No 4 ESS Toll Switch: K.Manju Shree (2018504556)

No 4 ESS Toll
Switch
K.Manju Shree
(2018504556)
Table of contents
01 02
Introduction on System architecture
ESS toll switch the processor
the file store
the peripheral units.
03 04
Working
Advantages and
disadvantages
01
Introduction
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INTRODUCTION:
The Electronic Switching systems are operated with the help of a processor
or a computer which control the switching timings.
The instructions are programmed and stored on a processor or computer
that control the operations.
This method of storing the programs on a processor or computer is called
the Stored Program Control (SPC) technology.
New facilities can be added to a SPC system by changing the control
program.
The switching scheme used by the electronic switching systems may be either Space
Division Switching or Time Division Switching. In space division switching, a
dedicated path is established between the calling and the called subscribers for the entire
duration of the call. In time division switching, sampled values of speech signals are
transferred at fixed intervals.
The time division switching may be analog or digital. In analog switching, the sampled
voltage levels are transmitted as they are. However, in binary switching, they are binary
coded and transmitted. If the coded values are transferred during the same time interval
from input to output, the technique is called Space Switching. If the values are stored and
transferred to the output at a time interval, the technique is called Time Switching. A time
division digital switch may also be designed by using a combination of space and time
switching techniques.
System
architecture
1. the processor
2. the file store
3. the peripheral
units.
Processor
1. The processor acts as the CPU for the switch.

2. The processor includes a central control, call stores, and program stores.
In addition it had access to additional units through the auxiliary unit bus
(AUB) and peripheral unit bus (PUB).
3. A master control console (MCC) provides office technicians access to
the switch through the processor peripheral interface (PPI). Early
versions used the same 1A processor as the contemporaneous improved
1AESS switch.
4. All existing switches have been subsequently upgraded to use the 1B
processor.
File store and CNI ring
The file store provides long term storage (disk storage) of the processor programs
(program store) and office data (call store). It was first implemented using disk
technology but was replaced by the 4E attached processor system (4EAPS). The
4EAPS is a 3B computer running 4EAPS application software on the DMERT
operating system. The 4EAPS interfaces to the 4ESS processor via the attached
processor interface (API) units. The "1A file store" became partitions on the 3B
computer disks. At first the 4EAPS just provided "file store" but soon it also provided
access to the common-network interface ring (CNI ring) to provide
common-channel signaling (CCS). The 4EAPS originally used the 3B20D computer.
These were all converted to the 3B21D around 1995.
Peripheral units
The peripheral units include units that interface to the central control over
the peripheral unit bus. This includes the common channel interface
signaling (CCIS) terminal, signal processors, time-slot interchanges (TSI)
and time multiplexed switches (TMS). [3] It also includes equipment not
directly on the PUB including terminating equipment used to connect the
switch to the transport network and the TSIs and TMSs, which actually
perform the "time-space-time" switching function. Timing is provided by
a high speed, high accuracy network clock.
Working :
As shown in FiGURE , the basic structure of a No. 4 ESS maFix is time-space-time with
four stages in the space switch (i.e., a TSSSST) tl0, I ll.
The inputs to the matrix are l20-channel TDM links formed by multiplexing five DS I signals
together.
Before these inputs are interfaced to the matrix, they are passed through a decorrelator to
distribute the channels of incoming TDM trunk groups across multiple TDM links into the
matrix. Decoruelation isused because the No. 4 ESS is a toll switch in which the incoming
TDM links represent trunk groups from other switching machines.
In contrast to TDM links of an end office switch formed by multiplexing independent

subscriber channels, the channels of a TDM trunk group are not independently busy. In fact,
the act of concentrating multiple, independent sources onto a trunk group causes high levels
of correlation between the activity on the individual channel
If the channels of a trunk group were not decorrelated, they would
experience much higher blocking probabilities because they would all be
vying for the same paths through the matrix. Decorrelation shuffles the
trunk groups so the alternate paths available for any particular connection
are more likely to be statistically independent. Notice that, besides
shuffling channels, the decorrelator provides space expansion (7 to 8) and
time expansion (l20 to I28). The maximum size of the No. 4 ESS uses 128
decorrelators with seven 12O-channel inputs each. Thus the maximum
channel capacity is (128X7X120) = 107,520 channels. The space stage is
a 1024 x 1024 matrix with four possible paths provided during each of the
128 space stage time slot
Advantages
●The one-to-one relationship between the wall switch and the
lighting circuit is completely decoupled.
●Digital switches can occupy less wall space.
●Each button can be independently assigned.
●Greatly reduces the wiring work.
●Reconfigurable lighting layout.
●For large areas, one can install multiple switches in various
locations for convenience in operation.
●Remote monitoring and control .
Disadvantage
● A dedicated connection makes it impossible to
transmit other data even if the channel is free.
● Resources are not utilized fully.
● The time required to establish the physical link
between the two stations is too long.
● As a dedicated path has to be established for each
connection, circuit switching is more expensive.
Reference
1. Digital-telephony third-edition___john-c-bellamy
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._4_Electronic_Switchin
g_System
3. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/telecommunication_switc
hing_systems_and_networks/telecommunication_switchi
ng_systems_and_networks_switching_systems.htm
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No 4 ESS Toll

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1. The processor acts as the CPU for the switch.

In contrast to TDM links of an end office switch formed by multiplexing independent

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