DisastermanagementCycle. Final

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
Julibel S. Mancera
Disaster Risk Reduction
Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is a concept in

disaster management that refers to the process
of reducing disaster risks through systematic
efforts to analyse and manage the causal factors
of disasters, including reduced exposures to
hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and
property, wise management of land and the
environment, and improved preparedness for
adverse events [Sec. 3(n), RA 10121].
Disaster Management
Continuum
Disaster management is a
process that aims to avoid or
reduce potential losses from
hazards; assure prompt and
appropriate assistance to victims of
disaster; and achieve rapid and
effective recovery (GDRC, 2008,
cited in Miththapala, S. 2008: p.
2 Phases of Disaster Management
1. Pre-disaster Phase
2. Post-disaster Phase
DISASTER PREVENTION
Disaster prevention includes activities
towards the establishment of safeguards
that avoid or stop the effects of a disaster
(Miththapala S. 2008). These activities
include the crafting of policies and
legislation on comprehensive land use,
urban planning and the preservation of
environmental integrity.
MITIGATION
Mitigation is a pre-disaster stage in
disaster management that aims to reduce the
risks from hazards. It ensures that measures
are undertaken to limit the adverse impact of
natural hazards, environmental degradation,
and technological hazards and to ensure the
ability of at-risk communities to address
vulnerabilities aimed at minimizing the
impact of disasters [Sec. 3(x) RA 10121].
Personal Mitigation
• is mainly about knowing and avoiding

unnecessary risks. This includes an
assessment of possible risks to
personal/family health and to personal
property.
The Goal Of Mitigation;
 Hazard identification and mapping

 Design and construction applications
 Land-use planning
 Financial incentives
 Insurance
 Structural controls.
PREPAREDNESS
Preparedness involves all activities that aim to
minimize the loss of human lives and destruction of
assets through the prompt and efficient actions to
response and rehabilitation (Miththapala, S., 2008).
Effective preparedness allows communities and
institutions to provide a quick and organized response to
disasters. Preparedness is the capacity developed by a
community to effectively anticipate, respond to, and
recover from the impacts of likely, imminent or current
hazard events or conditions (ADPC, 2009).
Disaster Drill and Exercises Emergency kit
Training & Exercises Storing food and water
Emergency Communication System

Drills & Exercises
The following are some of the means to plan for disastrous situations:
 Escape routes
 Family communications
 Utility shut-off and safety
 Insurance and vital records
 Special needs
Humanitarian Action
Humanitarian aid is material and logistic

assistance to people who need help. It is
usually short-term help until the long-term
help by the government and other
institutions replaces it. Among the people
in need are the homeless, refugees, and
victims of natural disasters, wars, and
famines.
RESPONSE
Response or “disaster relief” is the

provision of emergency services and
public assistance during or immediately
after the disaster in order to save lives,
reduces health impacts, ensure public
safety and meet the basic subsistence
needs of people affected (APDP, 2009).
Search & Rescue Emergency Relief
Providing emergency medical services Firefighting

Extrication
Extrication
Has evolved into a fire services

function in most of the country. In
addition to specialized technical and
trench rescue teams, fire services
have more experience with building
collapse and secondary hazards (eg,
floods, fires) than other organizations.
TriageTriage
is the allocation of limited resources
during a disaster. Triage is derived
from the French word “trier”, which
means separating, categorising or
classifying, and refers to the
categorization, classification, and
prioritization of patients and injured
people, based on their urgent need for
treatment.
Stabilization
is a process to help prevent

a sick or injured person from
having their medical condition
deteriorate further too quickly
before they can be treated in
depth at a medical facility.
Transport
Transport
Disasters are extraordinary situations

that require significant logistical
deployment to transport equipment
and humanitarian goods in order to
help and provide relief to victims. An
efficient response helps to reduce the
social, economic and environmental
impacts.
Goals of Emergency Response
• Control,reduce,or stop the cause

• Control situation and limit secondary
damage
• Continue operation and recovery
quickly
RECOVERY
This is the return into normal life of the

survivors of a disaster. It is the restoration and
improvement where appropriate, of facilities,
livelihoods and living conditions of disaster-
affected communities, including efforts to
reduce disaster risk factors. Recovery may
commence as a rehabilitation or reconstruction
of the communities affected.
Temporary Shelter Restoring Power
critical stress debriefing for

emergency responders and victims Debris Clearance
FOUR ELEMENTS OF RECOVERY
1. Community recovery (including

psychological recovery)
2. Infrastructure recovery (services and
lifelines)
3. Economy recovery (including financial
and political considerations, and business
continuity)
4. Environment recovery
Principles of disaster recovery and
reconstruction
1. Emergency phase
2. Transition or recovery phase
3. Reconstruction phase
Aim
The primary aim of recovery is to assist the
affected community to regain a proper level of
functioning following a disaster both initially
and in the long term. It is “the coordinated
process of supporting emergency-affected
communities in reconstruction of the physical
infrastructure and restoration of emotional,
social, and physical wellbeing” (Emergency
Management Australia, 2004).
EVALUATION
Disaster risk reduction managers must

conduct evaluation while recovery actions
are being implemented. The purpose of
this evaluation is to find out the strength
and weakness of an established disaster
management strategies as implemented in
a particular disaster incident context.
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT CYCLE
The Disaster management
cycle illustrates the ongoing process by
which governments, businesses, and
civil society plan for and reduce the
impact of disasters, react during and
immediately following a disaster, and
take steps to recover after
a disaster has occurred.
HUMAN RIGHTS AND
DISASTER
Climate change brought by global warming is
currently phenomenon causing natural disasters like
droughts, floods and bush fires in many parts of the
world. Likewise, war and terrorism are becoming
widespread causing unprecedented human sufferings
nowadays. Consequently, disaster management has
become international concern. However, this worldwide
and intensified response opened the gate for unintended
consequences like disregard or even abuse of the human
rights of people whose vulnerability and exposure to
hazard have diminished their capability to defend
themselves.
General Principles
1. SOLIDARITY
2. JOINT RESPONSIBILITY
3. NON-DISCRIMINATION
4. HUMANITY
5. IMPARTIALITY
6. NEUTRALITY
7. CO-OPERATION
8. PREVENTION
9. ROLE OF THE MEDIA
10. TERRITORIAL SOVEIGHTY

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DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is a concept in

• is mainly about knowing and avoiding

 Hazard identification and mapping

Training & Exercises Storing food and water

Emergency Communication System

Humanitarian aid is material and logistic

Response or “disaster relief” is the

Providing emergency medical services Firefighting

Has evolved into a fire services

is a process to help prevent

Disasters are extraordinary situations

• Control,reduce,or stop the cause

This is the return into normal life of the

critical stress debriefing for

1. Community recovery (including

2. Transition or recovery phase

Disaster risk reduction managers must

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