Play & Play Therapy

PLAY & PLAY
THERAPY
MRS. TINA ANN JOHN
ASSOC. PROFESSOR
CHILD HEALTH NURSING
HOSKOTE MISSION INSTITUTE OF NURSING
INTRODUCTION
Just as the adults work so does the child play. It is the business of
a child to play.
Through play the child grows, develop, learns and matures.
VALUES OF PLAY
• Physical value
• Intellectual value
• Moral value
• Creative value
• Therapeutic value
• Social value
PHYSICAL VALUE
• Muscular and sensory functions of young children develop through tactile

and visual and auditory stimulation derived from the colours and textures
of play items.
• Toddlers and young children enjoy larger muscle activity such as running,
climbing, jumping and exploration of their environment.
• School age children prefer more organized plays which helps them use
their muscular capabilities like competitive sports like bicycling, running.
INTELLECTUAL VALUE
• Children learn different shapes, sizes, patterns, textures,

numbers and names of objects.
• They learn to understand relationships and engage in problem
solving activities
• Distinguish between real and imaginary objects/ fantasies.
MORAL VALUE
• Cultural values like honesty, integrity, sportsmanship,

leadership and compassion are learned’.
• They assume responsibility for their actions.
• Adhere to group rules and understand unity and discipline in
team activities.
CREATIVE VALUE
• Children become creative when playing with manipulative

objects like clay, mud, paper.
• They develop creative skills when playing on their own.
THERAPEUTIC VALUE
• Play provides relieve from stress and tension.

• They use play to demonstrate their fears and helps parents or
health care givers to understand the emotional state of
children.
• They can express themselves through play.
SOCIAL VALUE
• Children develop their social skills when they play with children of their
age and also interact better in plays involving parents or elders which
helps them have better social interactions and relationships.
CLASSIFICATION OF PLAY
• Play is classified according to content and social character.

PLAY ACCORDING TO SOCIAL CHARACTER
1. Unoccupied play
2. Solitary /independent play
3. Onlookers play
4. Parallel play
5. Associative play
6. Cooperative play
UNOCCUPIED PLAY
• No play activity
• Lowest form of social play
• Child moves randomly like crawling around and under a chair, follows a person around or
just stands in a place.
SOLITARY/ INDEPENDENT PLAY
• Child plays alone and independent.

• Child doesn’t acknowledge what others are doing in the area.
• Concentrates on the play only.
• Infants and toddlers engage in this type of play.
ONLOOKER PLAY:
• Child only observes other children play but doesn’t involve in the play.
• He/she sit or stands in the area of play but doesn’t involve in it.
• May communicate.
• Younger children involve in such play.
PARALLEL PLAY
• A type of independent play where the child plays with similar or identical play items to
those used by other children nearby.
• Child plays alongside other children but not with them.
• They ,ay join or leave the group at will.
• Children of 2-3 years play in this manner.
ASSOCIATIVE PLAY
• Common among children of 3-4years.

• Social interaction occurs among children.
• They engage in similar activity.
• It involves leading and following, controlling the game, no attempts at organizing the
play.
• Interest in more in association with one another and not the play only.
CO-OPERATIVE PLAY
• Found in children of school-age 6-12 years.

• This is organized play and plays in groups.
• They discuss and plan the play to accomplish a goal or aim.
• The group is loosely made but a marked sense of belonging or not belonging s there.
• The leader and follower relationship is established.
PLAY ACCORDING TO CONTENT:
• This involves physical aspects of play as well the social relationships.

• It follows a simple to complex direction of play.
CONTENT OF PLAY
• Social affective play

• Sense pleasure play
• Skill play
• Unoccupied play
• Dramatic or pretend play
• Games
SOCIAL AFFECTIVE PLAY
• Play begins with social affective play where infants enjoy play with parents
• As adult interacts with infants through hugs, smiling, cuddling the infant learns to
respond through giggling, cooing.
SENSE PLEASURE PLAY
• A non- social stimulating experience.

• Objects in the environment like light, colour, smell, taste and odours attracts children’s
attention and gives sense pleasure.
• Pleasurable experiences are derived from raw materials like mud and water, sand, from
body motions like swinging, twirling and other senses such as smell and taste.
SKILL PLAY
• Children once they have a social relations through play and achieved a sense pleasure
play they move onto to achieving skills through play.
• Determined to become skilled.
• Pain and frustration may be felt
• Eg..Bicycling, Skating
UN OCCUPIED PLAY
• Children are not playful but focuses their attention on anything that catches their
interest.
• Children may day dream, fiddle with clothes, objects.
• It is not similar to onlooker as the child is not observing any activity as in onlooker play.
DRAMATIC OR PRETEND PLAY
• Also known as symbolic play

• Begins in late infancy 11-13 months to pre-school.
• Children act out events of daily life, learn and practice the role and identities of family
members and society.
TOY SAFETY AND SELECTION OF PLAY
MATERIAL
• Always read the warning label while purchasing toys for children.
• The toys used for younger children should have toxic-free paint and is free of small nuts and
bolts which could cause choking in younger children.
• Minute toys are to avoided in children younger than 5 years.
• Keep medicine and cleaning agents under lock and key always.
• Toys should have no sharp edges which can cause injury.
• The toys should be washable.
• The toys used should be age appropriate.
• Aggressive games are to be avoided in older children.
• Older children need to have protective gears during play
• All play should be under the supervision of an adult to avoid accidents and injury.

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PLAY & PLAY

• Muscular and sensory functions of young children develop through tactile

• Children learn different shapes, sizes, patterns, textures,

• Cultural values like honesty, integrity, sportsmanship,

• Children become creative when playing with manipulative

• Play provides relieve from stress and tension.

• Play is classified according to content and social character.

• Child plays alone and independent.

• Common among children of 3-4years.

• Found in children of school-age 6-12 years.

• This involves physical aspects of play as well the social relationships.

• Social affective play

• A non- social stimulating experience.

• Also known as symbolic play

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