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    SC Fdma

    Uploaded by

    Rajeev Shastry
    SC-FDMA is a modified version of OFDMA used for uplink transmissions in LTE networks. It uses DFT spreading to multiplex user transmissions over allocated frequency resources, reducing peak-to-average power ratio compared to OFDMA. SC-FDMA provides either frequency diversity through distributed subcarrier mapping or frequency selective scheduling gains using localized mapping. Uplink reference signals and channel dependent scheduling further improve performance by enabling coherent demodulation and adaptive resource allocation. SC-FDMA is well-suited for mobile uplinks due to its lower power requirements compared to OFDMA.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    SC Fdma

    Uploaded by

    Rajeev Shastry
    103 views32 pages
    SC-FDMA is a modified version of OFDMA used for uplink transmissions in LTE networks. It uses DFT spreading to multiplex user transmissions over allocated frequency resources, reducing peak-to-average power ratio compared to OFDMA. SC-FDMA provides either frequency diversity through distributed subcarrier mapping or frequency selective scheduling gains using localized mapping. Uplink reference signals and channel dependent scheduling further improve performance by enabling coherent demodulation and adaptive resource allocation. SC-FDMA is well-suited for mobile uplinks due to its lower power requirements compared to OFDMA.

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    80450926-sc-fdma

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    SC-FDMA is a modified version of OFDMA used for uplink transmissions in LTE networks. It uses DFT spreading to multiplex user transmissions over allocated frequency resources, reducing peak-to-average power ratio compared to OFDMA. SC-FDMA provides either frequency diversity through distributed subcarrier mapping or frequency selective scheduling gains using localized mapping. Uplink reference signals and channel dependent scheduling further improve performance by enabling coherent demodulation and adaptive resource allocation. SC-FDMA is well-suited for mobile uplinks due to its lower power requirements compared to OFDMA.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    103 views32 pages

    SC Fdma

    Uploaded by

    Rajeev Shastry
    SC-FDMA is a modified version of OFDMA used for uplink transmissions in LTE networks. It uses DFT spreading to multiplex user transmissions over allocated frequency resources, reducing peak-to-average power ratio compared to OFDMA. SC-FDMA provides either frequency diversity through distributed subcarrier mapping or frequency selective scheduling gains using localized mapping. Uplink reference signals and channel dependent scheduling further improve performance by enabling coherent demodulation and adaptive resource allocation. SC-FDMA is well-suited for mobile uplinks due to its lower power requirements compared to OFDMA.

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    SC-FDMA

    Single Carrier FDMA in LTE

    By JALLA. RAVIKUMAR

    Contents
    Introduction

    Overview of SC-FDMA
    SC-FDMA implementation in 3GPP LTE Peak power characteristics of SC-FDMA signals

    Uplink resource scheduling in SC-FDMA systems


    Summary and Conclusions

    Introduction
    Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA)

    promising technique for high data rate uplink communications in


    future cellular systems, which is a modified form of Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA). SC-FDMA is a modified form of OFDM with similar throughput performance and complexity.

    Cont..
    This is often viewed as DFT-coded OFDM where time-

    domain data symbols are transformed to frequency-domain


    by a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) before going through the standard OFDM modulation.

    Draw backs of OFDM


    The OFDMA waveform exhibits very pronounced envelope

    fluctuations resulting in a high peak-to-average power ratio


    (PAPR). Another problem with OFDMA in cellular uplink transmissions derives from the inevitable offset in frequency references among the different terminals that

    transmit simultaneously.

    Cont..
    A major problem with OFDM and OFDMA is high

    peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR)


    Transmitted amplitude with large variation Requires a linear amplifier at transmitter Linear amplifies consumes high power OK at base station

    For mobile station, this consumes battery


    LTE uses a solution for UL: SC-FDMA Single carrier transmission

    Overview Overview of SC-FDMA of SC-FDMA


    SC-FDMA is a new multiple access technique.

    Utilizes single carrier modulation, DFT-spread orthogonal


    frequency multiplexing, and frequency domain equalization.

    It has similar structure and performance to OFDMA.

    Frequency Domain Representation Of Downlink And Uplink LTE Access Technologies.

    TX and RX structure of SC-OFDMA

    Cont..
    SC-OFDMA is implemented in LTE using a Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM transmission (DFTSOFDM) which is commonly referred to as a frequencydomain generalization of SC-FDMA.

    The DFT is used to multiplex uplink transmissions in


    specific frequency allocation blocks within the overall system bandwidth according to eNodeB scheduler

    instructions.

    SC-FDMA Process
    After modulation, apply FFT
    Each symbol is on a subcarrier Put the subcarriers on selected location and apply IFFT Back to single carrier transmission Now add CP Receiver will do the reverse

    Why Single Carrier FDMA ?

    Sub Carrier mapping


    Two ways to map subcarriers; distributed and localized.
    Distributed mapping scheme for (total # of subcarriers) = (data block size) x (bandwidth spreading factor) is called Interleaved FDMA (IFDMA).

    Sub Carrier mapping


    Data block size (N) = 4, Number of users (Q) = 3, Number of subcarriers (M) = 12.

    Sub Carrier mapping

    Localized Vs. Distributed

    Less frequency diversity Low rate user may block a high-rate (broadband) user from the channel, especially if channel dependent

    Larger frequency diversity Low-rate and high-rate users coexist peacefully

    scheduling is used

    SC-FDMA implementation in 3GPP LTE


    LTE Frame Structure
    Two radio frame structures defined. Frame structure type 1 (FS1): FDD. Frame structure type 2 (FS2): TDD.
    A radio frame has duration of 10 ms. A resource block (RB) spans 12 subcarriers over a slot duration of 0.5 ms. One subcarrier has bandwidth of 15 kHz, thus 180 kHz per RB.

    LTE Frame Structure Type FDD frame structure

    LTE Resource Grid

    Length of CP

    LTE Bandwidth/Resource Configuration

    UL Overview
    UL physical channels

    Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)


    Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

    UL physical signals
    Reference signal (RS) Available modulation for data channel QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM

    UL Resource Block

    UL Reference Signal
    Two types of UL RS
    The first is Demodulation Reference Signals (DM-RS) which are used to enable coherent signal demodulation at the eNodeB. The second is Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) which is used to allow channel dependent (i.e. frequency selective) uplink scheduling as the DM-RS cannot be used for this purposes since they are assigned over the assigned bandwidth

    to a UE.

    UPLINK DEMODULATION AND SOUNDING CHANNEL REFERENCE SIGNALS (NORMAL CP MODE).

    Uplink Physical Channels


    Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)

    Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)


    Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

    Typical Number Of PUCCH Regions

    Peak power characteristics of SC-FDMA signals

    Channel Dependent Scheduling


    Another benefit for OFDMA The Base Station talks to many users at different directions Their fading channels are independent Subcarriers with high attenuation for user 1 may have good gain for user 2

    Uplink resource scheduling in SC-FDMA systems


    Channel-dependent scheduling Assign subcarriers to a user in excellent channel condition. Two subcarrier mapping schemes have advantages over each other. Distributed: Frequency diversity. Localized: Frequency selective gain with CDS.

    CDS(Channel Dependent Scheduling)

    Summary and Conclusions


    SC-FDMA is a promising technique for high data rate uplink communication in future cellular systems. Among the possible subcarrier mapping approaches, localized FDMA (LFDMA) with channel-dependent scheduling (CDS) results in higher throughput than interleaved FDMA (IFDMA).

    Thank You

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