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    Summary Translation

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    Lenta Pandiangan
    The document discusses various translation procedures that translators can use when translating including: transliteration, borrowing, calque, transposition, modulation, reduction and expansion, adaptation, and additions, notes, and glosses. It provides definitions and examples of each procedure.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Summary Translation

    Uploaded by

    Lenta Pandiangan
    25 views2 pages
    The document discusses various translation procedures that translators can use when translating including: transliteration, borrowing, calque, transposition, modulation, reduction and expansion, adaptation, and additions, notes, and glosses. It provides definitions and examples of each procedure.

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    The document discusses various translation procedures that translators can use when translating including: transliteration, borrowing, calque, transposition, modulation, reduction and expansion, adaptation, and additions, notes, and glosses. It provides definitions and examples of each procedure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    25 views2 pages

    Summary Translation

    Uploaded by

    Lenta Pandiangan
    The document discusses various translation procedures that translators can use when translating including: transliteration, borrowing, calque, transposition, modulation, reduction and expansion, adaptation, and additions, notes, and glosses. It provides definitions and examples of each procedure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    TRANSLATION PROCEDURES

    Translation is a field of various procedures. translators can use various procedures with
    different interests. There are definitions of the most important procedures used by translators,
    such as:

    1. Transliteration
    This procedure refers to conversion foreign letters into the target language letter (TL). In
    fact, this operation usually concerns the right one names that have no equivalent in the
    target language text (TLT).

    2. Borrowing
    this procedure refers to a case where a word or an expression is taken from the source
    language and used in the target language, but in a 'naturalized' form, that is, it is made
    to conform to the rules of grammar or pronunciation of the target language.

    3. Calque
    in this procedure, the translator mimics in his translation structure or the mode of
    expression of the source language.

    4. Transposition
    this procedure is a grammatical change occurs in translation from the source language
    to the target language. Transposition consists of four types of grammatical changes,
    such as:
     concerns word's form and position
     transposition is usually used when the target language does not have the equal
    grammatical structure of the source language.
     the one where literal translation is grammatically possible but may not accord with
    the natural usage in the target language.
     translator uses a grammatical structure as a way to replace a lexical gap.

    5. Modulation
    Based on expert’s definition, Gérard Hardin and Gynthia Picot (1990), this procedure is a
    change in point of view that allows us to express the same phenomenon in a different
    way.
    modulation as a translation procedure occurs when there is a change in perspective
    accompanied by a change in the lexical of the target language.

    6. Reduction and expansion


    in reduction procedures, translators are more likely to reduce the number elements that
    make up the source language text. This procedure must respect the principle of
    relevance, this means that translators must ensure that no important information is
    dropped in the translation.
    Expansion procedures refers to the case where the translator exceeds the number of
    words of the source language text in translation.

    7. Adaptation
    this procedure is used as an effective way of dealing with culture-bound words and
    expressions, metaphors and images in translation. That is, the translator is forced
    rewrite the source language text according to the characteristics of the target language
    text.

    8. Additions, notes, and glosses


    this procedure is used by translators to add information about culturally bound words /
    expressions, or technical terms related to a particular domain. additional
    Information can be written as glosses at the end of the book, with the help of numbers
    reference.

    translation procedures are different in characteristics and uses. Each procedure has its own
    advantages that differ according to the texts under translation. translator may restrict himself
    to one procedure, or exceed it to two, three, or even four procedures in the same translated
    text, and this is what we refer to as couplets, triplets and quadruplets.

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