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    Computer Organization With Assembly Language

    Uploaded by

    Malik Talha
    The document discusses different number systems used in computers such as binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides details on how signed and unsigned integers are represented in binary. Additionally, it describes how to convert between different number systems including binary to decimal, decimal to binary, hexadecimal to decimal, and others. The document also covers binary arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction as well as hexadecimal arithmetic.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Computer Organization With Assembly Language

    Uploaded by

    Malik Talha
    52 views21 pages
    The document discusses different number systems used in computers such as binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides details on how signed and unsigned integers are represented in binary. Additionally, it describes how to convert between different number systems including binary to decimal, decimal to binary, hexadecimal to decimal, and others. The document also covers binary arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction as well as hexadecimal arithmetic.

    Original Description:

    COA lecture 03

    Original Title

    COA lecture 03

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    The document discusses different number systems used in computers such as binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides details on how signed and unsigned integers are represented in binary. Additionally, it describes how to convert between different number systems including binary to decimal, decimal to binary, hexadecimal to decimal, and others. The document also covers binary arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction as well as hexadecimal arithmetic.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    52 views21 pages

    Computer Organization With Assembly Language

    Uploaded by

    Malik Talha
    The document discusses different number systems used in computers such as binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides details on how signed and unsigned integers are represented in binary. Additionally, it describes how to convert between different number systems including binary to decimal, decimal to binary, hexadecimal to decimal, and others. The document also covers binary arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction as well as hexadecimal arithmetic.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

    WITH ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE


    Lecture: 03
    LECTURE OUTLINE
     Data Representation
     Binary
     Octal
     Decimal
     Hexadecimal
    NUMBER SYSTEM
     Any number system using a range of digits that
    represents a specific number. The most common
    numbering systems are decimal, binary, octal, and
    hexadecimal.
     Numbers are important to computers
     represent information precisely
     can be processed
    DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

    5
    BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM
     Binary numbers are base 2 numbers in which each binary
    digit is either a 0 or a 1.Each digit has a weighted value
    of 20 , 21, 22, 23, and so on.
     Binary integer can be signed(may be +ve or -ve)or
    unsigned(only +ve)
     Bit on the left is called the most significant bit (MSB)

     Bit on the right is called least significant bit(LSB)


    SIGNED INTEGERS

     A signed integer can be positive or negative.


     The most significant bit is reserved for the sign:
     1 means negative and 0 means positive.

     Example:
    00001010 = decimal 10
    10001010 = decimal -10

    7
    HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

    8
    CONVERSION BETWEEN NUMBER
    SYSTEM
     hexadecimal to decimal
     Binary to decimal

     Decimal to binary

     Decimal to hexadecimal

     Hexadecimal to binary

     Binary to hexadecimal
    CONVERTING HEXADECIMAL TO
    DECIMAL

     Multiply each digit of the hexadecimal number from right to


    left with its corresponding power of 16.
     Convert the Hexadecimal number 82AD to decimal number.

    10
    CONVERTING BINARY TO DECIMAL
     Multiply each digit of the binary number from right to
    left with its corresponding power of 2.
     Convert the Binary number 11101 to decimal number.

    11
    CONVERTING DECIMAL TO BINARY

     Divide the decimal number by 2.


     Take the remainder and record it on the side.

     REPEAT UNTIL the decimal number cannot be


    divided into anymore.

    12
    CONVERTING DECIMAL TO
    HEXADECIMAL
     Divide the decimal number by 16.
     Take the remainder and record it on the side.

     REPEAT UNTIL the decimal number cannot be


    divided into anymore.

    13
    CONVERTING HEXADECIMAL TO
    BINARY

     Given a hexadecimal number, simply convert each digit


    to it’s binary equivalent. Then, combine each 4 bit binary
    number and that is the resulting answer.
    CONVERTING BINARY TO
    HEXADECIMAL

     Begin at the rightmost 4 bits. If there are not 4 bits, pad


    0s to the left until you hit 4. Repeat the steps until all
    groups have been converted.
    BINARY ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
     Addition
     Like decimal numbers, two numbers can be added by
    adding each pair of digits together with carry
    propagation.

    11001 647
    + 10011 + 537
    101100 1184

    Binary Addition Decimal Addition

    16
    BINARY ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
     Subtraction
     Two numbers can be subtracted by subtracting each pair of
    digits together with borrowing, where needed.

    11001 627
    - 10011 - 537
    00110 090

    Binary Subtraction Decimal Subtraction

    17
    HEXADECIMAL ARITHMETIC
    OPERATIONS
     Addition
     Like decimal numbers, two numbers can be added by
    adding each pair of digits together with carry
    propagation.

    5B39
    + 7AF4
    D62D

    Hexadecimal Addition

    18
    HEXADECIMAL ARITHMETIC
    OPERATIONS
     Subtraction
     Two numbers can be subtracted by subtracting each pair of
    digits together with borrowing, where needed.

    D26F
    - BA94
    17DB

    Hexadecimal Subtraction

    19
    ONE’S COMPLEMENT
     The one’s complement of an integer is obtained by
    complementing each bit, that is, replace each 0 by a 1
    and each 1 by a 0.

    20
    2’S COMPLEMENT
     Negative integers are stored in computer using 2’s
    complement.
     To get a two’s complement by first finding the one’s
    complement, and then by adding 1 to it.

     Example
    11110011 (one's complement of 12)     
    + 00000001 (decimal 1)    
    11110100 (two's complement of 12)

    21

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