silk. With exceptional
Washes easily; wash
nylon. Also used for strength, excellent
with care to maintain
clothing, upholstery elasticity; retains shape.
whiteness.
and carpet, rope, Woven fabrics feel
tents and fishing Press at low
uncomfortable in contact
line.
with skin. temperatures
Dry clean only.
d. Rubber Foundation Stretch and recovery rate Frequent washing in
garments is high mild suds; avoid
Swimwear Damaged by oils and light Constant overstretch at
high
With discoloration
temperature
e. Spandex Foundation garments; Stretch and May be machine
Swimwear, Surgical recovery rate is high Laundered with warm
hose, Ski pants and water
Resists abrasion and body
Other sportswear oils with discoloration Dry on lowest heat, shortest
cycle.

f. Acrylic Tailored outerwear; Resists wrinkling Remove oily stains before

washing.
knitted wear, pile High bulking power
fabrics, blankets and Washable or dry cleanable
Wool-like texture
carpets Medium iron temperature.
Very resistant to effects of
sunlight
03
Types of Sleeping
garments and its
Characteristics
 SLEEPING GARMENTS
1. It is a clothing designed to be worn while sleeping.
2. It also called as sleepwear, nightclothes or nightdress.
3. The style of nightwear may vary with the season.
 Characteristic of a Sleeping Garment
1. They should not exceed the maximum dimension specified in the
regulations for the chest, waist, seat, upper arm, thigh, wrist, or
ankle.
2. They should have no fabric ornament or trim, such as lace ribbon,
which extends more than ¼ inch from point at which it is attached
to the garment.
3. They should have sleeves that taper from the shoulder to the ends of
the sleeves.
4. They should have pant legs that taper from the thighs to the ends of
the legs.
 Characteristic of a Sleeping Garment
5. If they are 1-piece, they should taper from the chest down to the
waist ad from the seat up to the waist.

6. If they are 2- piece - the upper piece should taper from the chest
down to the bottom of the piece.
- if the upper piece has fastenings, it should be located within 6
inches to the bottom of the piece.
- it has a lower piece that tapers from the seat to the bottom.
 Characteristic of a Sleeping Garment
7. They should bear a permanent label stating the size of
garment.

8. They should bear a hang tag altering buyers that the

garments are not flame- resistant and should be worn snug
fitting because loose-fitting garments are more likely to
catch fire.
Types and selection of Fabric for Sleeping Garments
1. Adult jumpsuit or footed pajamas – it is usually made up of cotton. All- in-
one footed sleep suit worn by adults but like an infant one size or children’s
blanket sleeper.
2. Blanket sleeper- a warm sleeping garment for infants and young children.
3. Babydoll- A short, sometimes sleeveless, loose-fitting nightgown or
negligee for women, generally designed to resemble a young girl’s
nightgown. It is made up of sheer, or translucent fabric like nylon or
chiffon or silk. It is often trimmed with lace, ruffles, appliques,
marabou fur, bows, and ribbons.
4. Chemise- it is a delicate, usually provocative, loose-fitting sleeves,
shirt-like lingerie, it is similar to babydoll but tighter at the hips.
5. Negligee or negligée – from the French: negligée, literally meaning
“neglected”, loos, sensuous nightwear for women. And it is made of
sheer or semi translucent fabric and trimmed with lace.
6. Nightgown- it is a loose hanging nightwear for women. And
commonly made of cotton, silk, satin, or nylon.
7. Nightshirt-it is a garment that longer that the regular shirts, reaching
down to the thighs or bel ow the knees. It is generally loose- fitting to
avoid restricting the wearer ’s movement while sleeping.
8. Nightcap- a warm cloth cap worn while sleeping, often with pajama
or nightgown. It is usually made from cotton.
9. Pajamas- it is a loose- fitting two- piece garment for women, men
and children.
10. Dressing gown or Bathrobe- it is a long outer garment for women
usually sheer. They are sold with matching nightgown, negligee or
panties.
Action:
Why is it important for us
to identify the different
kinds and characteristics
of fabric?
ASSIGNMENT
As a future dressmaker plan and design
your own sleeping garment applying
the principles and elements of design
share it class via Genyo forum for
evaluation and feedback among other
classmates.
“Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and
they knew that they were naked; and they sewed
fig leaves together and made themselves loin
coverings.”

–(Genesis 3:7)
 Thanks!
Do you have any questions?

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