TFN Watson

JEAN WATSON
Philosophy and
Science of Caring /
Transpersonal Caring
Jean Watson
Margaret Jean Harman
Watson
She was born in Southern West
Virginia and grew up during the
1940s and 1950s in the small town
of Welch, West Virginia in the
Appalachian Mountains.
 She earned BS Nursing in 1964 at
Boulder Campus at Colorado.
 MS in Psychiatric-Mental Health
Nursing in 1966 at the Health
Sciences Campus
 PhD in Educational Psychology
and Counseling in 1973 at the
Graduate School, Boulder Campus
Conceptualized the Human Caring
Model
Emphasized that nursing is the
application of an art and human Science
through transpersonal caring
transactions to help persons achieved
mind-body soul harmony, which
generates self knowledge, self control,
self care and self healing. She included
health promotion and treatment of
illness in Nursing.
Metaparadigm of
Nursing
Person
Human being refers to “a valued
person to be cared for, respected,
nurtured, understood, and assisted;
in general a philosophical view of a
person as a fully functional
integrated self. He, human is
viewed as greater than and different
from, the sum of his or her parts”.
Environment
Refers to society. Caring and
nursing existed in every society. It
provides the values that determine
how one should behave and what
goals one should strive toward.
Health
Refers to unity and harmony
within the mind, body and soul.
It is also associated with the
degree of congruence between self
as perceived and as experienced.
Watson, in addition to WHO’s
definition, includes these three
elements:
•A high level of over all physical,

mental, and social functioning
•A general adaptive-maintenance level
of daily functioning
•The absence of illness
Nursing
“Human science of people and
human health-illness experiences that
are mediated/intervened by
professional, personal, scientific,
aesthetic, and ethical human care
transactions”
Major Concepts
and
Definitions
Caring
Nurturant way of responding to a
valued client towards whom the nurse
feels a personal sense of commitment
and responsibility.
It is the nursing term representing the
factors nurses use to deliver healthcare
to patients.
Curing
Medical term referring to
elimination of disease
Philosophical
Foundation for the
Science of Caring
(Ten Carative Factors)
1. Formation of Humanistic-Altruistic
System of Human Values.
2. Instillation of Faith-Hope.
3. Cultivation of Sensitivity to self and
to others.
4. Development of a helping trust
relationship.
5. Promotion and Acceptance of the
expression of positive and negative
feelings.
6. Systematic use of the Scientific Problem-
Solving Method for decision making.
7. Promotion of Interpersonal Teaching-
Learning.
8. Provision for Supportive, Protective and
Corrective Mental, Physical, Sociocultural,
and spiritual Environment.
9. Assistance with gratification of Human
Needs.
10. Allowance for existential-
phenomenological-spiritual Forces
Seven Assumptions about
the science of Caring
1. Caring can be effectively
demonstrated and practiced only
interpersonally.
2. Caring consist of carative factors
that result in the satisfaction of
certain human needs.
3. Effective caring promotes health
and individual or family growth
4. Caring Responses accept a person
not only as he/she is now but as
what he/she may become.
5. A caring environment offers the

development of potential while
allowing the person to choose the
best action for himself/herself at a
given time.
6. Caring is more “healthogenic” than is
curing. The Practice of caring integrates
biophysical knowledge with knowledge of
human behavior to generate or promote
health and to provide care to those who
are ill. A science of caring is therefore
complementary to the science of curing.
7. The practice of caring is central to

nursing.
Conditions necessary for
caring
An awareness and knowledge about one’s
need for care
An intention to act, and actions based on
knowledge
 A positive change as a result of caring,
judged solely on the basis of welfare of others.
An underlying value and moral commitment
to care and will to care.
References
•Balita, Carl and Eufemia Octaviano.
Theoretical Foundations of Nursing: the
Philippine Perspective. Ultimate Learning
Series. 1998
•Aligood, Martha Raile and Ann Marimer
Tomey. Nursing Theorist and their Work (fifth
Ediation). Mosby Inc. 2004
•Fundamentals of Nursing (Udan)

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JEAN WATSON

•A high level of over all physical,

5. A caring environment offers the

7. The practice of caring is central to

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