TOGAF 9 Fundamental:: 4. BPMN Overview

TOGAF 9 Fundamental:
4. BPMN Overview
Romi Satria Wahono

romi@romisatriawahono.net
http://romisatriawahono.net/tfu
WA/SMS: +6281586220090
Romi Satria Wahono
• SD Sompok Semarang (1987)
• SMPN 8 Semarang (1990)
• SMA Taruna Nusantara Magelang (1993)
• B.Eng, M.Eng and Ph.D in Software Engineering from
Saitama University Japan (1994-2004)
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (2014)
• Research Interests: Software Engineering,
Machine Learning
• Founder IlmuKomputer.Com
• PNS di PDII LIPI (1994-2007)
• Founder dan CEO PT Brainmatics Cipta Informatika
2
Course Outline
1. Introduction
2. TOGAF Concepts
3. TOGAF ADM
4. BPMN Overview
5. UML Overview
6. TOGAF Case Study
3
4. BPMN Overview
4.1 What and Why BPMN
4.2 Swimlane
4.3 Connecting Objects
4.4 Flow Objects
4.5 Artifacts
4
4.1 What and Why BPMN
5
What is BPMN
• Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) is a
graphic notation that describes the logic of the steps
in a Business Process
• This notation has been especially designed to
coordinate the sequence of processes and messages
that flow between participants of different activities
• It was developed by the organization BPM Initiative,
made by the Object Management Goup (OMG)
• This means great possibilities for BPMN to become
the standard language regarding business processes,
like UML which has become the standard for
software modeling
6
Why BPMN?
• Permenpan No 12 Tahun 2011 tentang
Pedoman Penataan Tata Laksana (Business
Process) yang merekomendasikan BPMN
sebagai notasi untuk pemodelan business
process
7
BPMN Modeling Elements
• One of the guidelines for the development of
BPMN is to create a simple mechanism to diagram
process flows, which in turn can handle the
complexity inherent to business processes
• The approach taken to handle these two conflicting
requirements was to organize the graphic aspects
of the notation in specific categories
• This provides a category system that helps the
reader of a BPMN diagram to easily recognize the
basic types of elements and understand the
diagram
8
BPMN Elements
Flow
Objects
Artifact
Connectin
g Objects
Swimlan
es
9
10
11
12
4.2 Swimlane
13
BPMN Elements
ELEMENT DEFINITION BPMN NAME
Flow objects are the main graphic elements Events

Flow Objects that define the behavior of the processes Activities
Gateways
Connecting Flow objects are connected to each other by Sequence Flow

Objects means of connectors to create the basic Message Flow
framework of the business process structure Association
Swimlanes are mechanisms to arrange Pools

activities in separate display categories to Lanes
Swimlane illustrate the different functional areas or
persons in charge
Annotation
Artifacts are used to provide additional
information about the process. They provide Group
Artifacts
the notation with flexibility to express Data Object
different contexts properly
Data Store
14
Swimlane
• At certain times, it happens that an activity diagram
expands along more than one entity or player.
• When this takes place, the activity diagram is broken
down into swimlanes, where each lane represents the
entity or player carrying out the activity
• The lanes are used as a mechanism to arrange the
activities in separate display categories to illustrate
the different people in charge
• Three types are used in BPMN: Pool, Lane, and
Milestone (Bizagi)
15
Type of Swimlane
ELEMENT DESCRIPTION NOTATION
• A Pool is a container of a single Process (contains

the sequence flows between activities)
Pool
• A Process is fully contained within the Pool. There is
always at least one Pool
• Is a sub-partition within the Process
Lane • Lanes are used to differentiate elements as internal

roles, position, department, etc. They represent
functional areas that may be responsible for tasks
Is a sub-partition within the Process. It can indicate

Milestone different stages during the Process

16
Pool
• Represents a participant in a process
• A Participant can be:
• a specific Partner Entity (e.g., a company)
• A general Partner Role (e.g., a buyer, seller, or manufacturer)
• A pool is also can be defined as a container of a single
Process (contains the sequence flows between activities)
17
Lane
• A sub-partition within a pool, which will be
extended over of the pool horizontally or vertically
• In Bizagi, there are vertical lanes, also known as
phases. The lanes are used to arrange and
categorize activities
• Vertical line separating the different states within
the process
18
Milestone
• A milestone is a sub-partition within a lane and it is
extended over it vertically
• Milestone are used to arrange and categorize activities
showing the possible statuses that a process can have
during its life cycle
19
Tugas
• Buat Proses Pengajuan Kredit
• Masukan dua lane:

• Pemohon
• Bank
20
Proses Pengajuan Kredit
21
4.3 Connecting Objects
22
BPMN Elements

Gateways


persons in charge
Annotation
Artifacts
Data Store
23
Sequence Flow
• Sequence lines are used to show the order in which
activities will be carried out in the process
• They are represented by an arrow indicating “from”
and “to”
• Types of sequence flow include Normal, Original,
Default Flow
24
Type of Sequence Flow
ELEMENT DEFINITION NOTATION
The normal line refers to the path of the flow

between two shapes, and is not affected by
Normal Flow conditions. The simplest use of this shape is a
sequence between two activities.
This flow has a condition assigned that defines

whether or not the flow is used. It can be
Conditional Flow assigned to any shape in the process that
requires to evaluate a condition in order to
follow a certain path
For decisions bases on inclusive decisions or

data, a type of path of the flow is that of
Default Flow “default” conditions. This type of transitions
takes place only if all the other conditions are
false at the same time.
25
Example of Sequence Flow
In this process, there are normal sequence flows and
two sequence flow conditioned by an Exclusive
Gateway
26
Example of Sequence Flow
In this process, there is a Conditional Flow and a
Default Flow that evaluate if a Legalization was
successful or not
27
Message Flow
A Message Flow is used to show the flow of
messages between two entities that are prepared to
send and receive them
28
Association
An Association is used to associate information and
artifacts with flow objects
29
4.4 Flow Objects
30
BPMN Elements

Gateways


persons in charge
Annotation
Artifacts
Data Store
31
4.4.1 Events
32
Event
• An event is something that happens during
the course of the process, affecting the
process flow and normally has a trigger or
result
• Types of events are classified depending on
when they affect the flow
• Within each type of event, they are classified
as per the impact on the process flow
• For instance, some subtypes are: messages,
timer, cancellation, error, etc.
33
Type of Event
TYPE OF EVENT DEFINITION NOTATION
Start As its name suggests, it represents

the starting point of a process
This takes place between a start

Intermediate event and an end event. It will
affect the process, but it will not
cause it to start or end directly
End Indicates when a process ends
34
Start Events
35
Type of Start Event

Start Event
Indicates where a particular Process starts. It does not have any
particular behavior
Is used when a message arrives from a participant and triggers

Message Start Event
the start of the Process.
Is used when the start of a Process occurs on a specific date or

Timer Start Event
cycle time (e.g., every Friday)
Conditional Start This type of Event triggers the start of a Process when a condition
Event becomes true
The start of the Process is triggered by the arrival of a signal that

has been broadcast from another Process.
Signal Start Event
Note that the signal is not a message; messages have specific
targets, signals do not
Indicates that there are multiple triggers required to start the

Parallel Multiple Start
Process. ALL triggers must be triggered before the Process is
Event
instantiated
This means that there are multiple ways of triggering the Process.
Multiple Start Event
Only one of them is required 36
Message Start
• An active process sends a message to another
specific process in order to trigger its start
• Message Start is always a catch shape. That is, in
order to use a Message Start, there has to be a
Message Event that throws the message
37
Timer Start
A specific time-date (e.g. every Monday at 9am) can
be set in order to trigger the start of the process
automatically:
• an inventory process must be started every two months on
the 25th
38
Timer Start
39
Conditional Start
• The rule might be “If caller
ID indicates a friend or family
member.”
• When the rule evaluates to
true, the process is started
• In this process we answer
the phone, talk, and then
hang up the phone. But we
only do this if the call is from
a friend or family member
40
Multiple Start
• Our television watching process (turn
on tv, watch tv, turn off tv) could be
initiated because:
• we want to be entertained
• we want to be educated
• We might be turning it on at a precise
time, every morning, to check for school
closings
• We might just want the tv for background
noise while we do something else
• Since we care about how the process
is initiated, we use the multiple start
event instead of the none start event
41
Intermediate Events
42
Indicates where something happens somewhere between the
Type of Intermediate Event
Intermediate
Event
start and end of a Process. It will affect the flow of the Process,
but will not start or (directly) terminate the Process
Indicates that a message can be sent or received. If a Process

is waiting for a message and it is caught the Process will
Message Event continue its flow. A catch Message Event waits for a message
to arrive and once the message has been received, the
Process will continue.
Indicates a delay within the Process. This type of Event can be

Timer Event used within the sequential flow indicating a waiting time
between activities
Escalation Event The Event indicates an escalation through the Process
Enables the handling of compensations. When used within the

Compensation
sequential flow of a Process they indicate that compensation is
Event
necessary
Conditional Event This Event is triggered when a condition becomes true

43
Type of Intermediate Event

This Event is used to connect two sections of the Process.
Link Event Link Events can be used to create looping situations or to
avoid long Sequence Flow lines
These Events are used to send or receive signals within or

across the Process. A signal is similar to a signal flare that
Signal Event
is shot into the sky for anyone who might be interested to
notice and then react
This means that there are multiple triggers assigned to the
Event. When used to catch the trigger, only one of the
Multiple Event assigned triggers is required and the Event marker will be
unfilled.
This means that there are multiple triggers assigned to the

Parallel Event. Unlike the normal Multiple Intermediate Event, ALL
multiple Event of the assigned triggers are required for the Event to be
triggered
44
Timer Intermediate Event
• This shape represents a delay (period of time)
within the process
• The time can be defined at design time or as part of
the process data (Date or length in any unit of time)
• The duration is a Basic Property of the event. It is
constant
45
Message Intermediate Event
• The Credit Request process throws a message to start a
Sales process as soon as an offer is viable
• In the Process Modeler configure the throw and the
catch message so they have the exact same name
46
End Events
47
TypeIndicates
End Event
of End Event
when the Process ends
Message End Indicates that a message is sent when the flow has ended
Escalation End Indicates that an Escalation is necessary when the flow ends
Indicates that a named Error should be generated. All currently

Error End active threads of the Process are terminated. The Error will be
caught by a Catch Error Intermediate Event.
Is used within a Transaction Sub-Process. It indicates that the

Cancel End Transaction should be canceled and an alternative flow can be
performed.
Compensation Handles compensations. If an activity is identified, and it was

End successfully completed, the activity will be compensated.
Signal End Indicates that a signal is sent when the flow has ended
Multiple End This means that there are multiple consequences of ending the
flow. All of them will occur
Terminate End Ends the Process and all its activities immediately.
48
End Event
• This shape indicates a temporary end in the process
• It is used when, after an activity, intermediate event
or Exclusive Gateway (divergence element) nothing
else needs to be carried out
• Unlike the Terminate End Event, this shape does
not close the process directly unless there are no
pending tokens when it is reached, that is to say,
there are no more pending manual activities or
points waiting for something else to be done (for
instance, a Timer Intermediate Event)
49
Loan Request
• Suppose that parallel to the disbursement and preparation of the
credit cards, documents that are still at the office are filed
• The filing activity is not required and therefore, it may or may not
be carried out
• Once it is performed, the process should not end until the request
has been closed. In this case, after the Filing activity, an “End
Event” is included, indicating that after this activity, there is
nothing more to be done on this path
50
Terminate End Event
• Event that constitutes the end of the process
• There can be more than one in a flow. If a process
reaches this event, it will be closed
• All flows should have a Terminate End event, regardless
of whether they are referring to a process, a sub-
process or a module
• Note: The Terminate End event is an optional shape in
diagramming the process. However, it is advisable to
use it in the diagram
• A sequence flow goes into this shape (nothing ever
comes out of it)
51
None End and Terminate End Event
52
Message End Event
• This type of End indicates that a Message is
sent to a specific process or active case, at the
conclusion of the Process
• Message End is always a throw shape. That is,
in order to use a Message End, there has to
be a Message Event, or Message Start that
catches the message
• The Message End should be configured to
identify the target Process and the target
Element
53
Message End Event
54
Message End Event
• The shape that catches the message and the
Message End should have the exact same name
• Example: The Credit Request process throws a
message to start a Sales process as soon as the
process is finished
55
Tugas: Proses Penentuan Beasiswa
Buat BPMN dari proses penentuan beasiswa di Universitas
Suka Belajar:
1. Proses dimulai dari Administrasi universitas mengumumkan

lowongan beasiswa menggunakan berbagai media
2. Mahasiswa melakukan pendaftaran dan mengirimkan
dokumen persyaratan ke Administratif, yang kemudian
melakukan seleksi administratif
3. Komite Universitas melakukan seleksi (seleksi profile dan
seleksi wawancara)
4. Pengumuman hasil penerimaan beasiswa akan disebarkan
oleh Administrasi melalui berbagai media massa
5. Tugas terakhir dari Administrasi adalah melakukan pencairan
beasiswa
56
Proses Penentuan Beasiswa
57
Proses Penentuan Beasiswa
58
Mengumumkan Lowongan Beasiswa
59
4.4.2 Activities
60
BPMN Elements

Gateways


persons in charge
Annotation
Artifacts
Data Store
61
Activities
• Activities represent work or tasks carried out by
members of the organization
• This element stands for manual or automatic
tasks performed by an external system or user
• They are classified into:
1. Tasks
2. Sub-processes
• Sub-processes are distinguished by a plus sign at
the bottom center of the shape
62
Task
63
Type of Task
ELEMENTS DESCRIPTION NOTATION
Is an atomic Activity within a Process flow. It is used when

Task the work in the Process cannot be broken down to a finer
level of detail
Is a typical workflow Task where a person performs the Task

User Task
with the assistance of a software application
Is a Task that uses some sort of service that could be a Web

Service Task
service or an automated application
Is a Task designed to wait for a message to arrive from an

Receive Task
external participant (relative to the Process)
Is a Task designed to send a message to an external

Send Task
participant (relative to the Process)
64
Type of Task
Is a Task that is executed by a Business Process Engine. The
modeler defines a script in a language that the engine can
Script Task
interpret. Emails automatically sent to notify participant is an
example of script task
Is a Task that is expected to be performed without the aid of

Manual Task
any business process execution or any application.
Offers a mechanism for the process to provide input to a

Business Rule
Business Rule Engine and get the output of calculations that
Task
the engine might provide
Tasks may be repeated sequentially, behaving like a loop. The

Multi-Instance
Multi-instance Loop iterates a predetermined number of times.
Loop
The iterations occur sequentially or in parallel (simultaneously)
Tasks may be repeated sequentially, behaving like a loop. This

feature defines a looping behavior based on a boolean
Standard Loop
condition. The Activity will loop as long as the boolean
condition is true
65
User Task
• Is a typical workflow Task where a human
performer performs the Task with the assistance of
software application, and to be completed in a
certain amount of time
• Example: The following is the illustration of a Loan
request process with just User Tasks performed by
the commercial consultant in the office
66
Service Task
• Service Task is a task carried out by the system with
no human intervention. For instance, interfaces
with other systems and computer activities, among
others
• Example: The following figure displays a simplified
loan request process, in which there is an
automatic activity to verify whether or not the
client has been reported on a blacklist.
67
Send and Receive tasks
• Send and Receive tasks are throw and catch options used to
send a Message or receive a Message
• When used to throw (send) the message, the shape has an
arrow pointing to the right. When used to catch (receive)
the message, the shape has an arrow pointing to the left
• If a process is waiting for a message, it will be paused until
the message arrives or it will change the flow for exception
handling
• In order to use a throw Message, there has to be a catch
Message Event that catches the message. It can be a
Message Intermediate Event, a Message Start or a receive
Task
• The Send Task should be configured to identify the target
Process and the target Element
68
Script Task
• A Script Task is an automatic task in which a script is
executed by the server
• It has no human intervention and does not connect
to any external service
• In Bizagi this shape is recommended to send e-Mail
Messages or execute Scripting Expressions
69
Manual Task
• This is a Task that is expected to be performed
without the aid of any business process execution
engine or any application
• An example of this could be secretary filing physical
documents
70
Business Rule Task
• Offers a mechanism for the process to provide
input to a Business Rule Engine and get the output
of calculations that the engine might provide
71
• Buat BPMN dari proses penentuan beasiswa di
Universitas Suka Belajar
seleksi wawancara)
beasiswa
• Tentukan Task apa yang sebaiknya menjadi jenis:
User, Manual, Send, Receive, Script, Service, Business
Rule 72
Subproses
73
Subprocess
• A SubProcess is a set of activities that have a logical
sequence that meet a clear purpose
• A SubProcess is a process in itself, whose
functionality is part of a larger process
• When the sub-process is collapsed, the details of
the sub-process cannot be viewed (plus sign (+))
• When the sub-process is expanded, the details of
the sub-process can be seen within the limits
• A SubProcess can be defined as:
• Embedded
• Reusable
• Adhoc
74
Subprocess
75
Is an Activity which internal details have been modeled using
Type of Subprocess
Sub-process activities, gateways, Events, and sequence flows. The elements has a
thin border
Identifies a point in the process where a predefined process is used. A
Reusable reusable Sub-process is called a Call Activity in BPMN. The element
Sub-process has a thick border
A Sub-process is defined as an Event Sub-process when it is triggered

Event Sub- by an Event. An Event Sub-Process is not part of the normal flow of its
process parent Process - there are no incoming or outgoing Sequence Flows.
Is a Sub-process whose behavior is controlled through a transaction

protocol. It includes the three basic outcomes of a transaction:
Transaction Successful Completion, Failed Completion and Cancel Intermediate
Event
Is a group of activities that has no REQUIRED sequence relationships.

Ad-Hoc Sub- A set of activities can be defined, but the sequence and number of
performances for the activities is determined by the performers of
process
the activities
Sub-processes may be repeated sequentially, behaving like a loop.

Standard This feature defines a looping behavior based on a boolean condition.
loop The activity will loop as long as the boolean condition is true
Sub-processes may be repeated sequentially, behaving like a loop.
Multi- The Multi-instance Loop iterates a predetermined number of times.
Instance loop The iterations occur sequentially or in parallel (simultaneously)
76
Embedded SubProcess
• Embedded SubProcesses contain a set of activities
that are not independent of the Parent process
• They share the same information or data. They are
usually a section or module of a same process but
have a clear objective and so, can be defined with a
beginning and an end
• They do not need mapping data and cannot be
configured as multiple SubProcesses
77
Credit Application with Subprocess
78
Information Checking Subprocess
79
Credit Application with Expanded Subprocess
80
Reusable SubProcess
• Reusable Sub Processes contain a set of activities
that are independent from the Parent process,
which is the process that calls upon them
• The purpose of a reusable Sub Process is different
from the Parent process and can be considered as a
black box
81
• Buat BPMN dari proses penentuan beasiswa mahasiswa di
2. Mahasiswa melakukan pendaftaran dan mengirimkan dokumen
persyaratan ke Administratif, yang kemudian melakukan seleksi
administratif
3. Komite Universitas melakukan seleksi (seleksi profile dan seleksi
wawancara)
4. Pengumuman hasil penerimaan beasiswa akan disebarkan oleh
Administrasi melalui berbagai media massa
beasiswa
• Tentukan Task apa yang sebaiknya diubah menjadi
SubProcess dengan jenis: Embedded, Reusable
• Isi Sub Process di atas dengan flow baru
82
• Pada aktifitas pengumuman lowongan beasiswa,
ada proses yang lebih detail yang berisi:
• Membuat desain iklan lowongan beasiswa
• Menentukan media massa dan waktu penayangan
• Mengirimkan desain iklan lowongan beasiswa dan
melakukan pembayaran biaya iklan
• Gambarkan aktifitas di atas dalam bentuk subproses

dari task pengumuman lowongan beasiswa
• Tentukan task type yang tepat untuk masing-masing
task
83
Proses Mengumumkan Lowonan
Beasiswa
84
Ad Hoc Sub Process
• It is fairly common that businesses need to
manage unstructured processes (ad hoc)
rather than well predefined business
processes
• An ad hoc subprocess is one in which the
specified steps are defined, but the order of
operations is not
• Ad hoc processes consist of a series of
activities which cannot be predefined
85
Ad Hoc Sub Process
86
Ad Hoc Sub Process
87
administratif
wawancara)
beasiswa
• Tentukan Task apa yang sebaiknya diubah menjadi
SubProcess dengan jenis: Adhoc, Embedded, Reusable
• Isi Sub Process di atas dengan flow baru
88
Adhoc Subprocess
89
4.4.3 Gateway
90
BPMN Elements

Gateways


persons in charge
Annotation
Artifacts
Data Store
91
Gateway
• Gateways are used to control the divergence and
convergence of the flow. They determine
ramifications, bifurcations, combinations and
merges in the process.
• They are represented by a diamond shape. Internal
markers will show the type of control being used
• Icons in the diamond shape indicate the type of

behavior of the flow control
92
Type of Gateway
As Divergence: It is used to create alternative paths within the Process, but only one is
Exclusive chosen.
Gateway As Convergence: It is used to merge alternative paths.
Represents a branching point in the Process where the alternative paths that follow the
Event Based Gateway are based on Events that occur. When the first Event is triggered, the path that
Gateway follows that Event will be used. All the remaining paths will no longer be valid.
Is a variation of the Event based gateway and it is used to instantiate Processes. One
Exclusive Event the Events of the Gateway configuration must be triggered in order to create a Process
Based Gateway instance.
Parallel Event Unlike the the exclusive Event based Gateway, ALL the Events of the Gateway
Based Gateway configuration must be triggered in order to create a Process instance
As Divergence: is used to create alternative paths without checking any conditions.
Parallel Gateway As Convergence: is used to merge alternative paths, the gateways waits for all incoming
flows before it continues.
As Divergence: is used to control complex decision points in the Process. It creates
Complex alternative paths within the Process using expressions.
Gateway As Convergence: Allow continuing to the next point of the Process when a business
condition becomes true.
As Divergence: represents a branching point where alternatives are based on
conditional expressions. The TRUE evaluation of one condition does not exclude the
Inclusive
evaluation of the other conditions. All evaluations of a TRUE condition will be traversed
Gateway
by a token.
As Convergence: is used to merge a combination
93 of alternative and parallel paths.
Exclusive Gateway (Divergence)
As a divergence shape, the Exclusive Gateway is used
when two or more alternative paths appear at one
point in the process, and just one of them is valid at a
given time. Data-based decision of the system.
94
Exclusive Gateway
(Convergence)
 Three paths exit the parallel gateway (divergence element) and three
paths are subsequently synchronized
 If the exclusive gateway were not synchronized, four transitions would
enter the parallel gateway (convergence element) which would be wrong,
given the fact that the process would be waiting for 4 paths that would
never be completed 95
Event Based Gateway
• Indicates points of the process in which the Exclusive
Gateway is not based on process data, but rather on
external messages or events. This shape is used to
exercise control over the execution of certain
activities to the extent that it enables keeping them
available until one of them is executed
• Unlike the Exclusive Gateway, the activities that
come from this shape will always be triggered, that is
to say, their activation does not depend on system
data
96
Credit Application with Event-Based
Gateway
97
1. Proses dimulai dari Administrasi universitas mengumumkan lowongan
beasiswa menggunakan berbagai media
administratif
wawancara)
5. Tugas terakhir dari Administrasi adalah melakukan pencairan beasiswa
6. Calon penerima wajib mengirimkan surat kesediaan menerima
beasiswa dalam batas 1 minggu setelah pengumuman, supaya beasiswa
bisa mulai dicairkan
(letakkan di dalam Subprocess“Melakukan Pencairan Beasiswa”
• Tambahkan Event based Gateway untuk mendukung requirement
ke 5 98
Paralell Event Based Gateway
All the Events of the Gateway configuration must be
triggered in order to create a Process instance
99
• Buat BPMN dari proses penentuan beasiswa mahasiswa di Universitas
Suka Belajar
1. Proses dimulai dari Administrasi universitas mengumumkan lowongan
beasiswa menggunakan berbagai media
2. Mahasiswa melakukan pendaftaran dan mengirimkan dokumen persyaratan
ke Administratif, yang kemudian melakukan seleksi administratif
wawancara)
5. Tugas terakhir dari Administrasi adalah melakukan pencairan beasiswa
6. Mahasiswa mengajukan permohonan surat bebas narkoba, surat tidak
mampu dan surat kelakukan baik dari berbagai instansi. Dokumen-dokumen
tersebut adalah dokumen persyaratan. Masukkan sebagai subprocess di
Mengirimkan Dokumen Persyaratan (Lane: Mahasiswa, Polres, Kelurahan)
• Tambahkan Paralel Event based Gateway untuk mendukung
requirement ke 5
100
101
Parallel Gateway (Divergence)
• As a divergence element, this shape is used when
many activities have to be carried out at the same
time and in any order, which indicates that all
transitions or paths that exit this shape will always
be enabled
102
Parallel Gateway (Convergence )
• As a point of convergence, this shape is used to synchronize
paths that exit a Parallel Gate (convergence element)
• The Parallel gateway (divergence element) enables the flow
to carry on, only until all the transitions indicated have
reached the shape
103
administratif
wawancara)
beasiswa
6. Komite Universitas melakukan Seleksi Profile dengan menilai prestasi
akademik, non akademik dan kondisi keuangan mahasiswa
• Tambahkan Paralel Gateway untuk mendukung requirement ke 5
104
Parallel Gateway
105
• Buat BPMN dari proses penentuan beasiswa di Universitas
Suka Belajar
seleksi wawancara)
beasiswa
6. Setelah penerimaan, uang beasiswa akan dikirimkan ke
mahasiswa setiap bulan melalui ATM
• Terapkan parallel gateway, parallel event based gateway,
exclusive gateway, event based
106 gateway pada proses
Inclusive Gateway (Divergence)
• This shape is used when one or more paths are enabled based
on an Exclusive Gateway or work flow control data
• When you use a Inclusive Gateway (divergence element),
make sure there is at least one valid path. If not, add a
transition with an Else condition associated to it in case none
of the conditions associated to each Transition is fulfilled
107
Inclusive Gateway (Convergence)
• Inclusive gateways must be defined in pairs when is
desired that all the previous activations of an
Inclusive Gateway have been executed in order to
carry on with the process
• So, it must be defined an inclusive gateway
(divergent element) to activate the paths and
another one (convergent element ) to synchronize
them
108
109
110
Suka Belajar
dokumen persyaratan
seleksi wawancara)
4. Pengumuman penerima beasiswa akan disebarkan melalui
email dan papan pengumuman
5. Pada proses penentuan media massa dan waktu tayang divisi
humas diminta melakukan analisis, dan diperbolehkan
memilih beberapa media massa yang relevan. Masukan ke
subprocess Mengumumkan Lowongan Beasiswa.
• Terapkan inclusive gateway untuk mendukung
requirement ke 5
111
Complex Gateway
112
Complex Gateway
Loan Request Process:
• An employee requests a loan from the company
• This must be approved by his boss, the financial area or the vice-presidency
• When at least two of the three approve the request, the money is given to
the employee (disburse loan)
113
Complex Gateway
114
Complex Gateway
115
• Buat BPMN dari proses penentuan beasiswa di Universitas Suka
Belajar
administratif
wawancara)
beasiswa
6. Pencairan beasiswa harus mendapatkan minimal approval dari dua
pihak, dimana approvalnya sendiri diajukan ke Rektor, Dekan,
Kaprodi, Administrasi Universitas
• Terapkan complex gateway untuk mendukung requirement ke 5
116
4.5 Artifacts
117
BPMN Elements

Gateways


persons in charge
Annotation
Artifacts
Data Store
118
Artifacts
• Artifacts are graphical object that provides
supporting information about the Process or
elements within the Process
• However, they do not directly affect the flow of the
Process
• An Artifact MUST NOT be a target for Sequence
Flow
119
Groups
Used to group together a set of activities, whether
for the effects of documentation or analysis,
however, it does not affect the flow sequence
120
Annotations
Mechanisms for a modeler to be able to provide
additional information in a BPMN diagram
121
Data Object
Provide information about how documents, data and
other objects are used and updated during the
process. Can be used to represent electronic and
physical objects
122
Data Store
Provides a mechanism for activities to retrieve
or update stored information that will exist
beyond the scope of the process
123
Suka Belajar
administratif
wawancara)
beasiswa
6. Setelah penerimaan, uang beasiswa akan dikirimkan ke mahasiswa
setiap bulan tanggal 1
• Terapkan milestone dan artifacts (annotation, data object, data
store) pada proses
124
Tugas
• Buat BPMN untuk Proses Pengadaan Barang
• Unit kerja yang berhubungan dengan proses ini adalah Divisi
Pemohon, Divisi Pengadaan Barang, Divisi Keuangan, dan
Supplier
• BPMN harus mudah dipahami proses besarnya, dengan
menggunakan milestone dan subprocess
• BPMN tersebut, wajib memasukkan notasi di bawah:
• Gateway: Parallel, Inclusive, Event-based, Complex
• Task: User, Manual, Script, Service, Business Rule
• Sub process: Embedded, Reusable, Ad-hoc, Multiple
• Event: Timer, Message, Conditional
• Swimlane: Pool, Lane, Milestone
• Artifacts: Annotation, Data Store, Data Object
125
Tugas
• Buat BPMN dari salah satu business process di bawah:
1. Rekrutmen Pegawai
2. Help Desk Layanan Pelanggan
3. Perjalanan Dinas Pegawai
4. Pengunduran Diri Pegawai
5. Peminjaman Uang
6. Pengajuan Cuti Pegawai
7. Punishment Pelanggaran Pegawai
8. Pengiriman Tugas Belajar Pegawai
9. Permintaan Pengembangan Sistem
10. Pemrosesan Surat Masuk
11. Business process lain di unit kerja organisasi kita yang kita pahami
• BPMN baru tersebut, wajib memasukkan notasi di bawah:

• Gateway: Exclusive, Parallel, Inclusive, Event-based, Complex
• Task: User, Manual, Script, Service, Timer/Message Boundary Event
• Sub process: Embedded, Reusable, Ad-hoc, Multiple, Transaction
• Event: Timer, Message, Conditional
• Swimlane: Pool, Lane, Milestone
• Artifacts: Annotation, Data Store, Data Object
126
Tugas
• Analisis organisasi anda, business process apa
saja yang ada pada organisasi anda?
• Gunakan Functional Decomposition Diagram
untuk mempermudah mem-breakdown
business process organisasi anda
127
Reference
1. Object Management Group, Business Process Model and Notation
(BPMN), OMG Document Number: formal/2011-01-04, 2011
2. Object Management Group, BPMN 2.0 by Example, OMG
Document Number: dtc/2010-06-02, 2011
3. Bruce Silver, BPMN Method and Style Second Edition, Cody-
Cassidy Press, 2011
4. Layna Fischer (edt.), BPMN 2.0 Handbook Second Edition, Future
Strategies, 2012
5. Tom Debevoise, Rick Geneva, and Richard Welke, The Microguide
to Process Modeling in BPMN 2.0 Second Edition, CreateSpace,
2011
6. Bizagi Proses Modeler User Guide, Bizagi, 2012
7. Bizagi BPM Suite User Guide, Bizagi, 2013
8. Thomas Allweyer, BPMN 2.0, BoD, 2010
128

TOGAF 9 Fundamental:: 4. BPMN Overview

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TOGAF 9 Fundamental:: 4. BPMN Overview

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

TOGAF 9 Fundamental:: 4. BPMN Overview

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TOGAF 9 Fundamental:

Romi Satria Wahono

Flow objects are the main graphic elements Events

Connecting Flow objects are connected to each other by Sequence Flow

Swimlanes are mechanisms to arrange Pools

• A Pool is a container of a single Process (contains

• Is a sub-partition within the Process

Lane • Lanes are used to differentiate elements as internal

Is a sub-partition within the Process. It can indicate

• Masukan dua lane:

Flow objects are the main graphic elements Events

Connecting Flow objects are connected to each other by Sequence Flow

Swimlanes are mechanisms to arrange Pools

The normal line refers to the path of the flow

This flow has a condition assigned that defines

For decisions bases on inclusive decisions or

Flow objects are the main graphic elements Events

Connecting Flow objects are connected to each other by Sequence Flow

Swimlanes are mechanisms to arrange Pools

Start As its name suggests, it represents

This takes place between a start

End Indicates when a process ends

Type of Start Event

Is used when a message arrives from a participant and triggers

Is used when the start of a Process occurs on a specific date or

The start of the Process is triggered by the arrival of a signal that

Indicates that there are multiple triggers required to start the

Indicates that a message can be sent or received. If a Process

Indicates a delay within the Process. This type of Event can be

Escalation Event The Event indicates an escalation through the Process

Enables the handling of compensations. When used within the

Conditional Event This Event is triggered when a condition becomes true

Type of Intermediate Event

These Events are used to send or receive signals within or

This means that there are multiple triggers assigned to the

Indicates that a named Error should be generated. All currently

Is used within a Transaction Sub-Process. It indicates that the

Compensation Handles compensations. If an activity is identified, and it was

1. Proses dimulai dari Administrasi universitas mengumumkan

Flow objects are the main graphic elements Events

Connecting Flow objects are connected to each other by Sequence Flow

Swimlanes are mechanisms to arrange Pools

Is an atomic Activity within a Process flow. It is used when

Is a typical workflow Task where a person performs the Task

Is a Task that uses some sort of service that could be a Web

Is a Task designed to wait for a message to arrive from an

Is a Task designed to send a message to an external

Is a Task that is expected to be performed without the aid of

Offers a mechanism for the process to provide input to a

Tasks may be repeated sequentially, behaving like a loop. The

Tasks may be repeated sequentially, behaving like a loop. This

A Sub-process is defined as an Event Sub-process when it is triggered

Is a Sub-process whose behavior is controlled through a transaction

Is a group of activities that has no REQUIRED sequence relationships.

Sub-processes may be repeated sequentially, behaving like a loop.

• Gambarkan aktifitas di atas dalam bentuk subproses

Flow objects are the main graphic elements Events

Connecting Flow objects are connected to each other by Sequence Flow

Swimlanes are mechanisms to arrange Pools