EDUCATIONAL

PLANNING
 INTRODUCTION
 As we all know, our formal education
is an organized one. We must have
trained teachers to teach. Buildings
and many facilities have to be put up
in order to have educational
institutions function effectively.
 Our educational system must be
arranged at every stage in such a way
that it meets the needs of both the
individual and the nation.
 This process of intelligently trying to
organize education so as to respond to
the needs of its recipients is what can
be termed educational planning.
 The process of setting outMEANING OF EDUCATIONAL
in advance a pattern PLANNING
of action to bring about overall changes as
viewed by national policies by the closest
possible articulation of means and ends.
 It is a basic management task. It is a means of
achieving higher levels of effectiveness. Its
uniqueness lies in its future-orientation or
anticipation made.
 Today, educational planning is an absolute
requirement. The complexities of modern
technology in society have given rise to the
need for planning in education.
 Planning bridges the gap between where we are
and where we want to be.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
EDUCATIONAL PLANNING:
The following are the main
characteristics of educational
planning:
 Cooperation
 Remedial Measure
 Choice of Best Alternative
 Team Work
 Social and Economic Goals
 Scientific Changes
 Anticipation
EDUCATIONAL PLANNING PROCESS

The educational planning process contains the

following steps:
 Statement of educational objectives-
The educational objectives must be identified and
clearly stated. This will ensure that there is no
confusion about the objectives.
 Identification of various activities-
Which are needed to achieve the stated educational
objectives .
 Evaluation of results-
Evaluation should be related to the stated objectives .
 
USES OF EDUCATIONAL
PLANNING
Considering that educational planning is
concerned with the problem of wisely
distributing the limited resources and the
types of education (formal, non-formal etc),
the process of educational planning
comprises three main functions:
 Identification of Objectives and Strategies
 Proper Distribution of Limited Resources
 Educational Planning aids decision making

 
IDENTIFICATION OF OBJECTIVES
AND STRATEGIES
By this we mean that educational planning helps
in identifying and defining the objectives and the
strategies, programmes, procedures, policies and
standards which education needs to be more
effective and efficient. Through educational
planning we are able to clearly identify and
define educational objectives, identify and also
clearly define various activities which are to be
carried out to achieve the educational
objectives
PROPER DISTRIBUTION OF
LIMITED RESOURCES

By limited resources, we mean the resources which

are available to satisfy our needs. Educational
planning helps in seeing to it that the limited
resources are properly or wisely allocated to provide
the needed level and type of education to the
citizens of the country. In order to help in wisely
allocating the limited resources, alternative courses
of action are compared and then the one that has
great benefits for the citizens are allocated.
EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AIDS
DECISION MAKING
Educational Planning helps decision maker at all
levels to reach a better and well informed decision.
This is because through educational planning,
adequate data are collected on the particular level
that we wish to plan for and on the basis of such
information available. Educational planning therefore
helps to promote speedy and effective administration
of the system since the administrators of the system
are provided with necessary guidelines to work with.
Furthermore, with educational planning, it becomes
easy to evaluate the progress made in the
educational system.
FUNDAMENTALS OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND APPROACHES

Fundamentals of educational planning entails

the following:

 The objectives of educational planning

 The importance of educational planning
 Components of Educational planning
 Educational planning process and
approaches to Educational Planning
THE OBJECTIVE OF EDUCATIONAL
PLANNING
There are various dimensions to the general
objectives of educational planning:
 Political dimensions
   Economic Dimensions
 Science and Technology Dimension
 Legal Dimensions
 Demographic Dimensions
 Cultural Dimensions
 Sociological Dimensions
Political dimensions:
The political objective of the educational
planning should relate to the promotion of
justice, peace, law order and good
governance.

Economic Dimensions:
The economic consideration in educational
planning should lay emphasis on the need for
individual to live happily. Educational plan
should include labour and employment
aspects Educational plan should tend towards
preparing people for gainful employment,
development of gifts of nature and production
of goods to satisfy human wants
.
Science and Technology Dimension
Education for technological advancement should
be well planned, financed and implemented
for the development of individuals in the
technological society.

Legal Dimensions
Educational planning requires specific legal
framework. The legislative, courts and the
judiciary have important roles to play in
education of a nation. There is need for
legislative support for educational planning. The
implementation of educational planning should be
within the ambits of the nation’s constitution,
status and education law.
Demographic Dimensions
Educational planning should take special notice of
the structure and characteristics of the school going
population and the population around the schools.
Educational planning without sufficient demographic
data results to failure at achieving the educational
objectives.
Cultural Dimensions
Linguistic and cultural groups influence the
operations of educational planning generally and also
the implementation of polices on education. The
national development objectives should be culture
oriented because of the social value system as it
affects education.
Sociological Dimensions
Educational planning should be able to consider the
close relationship between the structure of the
society and schooling.
THE NEED FOR EDUCATIONAL
PLANNING
The need for educational planning entails the following:
 The complex nature of education
 Resources to be used in education sector are limited 
 Adequate plans help to direct and co-ordinate the actions
of employees in order to achieve maximum effectiveness,
efficiency and productivity
 Planning is necessary for administrative decisions in
education
 Planning enables a nation to make its choices clear in
terms of the aim and objectives
 Educational plans are designed to avoid in balances and
enormous wastes and replenish the steadily aggravated
shortage of teachers
COMPONENTS OF
EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
The major considerations for educational planning in a country include:

 Educational status and the Head count.

 Supply and Demand of Teachers
 Educational Financing
 School Buildings
 Curriculum Development
 Educational Materials
 Expansion Models
 Relevance to Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Policies and
Objectives.
 Legal Bases
EDUCATIONAL STATUS
AND THE HEAD COUNT
Every realistic plan is
based on a dependable
census when figure from
the head count were
dependable, we could
estimate, with reasonable
accuracy, the number of
classroom, teachers and
headmasters, desks and
tables elaborative, capital
and recurrent costs e.t.c
 SUPPLY AND DEMAND
Click icon to add OF TEACHERS
picture The quality of education
depends solely on the quality
of teachers trained. This is
because they can only teach
what they know. There is
need for the restructuring of
the curriculum of colleges of
Education and faculties of
Education to respond to
national needs. Also, steps
should be taken to improve
the conditions of service of
teachers if they are to
remain in the education
sector
.
 SCHOOL
BUILDINGS
Click icon to add School buildings should be
picture adequately maintained
because of their
depreciation value; which
if not properly looked
after, could be hazardous
to the existence of the
users, that is teachers and
students.
CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
The constant
modification of the
curriculum is
necessary, since the
curriculum should
be relevant to the
needs of the society,
and the society is not
static, it is dynamic.
EDUCATIONAL
MATERIALS
Educational
materials such as
books, study
materials, teaching
aids etc. may make
the educational
programme fail, if
not properly
organized.
 EXPANSION
MODELS
Click icon to add Expansion models must
picture be created from the
beginning to bring into
consideration
what is envisaged in
the primary, secondary
and senior secondary
schools many years
ahead, and to look for
possible strengths and
weaknesses they can
borrow and avoid in
the present one.
 RELEVANCE TO
POLITICAL,
Click icon to add
ECONOMIC, SOCIAL
picture
AND CULTURAL
POLICIES AND
OBJECTIVES.
If educational plans are
not closely geared
towards political,
economical, social and
cultural objectives, they
will not take off and
people will be
educationally dissatisfied.
 LEGAL BASES
Click icon to add Planning takes place
under established laws.
picture The legal framework for
planning should
be streamlined through
legislation to include
the form, structure and
functions of the
planning units and
agencies, the staffing
and the responsibilities,
the relationships of
the units with other
educational authorities
THE EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
PROCESS

Educational Planning Process involves the

following steps:
 Plan survey and deliberations.
The very first task to be accomplished is a
survey of the existing conditions, potentials
and constraints. Necessary data and
information must be organized and analysed
to reveal the existing state of educational
development and areas of needs. Then the
next stage follows.
Definition of goals and objectives

To define the new educational

objectives to be pursued as well as
specify the targets to be achieved.
Educational objectives that are
broadly stated by the political
leadership must be made more specific
by the technical planners to permit
specific task definitions .
Programme Planning and design.

The technical planner has to reduce the

already defined educational objectives to
specific task to be accomplished an alternative
programmes that can be adopted must be
designed. The alternative programme and or
techniques for accomplishing such educational
tasks must be quantitatively evaluated for
efficacy to permit a rationale choice among
them.
Programme Provision.
This requires the provision of adequate resources
(human and materials) to ensure effective programme
implementation.

Implementation and Control.

Translate the plan into action by arranging for the
execution. Determine how the activities that should be
done, the manpower requirements and so on. Arrange
the execution of the plans, a sort of time table will be
necessary to ensure that all actions taken are intend to
achieve the stated objectives. This stage also requires
the commitment of the political leadership to ensure
efficient flow of resources and to guarantee smooth
implementation and supervision of the plan.
Plan evaluation and plan regeneration.

Evaluation must be related to stated objectives. The

extent to which a plan meets the goals it has
established for itself can be determined only when
those goals are again brought to picture. A plan that
does not produce the results it has anticipated has
evidently failed.
Plan regeneration constitutes the last lap in
educational planning cycle. This requires linking
subsequent plans with the previous plan in terms of
feedbacks or learning experiences. Plan regeneration
or recycling is most desirable so that unachieved
objectives or programmes from previous plans can be
accommodated in subsequent ones.
 EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
APPROACHES

The following are approaches used in

Educational Planning:
 Social Demand approach
 Manpower Requirement or forecasting
approach
 Cost- Benefit/Rate Returns approach
 Synthetic (Eclectic) Approach.
SOCIAL DEMAND APPROACH
 The social demand approach regards
education as a birthright and so, plans that it
be made available to all those who demand
for it. One of the assumptions of the
approach is that the demand for education
will continue to be greater than its supply.
MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS
APPROACH
 The Manpower Requirements Approach
recognizes only areas of shortage of
manpower in the economy and plans to train
and provide such required skilled manpower.
It believers feel that in order to achieve
increased productivity more skilled
manpower must be provided.
COST –BENEFIT ANALYSIS/RATE
OF RETURNS APPROACH
 The Cost-Benefit Analysis holds that for an
individual or government to be able to make
a wise decision concerning investment, it
must calculate the cost of such a project,
the benefits to be derived from it and the
alternative for investing in that particular
project
THE SYNTHETIC (ECLECTIC)
APPROACH
 This approach is a synthesis of the various
approaches. It draws on the benefits of the
other three approaches. This approach
affords educational planners the benefits of
each of the approaches earlier mentioned
 CONCLUSION
 
Educational planning can be defined as the process
of setting out in advance, strategies, policies,
procedures, programmes and standards through
which an educational objective (or set of
objectives) can be achieved.
 Educational planning is a detailed and systematic
process, it just does not happen by chance.
 It sets out in advance. It is a forecast of what
duties, assignments and tasks are to take pace in
the future.
 It is goal-oriented: it is directed at achieving a set
educational objective.
ADRIANO G.
SABADO,EdD.
 QUESTIONS

1. What do you think is the Educational objectives of the New

Normal Education that we have? Does it really answers our
struggles in the Department?

2. Do you agree to the educational planning done by the

leaders in the Department regarding the implementation of the
New Normal Education.

3 Give the various dimensions to the general objectives of

Educational Planning and explain its role to the Department.

4.How the components of Educational Planning affects the

Educational System ?

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