Jean Watson's Human Caring Science, A Theory of Nursing

Jean Watson’s Human Caring
Science, A Theory of Nursing

Jean Watson is an American nurse theorist and nursing
professor who is best known for her theory
of human caring. She is the author of numerous texts,
including Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring.
Jean Watson's Theory of
• . Human Caring
.
Jean Watson’s (2012) Human Caring Science A Theory of Nursing is
the title of the
Watson’s latest work.
It was renamed “To convey a deeper human involvement and
connection”
This theory is one of the newest of nursing ‘s grand theories, having
first been completely
codified in 1979,revisedin 1985 (watson 1988) and broadened and
advance several times.
Background of the Theories
• Watson was born in West Virginia and received her BSN

(Bachelor of Science in Nursing) from the University of
Colorado in 1964.
• She went on to complete her Ph.D. in Educational
Psychology and Counseling from the same university.
• She has since earned ten honorary doctoral degrees and
has extensive experience working in mental health
nursing and caring science.
• Her continued research is focused in the area of human
caring and loss.
• Watson created the Theory of Human Caring between 1975
and 1979 from her personal views of nursing.
• Her hope at the time was that her theory would help
distinguish nursing science as a separate and important
entity from medical science.
• Her work was influenced by her teaching experience and
was created as a way to find common meaning among
nurses from all over the world
Nursing is defined by caring.. Caring Science
helps us to embrace the positive energy
that flows from an integrated mind, body
and spirit and is mutually rewarding to both
the patient and the nurse.
.
Forged by the vision of Florence Nightingale who asserted that
the “role of a nurse is to put her patient in the best position to
be able to self-heal”, nurses are optimally positioned to be the
heart of healing
By actively engaging in caring through authentic presence and
intentionality, the nurse is able to optimize her patient’s ability
to heal from within.
.
How do we as nurses maintain emotional
sensitivity and caring attitudes in an over-
stressed and demanding workplace?
• Jean Watson contends that caring regenerates life energies
and potentiates our capabilities.
• The benefits are immeasurable and promote self-actualization

on both a personal and professional level.
• Caring is a mutually beneficial experience for both the patient

and the nurse, as well as between all health team members.
• In addition, it is important to remember that Watson

emphasizes that we must care for ourselves to be able to care
for others; self-healing is a necessary process for rejuvenating
our energy reserves and replenishing our spiritual bank.
• Be the difference that makes the difference. It’s what you say
and do, and how you say and do it. Caring, safeguards and
affirms our humanity. It unveils our true thoughts, feelings, and
attitudes and allows us to live more authentically in our
relationships.
• Caring improves patient outcomes and customer satisfaction. It is

contagious and infuses caring-energy into others. It invokes
awareness and intuition. It is positive and inspirational.
• According to Watson (1997), the core of the Theory of Caring is
that “humans cannot be treated as objects and that humans
cannot be separated from self, other, nature, and the larger
workforce.”
• Her theory encompasses the whole world of nursing; with the

emphasis placed on the interpersonal process between the care
giver and care recipient.
The theory is focused on “the centrality of human
caring and on the caring-to-caring transpersonal
relationship and its healing potential for both the
one who is caring and the one who is being cared
for” (Watson, 1996).
She defined the fourth metaparadigm
concept of the 10 caring needs.
• 10 Carative factors experience that need to be
adressed by nurse with their patient when in a
caring role.
1. Embrace: Altruistic Values and Practice Loving
Kindness with Self and Others
2.Inspire: Faith and Hope and Honor Others
3.Trust: Self and Others by Nurturing Individual

Beliefs, Personal Growth and Practices
.
4.Nurture: Helping, Trusting, Caring

Relationships
5.Forgive: and Accept Positive and

Negative Feelings – Authentically Listen
to Another’s Story
6.Deepen: Scientific Problem Solving

Methods for Caring Decision Making
7.Balance: Teaching and Learning to Address the
Individual Needs, Readiness and Learning Styles
.
8.Co-Create: a Healing Environment for the Physical
and Spiritual Self which Respects Human Dignity
9.Minister: To Basic Physical, Emotional and Spiritual

Human Needs
10.Open: to Mystery and Allow Miracles to Enter

Jean Watson’s “Philosophy and Theory of
Transpersonal Caring” mainly concerns how
nurses care for their patients and how that caring
progresses into better plans to promote health
and wellness, prevent illness and restore health.
Major Concepts
The Philosophy and Science of Caring have four major
concepts: human being, health, environment or
society, and nursing.
Society
• The society provides the values that
determine how one should behave and what
goals one should strive toward. Watson
states:
• “Caring (and nursing) has existed in every

society.
• Every society has had some people who have
cared for others.
• A caring attitude is not transmitted from
generation to generation by genes.
• The culture of the profession transmits it as a
unique way of coping with its environment.”
Human being
Human being is a valued person to be
cared for, respected, nurtured,
understood, and assisted; in general, a
philosophical view of a person as a fully
functional integrated self.
Health
Health is the unity and harmony within the mind, body,
and soul; health is associated with the degree of
congruence between the self and the self as
experienced.
.”
Transpersonal
The transpersonal concept is an intersubjective
human-to-human relationship in which the nurse
affects and is affected by the other person
. Actual Caring Occasion
The actual caring occasion involves

actions and choices by the nurse and the
individual.
Subconcepts
Phenomenal field
The totality of human experience of one’s in
the world. This refers to the individual’s
frame of reference that can only be known
to that person.
Self
The organized conceptual gestalt is
composed of perceptions of the
characteristics of the “I” or “ME” and the
perceptions of the relationship of the “I” and
“ME” to others and various aspects of life.
Time
The present is more subjectively real, and
the past is more objectively real. The past is
before or in a different mode of being than
the present, but it is not clearly
distinguishable.
• Watson’s theory continues to provide a useful
and important metaphysical orientation for
the delivery of nursing care.
• Watson’s theoretical concepts, such as the
use of self, patient-identified needs, the caring
process, and the spiritual sense of being
human, may help nurses and their patients to
find meaning and harmony during a period of
increasing complexity.
The Philosophy and Science of Caring
addresses how nurses express care to
their patients. Caring is central to
nursing practice and promotes health
better than a simple medical cure.
Thank you!!

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Jean Watson’s Human Caring

Science, A Theory of Nursing

• Watson was born in West Virginia and received her BSN

• The benefits are immeasurable and promote self-actualization

• Caring is a mutually beneficial experience for both the patient

• In addition, it is important to remember that Watson

• Caring improves patient outcomes and customer satisfaction. It is

• Her theory encompasses the whole world of nursing; with the

2.Inspire: Faith and Hope and Honor Others

3.Trust: Self and Others by Nurturing Individual

4.Nurture: Helping, Trusting, Caring

5.Forgive: and Accept Positive and

6.Deepen: Scientific Problem Solving

9.Minister: To Basic Physical, Emotional and Spiritual

10.Open: to Mystery and Allow Miracles to Enter

• “Caring (and nursing) has existed in every

The actual caring occasion involves

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