Oil and Gas - Black Gold!
Oil and Gas - Black Gold!
NASA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Moscow_traffic_congestion.JPG http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Oil_well.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ceratium_hirundinella.jpg en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oil_platform.jpg
Talk outline
Part 1: Origin – How do oil and gas form?
Practical: Non-Renewable Energy
Hydrocarbon
• Oil and gas are made of a mixture of
different hydrocarbons.
• As the name suggests these are large
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ceratium_hirundinella.jpg en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Copepod.
• Most oil and gas starts life as microscopic plants and animals
that live in the ocean.
Origin (3): Blooms
serc.carleton.edu/images/microbelife/topics/red_tide_genera.v3.jpg
Gas
Around 150°C, it is changed into a gas
Rising oil
Ancient Earth
The world’s main oil deposits all formed in warm shallow seas
where plankton bloomed but bottom waters were deoxygenated
Origin (9): Source of North Sea Oil
© Ian and Tonya West
Black Shale
Ancient Earth
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Windpark_Galicia.jpg en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oil_platform.jpg
Exploration and Production (1):
Oil Traps
• Some rocks are permeable
Impermeable and allow oil and gas to freely
pass through them
Earth Science World Image Bank Image #h5inor Earth Science World Image Bank Image #h5inpj
• Pipelines transport
most of the world’s oil
from well to refinery
Road tar
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Anacortes_Refinery_31911.JPG en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Crude_Oil_Distillation.png
USGS
Global oil and gas occurrences are now well understood (provinces
shown in green). Only Antarctica and the Arctic remain unexplored.
Practical Exercise 2
The Oil Prospector Game
Politics (1): Fuel source
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Shellgasstationlosthills.jpg
• 84% of crude oil is refined
into fuel, principally for cars
and planes
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:OECD-memberstates.png
• Outside OECD, the states of the former Soviet Union are also
major producers supplying a further 15% of global output
Politics (5): Supply and Demand
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:OilConsumptionpercapita.png
Era of
energy
crisis
Hubbert (1903-1989)
• In 1956, Hubbert predicted that global oil production would peak
around the Year 2000 and trigger an Energy Crisis with power
blackouts and rising costs of energy and fuel
Politics (7): Rising Oil Prices
$139 by June 2008
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oil_Prices_Medium_Term.png
Politics (8): Canada’s Tar Sands
NASA
i.treehugger.com/files/canada-tar-sands-01.jpg
OIL
• Oil and Gas emit 15-30% less CO2 than coal per watt of energy
produced. Renewable energy is clean but not yet viable as fuel.
Oil and Gas
NASA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Moscow_traffic_congestion.JPG http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Oil_well.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ceratium_hirundinella.jpg en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oil_platform.jpg