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    Direct Translation Techniques

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    Daniela Michelle Ojeda Valdivia
    The document discusses direct translation techniques including borrowing, calque, and literal translation. Borrowing involves using a word from the source language unchanged in the target language. Calque translates each part of a borrowed expression literally. Literal translation aims to translate words literally which can sometimes create unnatural translations.

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    Direct Translation Techniques

    Uploaded by

    Daniela Michelle Ojeda Valdivia
    214 views12 pages
    The document discusses direct translation techniques including borrowing, calque, and literal translation. Borrowing involves using a word from the source language unchanged in the target language. Calque translates each part of a borrowed expression literally. Literal translation aims to translate words literally which can sometimes create unnatural translations.

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    Direct translation techniques

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    The document discusses direct translation techniques including borrowing, calque, and literal translation. Borrowing involves using a word from the source language unchanged in the target language. Calque translates each part of a borrowed expression literally. Literal translation aims to translate words literally which can sometimes create unnatural translations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    214 views12 pages

    Direct Translation Techniques

    Uploaded by

    Daniela Michelle Ojeda Valdivia
    The document discusses direct translation techniques including borrowing, calque, and literal translation. Borrowing involves using a word from the source language unchanged in the target language. Calque translates each part of a borrowed expression literally. Literal translation aims to translate words literally which can sometimes create unnatural translations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    DIRECT

    TRANSLATION
    TECHNIQUES
    By: Michelle Valdivia
    ◦Translation is the process of replacing an
    original text, known as the source text within
    substitute one known as the target text .The
    process is usually an interlingual translation in
    that the message in the source language text is
    rendered as a target text in a different language.
    ◦Procedures are considered essential for
    translation and the translators need to use some
    procedures for the realization of a translation that
    might be objectively correlative to the original
    text both in form and content, some procedures
    are used by translators when they formulate an
    equivalence for the purpose of transferring
    elements of meaning from the source texts to the
    target text.
    ◦When structural and conceptual
    elements of the source language can be
    transposed into the target language the
    translator use direct procedures . The
    following are the main direct
    procedures or techniques :
    Borrowing ,Calque ,Literal Translation.
    Borrowing

    “This is the simplest, most straightforward technique in the translator's arsenal.


    It consists, in fact, in not translating at all and in conserving unchanged a word
    or an expression from the source language in the target language. It should not
    be a panacea and ought to be used pertinently and parsimoniously, to give the
    passage a note of local color or when no satisfactory equivalent exists”
    Examples:

    la Bibliothèque Nationale ... rue de Richelieu (the Bibliothèque Nationale ... the
    Rue de Richelieu), These are obligatory borrowings, since all cultural
    institutions, including famous streets, must be maintained in their original form.
    English does, however; apply its own rules of orthography to the borrowing,
    hence the capital letter of "Rue“

    More examples:
    -Software in the field of technology and funk in culture.
    Abbatoire, café, passé and résumé from French
    Calque

    Calque is a particular type of borrowing in which the translator borrows an


    expression from the source text by translating literally every part of the original
    elements. it can be in lexical or in structural the system of the target text . Sometimes
    calques work, sometimes they don't.
    Literal Translation

    Unlike the borrowing, the word-for-word or literal translation translates the word or the expression literally.
    This option occasionally creates the frequently false impression that one has avoided a lazy ,
    A word-for-word translation can be used in some languages and not others dependent on the sentence
    structure: In practice, literal translation occurs most commonly when translating between two languages of
    the same family, such as French and Italian, and works most efficiently when they also share the same
    culture. Despite seemingly limited scope of applications, this procedure is among preferred ways of
    translating in those functional contexts where more emphasis is laid on preserving the verbatim meaning
    of the original text than attaining stylistic elegance, which is often the case with legal translation.
    REFERENCES :

    1-Bakker, M., Koster, C. & van Leuven-Zwart, K. (1998). Shifts of Translation.


    In M. Baker (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Translation Studies (226–231). London:
    Routledge.
    2-Catford, J.C. (1965/2000). Translation Shifts [First published in 1965]. In L.
    Venuti (Ed.), The Translation Studies Reader (pp. 141–147). London:
    Routledge.
    3-Catford, J.C. (1965) A linguistic theory of translation: An essay in applied
    linguistics. Oxford University Press.

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