The small intestine is the longest part of the alimentary canal, extending from the stomach to the large intestine. It is around 6 meters long and has three parts - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine digests food and absorbs nutrients. It is stabilized in the abdomen by the mesentery and receives its blood supply from branches of the superior mesenteric artery. The small intestine has various functions in digestion and absorption and its histological structure varies along its length.
The small intestine is the longest part of the alimentary canal, extending from the stomach to the large intestine. It is around 6 meters long and has three parts - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine digests food and absorbs nutrients. It is stabilized in the abdomen by the mesentery and receives its blood supply from branches of the superior mesenteric artery. The small intestine has various functions in digestion and absorption and its histological structure varies along its length.
The small intestine is the longest part of the alimentary canal, extending from the stomach to the large intestine. It is around 6 meters long and has three parts - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine digests food and absorbs nutrients. It is stabilized in the abdomen by the mesentery and receives its blood supply from branches of the superior mesenteric artery. The small intestine has various functions in digestion and absorption and its histological structure varies along its length.
The small intestine is the longest part of the alimentary canal, extending from the stomach to the large intestine. It is around 6 meters long and has three parts - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine digests food and absorbs nutrients. It is stabilized in the abdomen by the mesentery and receives its blood supply from branches of the superior mesenteric artery. The small intestine has various functions in digestion and absorption and its histological structure varies along its length.
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Small Intestine
Small Intestine • Is the longest part of alimentary canal • Extends from pylorus of stomach to ileocaecal junction. • Lenght about 6 metres long,greater in males than females,greater in cadaver(loss of muscle tones. • Function : digestion of food and absorption of nutrients. Fig 1 :Parts of smalll intestine Location of small intestine • Site : it occupies all abdominal region s except epigastric and hypochondriac region • Fixation :it is stabilized by mesentery (peritoneal fold attaching small intestine to posterior andominal wall) • Anatomical subdivisions: i)Duodenum Ii)Jejunum Iii)ieum Small Intestine-Duodenum • The shortest,widest and most fixed part of duodenum. • Extends from pylorus to duodenojejunal flexture. • It lies above level of umbilical , opposite 1st till 3rd Lumbar vertebrae. • Divided into 4 parts i)First (superior )part ii)2nd(descending)part iii)3rd(horizontal )part iv)4th (ascending)part Small Intestine :Jejunum n ileum • Jejunum begins at duodenojejunal flexture(L2) and ileum ends at ileocaecal junction. • Jejunum upper 2/5 and ileum lower 3/5 • Most jejunum in left upper quadrant n ileum in right lower quandrant. • Jejunum and ileum suspended from posterior abdominal wall by the mesentery. Differences between Jejunum &ileum Feature Jejunum Ileum 1.Location Upper and left parts of Lower and right parts of intestinal area intestinal area 2.Walls: Thicker &more vascular Thinner & less vascular 3. Lumen Wider and often empty Narrower and oftn loaded 4.Mesentery a.Windows present a.No windows b.Fat less abundant b.Fat more abundant c.Arterial arcades,1 or 2 c.Arterial archades,3 0r 6 d.Vasa recta longer and d.Vasa recta shorter fewer 5.Circular mucosal fold Larger and more closely set Smaller and sparse 6.Villi Larger,thick and abundant Shorter,thinner and less abundant 7.Peyer’s patches Absent Present 8.Solitary lymphatic fewer More numerous follicles Histology of small intestine • Wall of small intestine is made of the following layers: a) Serosa coat b) Muscular coat c) Submucosa coat d) Mucosa coat • Serosa: made of peritoneum • Muscular:made of smooth muscle fibers arranged in outer longitudinal and inner circular layers • Submucosa:contains loose CT and large venous plexuses(submucosa duodenum contains Brunner’s glands • Mucosa:composed of layer of epithelium,lamina proria &muscularis mucosa(Plicae circularis numerous in jejunum, Peyer’s patches present in ileum) Blood Supply of Small Intestine Duodenum Arterial supplly i)Upper half :Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery(gastroduodenal artery) ii)Lower half : inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery(superior mesenteric artery) Venous drainage i)Superior pancreaticoduodenal veins drain into portal vein(inferior vein joins superior mesenteric vein) Arterial supply of duodenum Blood Supply of Small Intestine Ileum and Jejunum Arterial supply • From branches of superior mesenteric artery • Intestinal branches arise from left side of the artery & run in mesentery to reach the gut. • They anastomose with one another to form as series of archades • Lowest part of ileum is supplied by ileocolic artery
Venous drainage • Veins correspond to branches of superior mesentery artery and drain into superior mesentery vein Arterial supply and venous drainage of Small Intestine Superior mesentery artery and its branches Lymphatic Drainage of Small Intestine Duodenum Lymphatic vessels follows arteries & drain: i)Upward via pancreaticoduodenal nodes> gastroduodenal node >celiac nodes ii)Downward via pancreaticoduodenal nodes > superior mesenteric nodes
Jejunum &ileum Mesenteric nodes >superior mesenteric nodes + aortic nodes Nerve supply of Small Intestine • Sympathethic T9-T11 Decreased motility Decreased secretion Motor to sphincters
