All about

Literature
Prepared by:
Yasmine M. Ramos
BSEd English III
LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

● Define literature;
● Identify the types of literature and give examples;
● Understand the comparison between,
Contemporary, Poetry and Emergent Literature;
● Enumerate and classify the Time/Period of
Literature.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 02 03 04
MAJOR TIME
LITERATURE TYPES OF CONTEMPORARY,
POETRY& AND ERA OF
DEFINITION LITERATURE
EMERGENT LITERATURE
LITERATURE
Introduction
 01
LITERATURE
DEFINITION,
ELEMENTS,
CLASSIFICATION
 LITERATURE
• Written works, • . Broadly speaking,
especially those "literature" is used to
considered of superior describe anything from
or lasting artistic creative writing to more
merit. technical or scientific
works, but the term is most
• a record of significant commonly used to refer to
human experiences works of the creative
written in words well- imagination, including
chosen and arranged works of poetry, drama,
fiction, and nonfiction
 LITERATURE
• Literature is an art that • Literature represents a
aims at producing beauty language or a people:
in writing and pleasure in culture and tradition. But,
the reader. literature is more important
than just a historical or
•  Literature is an
cultural artifact.
interpretation of life. The
writer of literature is not • Literature introduces us to
only interested in facts , new worlds of experience.
but also in the beauty of
these facts.
 IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE

EMOTIONAL INTELLECTUAL HUMANISTIC

APPEAL APPEAL VALUE

It is attained when It adds knowledge It can be attained when a

the reader is or information and literary work makes the
emotionally moved remind the reader reader an improved
or touched by any of what he has person with a better
literary work. outlook in life and with
forgotten.
a clear understanding of
his/her inner self.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF LITERATURE
INTERPRETATIVE LITERATURE
It is written for entertainment purposes that help us pass the
time in an agreeable manner

ESCAPE LITERATURE
It is written to broaden and sharpen our awareness in life.
 02
TYPES OF
LITERATURE
COLLECTION OF
PROSE, AND POETRY
TYPES OF LITERATURE
1. PROSE
• It consists written
works within the
common flow of
conversation
presented in a
straightforward
manner.
 TYPES OF PROSE

NOVEL SHORT-STORY PLAYS

This is a long narrative divided into this is a narrative This is presented on a
chapters. The events may be taken involving one or more stage, is divided into
from true-to-life stories and spans characters, one plot and acts and each act
for a long period of time. There are one single impression. has many scenes.
many characters involved.

LEGENDS FOLK TALES FABLES

Theses are fictitious narratives, These are also fictitious and they
usually about origins. It A traditional narrative, deal with animals and inanimate
provide historical information usually anonymous, things who speak and act like
regarding the culture and and handed down people. Their purpose is to
views of particular group of orally. enlighten the minds of children
people or country. to events that can mold their
ways and attitudes.
 TYPES OF PROSE
MYTHS ANECDOTE ESSAY
A traditional sacred These are merely This expresses the
story, typically products of writer’s viewpoint or opinion
revolving around the imagination and the of the writer about a
activities of gods main aim is to bring particular problem
and heroes, which out lessons to the or event.
aim to explain a reader.
natural
phenomenon or
cultural practice.
BIOGRAPHY NEWS
ORATION This is a report of
This is a formal treatment of This deals with the life of everyday events in
a subject and is intended a person which may be society, government,
to be spoken in public. It about himself, his science and industry,
appeals to the intellect, autobiography or that of accidents etc., happening
others. nationally or not.
Types of
2. POETRY

It is an imaginative
awareness of experience
expressed through
meaning, sound, and
rhythmic language
choices as to evoke
emotional response.
A. NARRATIVE
POETRY
This form describes
important events in life
either real or imaginary.
 A. NARRATIVE POETRY
METRICAL
EPIC TALES
This is a narrative which is
It is an extended narrative about written in verse and can be BALLADS
heroic exploits under supernatural classified either as a ballad or
metrical romance. ● This is considered as the
control. It may deal with heroes and shortest and simplest of
gods. The hero/heroine usually has the narrative poems. It
the following characteristics: has a simple structure
idealism, courage, wisdom, beauty, and tells of a single
endurance, chivalry and justice incident.
B. LYRIC POETRY
● Originally, this refers to that kind of
poetry meant to be sung to the
accompaniment of a lyre, but now,
this applies to any type of poetry
that expresses emotions and
feelings to poet. They are usually
short, simple and easy to
understand.
 B. LYRIC POETRY

FOLKSONG
ELEGY
● These are short poems ● This is a lyric poem which
intended to be sung. The expresses feelings of
common theme is love, grief and melancholy, and
despair, grief, doubt, joy, whose theme is death.
hope, and sorrow.

SONNETS ODE
● This is a lyric of poem ● This is a poem of a
of 14 lines dealing with noble feeling,
an emotion, a feeling or expressed with dignity,
an idea. There are two with no definite
types: Italian and the number of syllables
Shakespearean.
 B. LYRIC POETRY

PSALMS
● This is a song praising God or CORRIDOS
the Virgin Mary and
● These have measure of
containing a philosophy of
life. eight syllables and
recited to a martial beat.
The songs are often
AWIT(SONG) about oppressions, daily
● these have the measure life of peasant, and other
of twelve syllables and socially important
slowly sung to the information.
accompaniment of
guitar or banduria.
C. DRAMATIC POETRY
● This is an emotional piece of
literature which includes a story
which is recited or sung. Soliloquy
and dramatic monologues are the
main instruments of this form of
poetry.
 C. DRAMATIC POETRY
COMEDY TRAGEDY
This word comes from MELODRAMA
the Greek term This involves the hero
“Komos” meaning This is usually seen in
struggling mightily
festivity or revelry. musical play with the
against dynamic forces;
This form usually is light opera. Today, this is
he meets death or ruin
and written with a related to tragedy just
without success and
purpose of amusing, as the farce to
satisfaction obtained by
and usually has a comedy.
the protagonist in a
happy ending. It arouses immediate and
comedy.
intense emotion and is
usually sad but there is
a happy ending for the
principal character.
 C. DRAMATIC POETRY

FARCE SOCIAL POEMS

This is an exaggerated comedy. It This form is either purely

seeks to arouse mirth by comic or tragic and its
laughable lines; situations are pictures the life of
too ridiculous to be true; the today. It may aim to
characters seem to be bring about changes in
caricatures and the motives the social conditions.
undignifies and absurd.
 03
CONTEMPORARY,
POETRY,
EMERGENT
LITERATURE
 LITERATURE CONTEMPORARY POPULAR EMERGENT

1940’s-1960s- present
this period started at the Late 19th century to 20TH
LITERARY ERA Mid 20th -21st century(present
end of World War II century

In the modern parlance, the term

is associated with its academic
context, referring to the
The literature of the Popular literature enduring works of fiction,
contemporary period not contains writings that are
philosophy, history, etc. that
only refers to a intended for the masses
have been studied for
quality/style of writing and those that find favor
generations and shaped the
but also to poetry and with large audiences. The
DEFINITIONS foundations of our thought. Yet
prose, which includes verbal expression of
literature by its definition
works of fiction such as: human imagination;
includes any and all written
novels, novellas, One of the primary
means by which a culture works, a fact that has never
essays, and dramatic
transmits itself. been more relevant than in our
works
current Internet age, when the
written word is more accessible
and democratic than ever
before.
 LITERATURE CONTEMPORARY POPULAR EMERGENT

-originally from
ancient Sumerian
-Much of
times - 3000 BC.
contemporary Tracing its origin, mainly
-always been
literature comes from started from the Marxist
fascinated with
Western authors. movement (20th century), to
Romances.
-globalization opened Aesthetic movement, to
-And, after 1900, when
ORIGIN the door to include Feminist movement.
American Literature
contemporary works Science fiction, digital or
came to be
written by many cyber literature,
appreciated and
literary figures in the existentialism to realist
American writers
Middle East, Africa, movement and Modernism.
challenged the
and Asia.
dominance of British
writers in English
LITERATURE CONTEMPORARY POPULAR EMERGENT

C Literature based on
integration of a traditional and
H -Reality-based stories; technological driven form of
different views;
-Believable story-line, literature
A -Literature is art,
Although literature has to
R sometimes portraying a language, aesthetic,
change with society, authors
harsher reality or fictional, expressive and
A are still trying to address
degradation of affective.
C -Literature is everything
immutable human questions in
T society;---Current, new ways and reconcile them
in print, that means any
E modern setting; -Well- writing can be
with the ever-changing
defined, realistic, highly technology that surrounds us.
R categorized as literature.
developed” and strong The “death of print” has been
Popular literature serves
I character; and contains Social
much heralded over the past
S decade, precipitated by the
-Writing is “more function
rising accessibility of devices
T character driven than (Entertainment,social
like tablets and smartphones
I plot driven. and political, ideological,
that have made the electronic
C moral,educational and
medium cheaper and more
historical.
S universal
 LITERATURE CONTEMPORARY POPULAR EMERGENT
The New Emerging Genres
of Literature
1. Creative Nonfiction:
(personal essay,memoir,
literary journalism essay,
-Novels and poetry.
autobiography,travel
- Flash fiction, short
stories, slam poetry,
POPULAR writing,food writing,
LITERATURE profiles)
plays, memoirs, and
GENRES: 2. Descriptive Imagery
autobiographies can all be
1. Romance 3. Hypher Poetry
GENRE/ included in this category. 
4. Chick Literature
Nonfiction is usually not 2.Science Fiction
GENRES classified as literature, but 3.Detective Story
5. Illustrated and Graphic
Novel
this era sometimes 4.Comic Books 6. Text-talk Novels
includes works of  5.Comic Strip 7. Manga
creative nonfiction, which
tell a true story using 6. DRAMA 8. Digi Fiction
9. Doodle Fiction,
literary techniques.
Flashfiction
10. Blog
CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE 
(1940s – 1960s)
CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE 
(1940s – 1960s)
CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE 
(1940s – 1960s)
POPULAR LITERATURE 
(19th – 20th Century)
POPULAR LITERATURE 
(19th – 20th Century)
POPULAR LITERATURE (19th – 20th Century)
EMERGENT LITERATURE (21st century – present)
EMERGENT LITERATURE (21st century – present)
EMERGENT LITERATURE (21st century – present)
 04
PERIODS/ERA
OF
LITERATURE
LITERARY
PERIODS
Literary periods are spans
of time for literature
that shares intellectual,
linguistic, religious, and
artistic influences.
 I. The Classical
Period (1200 BCE -
455 CE)
I. HOMERIC or HEROIC
PERIOD
     (1200-800 BCE)
● Greek legends were passed
along orally, including Homer's 
The Iliad and The Odyssey. This
is a chaotic period of warrior-
princes, wandering sea-traders,
and fierce pirates.
 II. CLASSICAL GREEK
PERIOD
      (800-200 BCE)
● Greek writers, playwrights, and philosophers
include Gorgias, Aesop, Plato, Socrates, 
Aristotle, Euripides, and Sophocles. The fifth
century (499-400 BCE) in particular
is renowned as The Golden Age of Greece. This
was the sophisticated era of the polis, or
individual City-State, and early democracy.
Some of the world's finest art, poetry, drama,
architecture, and philosophy originated in
Athens.
 III.CLASSICAL ROMAN
PERIOD
        (200 BCE-455 CE)
● Greece's culture gave way to Roman power
when Rome conquered Greece in 146 CE. The
Roman Republic was traditionally founded in
509 BCE, but it was limited in size until later.
Playwrights of this time include Plautus and 
Terence. 
 III.CLASSICAL ROMAN
PERIOD
        (200 BCE-455 CE)
● After nearly 500 years as a Republic, Rome
slid into a dictatorship under Julius Caesar and
finally into a monarchial empire under 
Caesar Augustus in 27 CE. This later period is
known as the Roman Imperial period. Roman
writers include Ovid, Horace, and Virgil.
Roman philosophers include Marcus Aurelius
 and Lucretius. Roman rhetoricians include 
Cicero and Quintilian.
 IV. PATRISTIC PERIOD
       (c. 70 CE-455 CE)
● Early Christian writers include Saint Augustine, 
Tertullian, Saint Cyprian, Saint Ambrose and 
Saint Jerome. This is the period when Saint
Jerome first compiled the Bible, Christianity
spread across Europe, and the Roman Empire
suffered its dying convulsions. In this
period, barbarians attacked Rome in 410 CE,
and the city finally fell to them completely in
455 CE.
 IV. PATRISTIC PERIOD
       (c. 70 CE-455 CE)
● Early Christian writers include Saint Augustine, 
Tertullian, Saint Cyprian, Saint Ambrose and 
Saint Jerome. This is the period when Saint
Jerome first compiled the Bible, Christianity
spread across Europe, and the Roman Empire
suffered its dying convulsions. In this
period, barbarians attacked Rome in 410 CE,
and the city finally fell to them completely in
455 CE.
 II. The Medieval
Period
(455 CE-1485 CE)
 I. THE OLD ENGLISH
(ANGLO-SAXON) PERIOD
     (428-1066 CE)
● The so-called "Dark Ages" (455 CE -799 CE)
occured after Rome fell and barbarian tribes
moved into Europe. Franks, Ostrogoths,
Lombards, and Goths settled in the ruins of
Europe, and the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes
migrated to Britain displacing native Celts into
Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. 
 I. THE OLD ENGLISH
(ANGLO-SAXON) PERIOD
     (428-1066 CE)
● Early Old English poems such as Beowulf, 
The Wanderer, and The Seafarer originated
sometime late in the Anglo-Saxon period. The 
Carolingian Renaissance (800- 850 CE)
emerged in Europe. In central Europe, texts
include early medieval grammars,
encyclopedias, etc. In northern Europe, this
time period marks the setting of Viking sagas.
II. THE MIDDLE ENGLISH
PERIOD
      (c. 1066-1450 CE)
● In 1066, Norman French armies invaded and
conquered England under William I. This
marks the end of the Anglo-Saxon hierarchy
and the emergence of the 
Twelfth Century Renaissance (c. 1100-1200
CE). French chivalric romances--such as works
by Chretien de Troyes--and French fables--
such as the works of Marie de France and Jeun
de Meun--spread in popularity. Abelard and
other humanists produced great scholastic and
theological works.
II. THE MIDDLE ENGLISH
PERIOD
      (c. 1066-1450 CE)
● This often tumultuous period is marked
by the Middle English writings of 
Geoffrey Chaucer, the 
"Gawain" or "Pearl" Poet, the 
Wakefield Master, and William Langland.
Other writers include Italian and French
authors like Boccaccio, Petrarch, Dante,
and Christine de Pisan.
 IV. PATRISTIC PERIOD
       (c. 70 CE-455 CE)
● Early Christian writers include Saint Augustine, 
Tertullian, Saint Cyprian, Saint Ambrose and 
Saint Jerome. This is the period when Saint
Jerome first compiled the Bible, Christianity
spread across Europe, and the Roman Empire
suffered its dying convulsions. In this
period, barbarians attacked Rome in 410 CE,
and the city finally fell to them completely in
455 CE.
 III. The
Renaissance and
Reformation (1485-
1660 CE)
    I. Early Tudor Period
(1485-1558)
                        
● The War of the Roses ended in England
with Henry Tudor (Henry VII)
 claiming the throne. Martin Luther's split
with Rome marks the emergence of 
Protestantism, followed by Henry VIII's 
Anglican schism, which created the first
Protestant church in England. 
Edmund Spenser is a sample poet.
 II. Elizabethan Period
      (1558-1603)
● Queen Elizabeth saved England
from both Spanish invasion and
internal squabbles at home. Her
reign is marked by the early
works of Shakespeare, Marlowe, 
Kyd, and Sidney.
 III. Jacobean Period
        (1603-1625)

● Shakespeare's later work include 

Aemilia Lanyer, Ben Jonson, and 
John Donne.
 IV. Caroline Age
       (1625-1649)

● John Milton, George Herbert, 

Robert Herrick, the "Sons of Ben"
and others wrote during the reign
of Charles I and his Cavaliers.
 V. Commonwealth
Period/Puritan Interregnum
     (1649-1660)
● Under Cromwell's 
Puritan dictatorship, John Milton
continued to write, but we also
find writers like Andrew Marvell
 and Sir Thomas Browne.
IV. The Enlightenment
(Neoclassical) Period
(1660-1790 CE)
"Neoclassical" refers to the increased influence of
Classical literature upon these centuries. The
Neoclassical Period is also called the "Enlightenment"
due to the increased reverence for logic and disdain for
superstition. The period is marked by the rise of Deism,
intellectual backlash against earlier Puritanism, and
America's revolution against England.
 I. Restoration Period
    (1660-1700)
● This period marks the British king's restoration to
the throne after a long period of Puritan
domination in England. Its symptoms include the
dominance of French and Classical influences on
poetry and drama. Sample writers include 
John Dryden, John Locke, Sir William Temple, and 
Samuel Pepys, and Aphra Behn in England.
Abroad, representative authors include 
Jean Racine and Molière.
 II. The Augustan Age
      (1700-1750)

● This period is marked by the imitation of 

Virgil and Horace's literature in English
letters. The principal English writers include 
Addison, Steele, Swift, and Alexander Pope
. Abroad, Voltaire was the dominant French
writer.
 III. The Age of Johnson
       (1750-1790)
● This period marks the transition toward the
upcoming Romanticism though the period is still
largely Neoclassical. Major writers include 
Dr. Samuel Johnson, Boswell, and Edward Gibbon
 who represent the Neoclassical tendencies, while
writers like Robert Burns, Thomas Gray, Cowper,
and Crabbe show movement away from the
Neoclassical ideal. In America, this period is
called the Colonial Period. It includes colonial and
revolutionary writers like Ben Franklin, 
Thomas Jefferson, and Thomas Paine.
V. The Romantic
Period
(1790-1830 CE)
 The Romantic Period
(1790-1830 CE)
● Romantic poets wrote about nature,
imagination, and individuality in England
Some Romantics include Coleridge, 
Blake, Keats, and Shelley in Britain and 
Johann von Goethe in Germany. 
Jane Austen also wrote at this
time, though she is typically not
categorized with the male Romantic
poets.
 The Romantic Period
(1790-1830 CE)
● Gothic writings (c. 1790-1890) overlap
with the Romantic and Victorian
periods. Writers of Gothic novels (the
precursor to horror novels) include 
Radcliffe, "Monk" Lewis, and Victorians
like Bram Stoker in Britain. In America,
Gothic writers include Poe and 
Hawthorne.
 VI. The Victorian
Period and the 19th
Century
(1832-1901 CE)
VI. The Victorian Period & the
19th Century (1832-1901 CE)
● Writings from the period of 
Queen Victoria's reign include 
sentimental novels. British writers include 
Elizabeth Browning, Alfred Lord Tennyson, 
Matthew Arnold, Robert Browning, 
Charles Dickens, and the Brontë sisters. 
Pre-Raphaelites, like the Rossetti siblings
 and William Morris, idealize and long for the
morality of the medieval world.
VI. The Victorian Period & the
19th Century (1832-1901 CE)
● The end of the Victorian Period is marked by
the intellectual movements of Aestheticism
 and "the Decadence" in the writings of 
Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde. In America, 
Naturalist writers like Stephen Crane
 flourished, as did early free verse poets like 
Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson.
 VII. The Modern
Period (1914-1945 CE)
 VII. The Modern Period
(1914-1945 CE)
● In Britain, modernist writers include 
W. B. Yeats, Seamus Heaney, Dylan Thomas, 
W. H. Auden, Virginia Woolf, and 
Wilfred Owen. In America, the 
modernist period includes Robert Frost and 
Flannery O'Connor as well as the famous
writers of The Lost Generation (also called
the writers of The Jazz Age, 1914-1929)
such as Hemingway, Stein, Fitzgerald, and 
Faulkner.
 VII. The Modern Period
(1914-1945 CE)
● The Harlem Renaissance marks the rise
of black writers such as Baldwin and 
Ellison. Realism is the dominant fashion,
but the disillusionment with the World
Wars lead to new experimentation.
VIII. The Postmodern
Period (1945 -
onward)
VIII. The Postmodern Per
(1945 - onward)
● T. S. Eliot, Morrison, Shaw, Beckett, Stoppa
, Fowles, Calvino, Ginsberg, Pynchon, and
other modern writers, poets, and playwrigh
experimented with metafiction and
fragmented poetry. Multiculturalism led to
an increasing canonization of non-Caucasia
writers such as Langston Hughes, 
Sandra Cisneros, and Zora Neal Hurston.
VIII. The Postmodern Per
(1945 - onward)

● Magic Realists such as Gabriel García

Márquez, Luis Borges, Alejo Carpentie
Günter Grass, and Salman Rushdie
 flourished with surrealistic writings
embroidered in the conventions of
realism.
 THE END.

Thank you...
-yassie
REFERENCES
● https://mc.libguides.com/eng/literaryperiods
● Major Periods in English and American Literature
● https://
study.com/academy/lesson/emergent-literacy-definition-theories-characteristi
cs.html
● http://skisun.it/userfiles/files/76644542440.pdf
● https://
www.scribd.com/document/492517912/Module-in-Contemporary-Popular-an
d-Emergent-Literature-2
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgbVHjL8TvU