FOUNDATION COURSE

SEMESTER I
CHAPTER :1
OVERVIEW OF INDAN SOCIETY
 India as a multi culture society

 Multi lingual:- it is estimated that there are 1652 languages and dialects in india . The constitution of india
recognized 22 major language
 Multi religion:- India has no official religion .There are four important religion have originated from
:- Hindusim , Budhisim , Jainisim and Sikhisim .
 Caste system
I. Brahmin
II. Kshatiriya
III. Vaishya
IV. Shurda
 Intra-group culture difference :- Each caste has sub – caste with sab culturs
 Influnce of the western culture:- Indian culture came under thre western culture .Due to western culture impact
several element of Indian culture have several in food habits , music and dance , Clothing life – style education
 Contribution from various races:-The Islamic cultural influenced the Indian society thorugh architerture,
dress(shalwar ,kameez and dupatta is now worn by young girls and ladies belonging to race of religion ), food etc .
Religious in india
Religion Percent Persons ( corors )

Hindunsim 79.8 96.63

Islam 14.2 2.78
Christianity 2.3 2.08
Sikhisim 1.7 0.84
Budhisim 0.7 0.45
Jainisim 0.4 1.08
Other 0.9

Total 100.0 121.08

Hindusm :-
Holy book of Hindus is bhagvat-geeta
The four value are

1. Dharma
2.Artham
3.Kama
4.Moksha

Islam
Holy book of Islam is koran
1.Belief in allah
2.Paryers five times a day
3.Givings of alms
4.Fasting for a month ever year ( during Ramsan)
Christianity
The holy book of Christians is the Bible.
1.You shall have no other God before me.
2.Honour your father and your mother.
3.You shall not take the name of your God in
vain.
4.You shall not steal

Sikhism
The holy book of Sikhism is Guru Granth Sahib.
1.Kesh [hair]
2.Kangha [comb]
3.Kara [bracelet]
4.Kirpan [sword]
5.Kachha [shorts]
Buddhism
The holy book of Buddhism is Tipitaka.
Highlighted four noble truths
1. All existence is dukhha – human life is full of struggle or sorrow
2.The cause of dukhha is craving –desire is the root cause of sorrow
3.Removal of desire leads to removal of sorrow
4.There is a path that helps to removal sorrow and attain nirvana

Jainism
The follow the preaching of Loard Mahavir.
1.Right perception (samyak darshan)
2.Right knowledge (samyak jana)
Right conduct (samyak chritra)
 Judaism
Holy book of Judaism is Torah(set of five books
of Moses)
It is religion , philosophy and way of life of Jewish
people . India,50% lives in Manipur and Mizoram
and 25% in Mumbai.

Zoroastrianism
Holy book of Zoroastrianism is Zend avesta
The parsees are a very small minority and are
mostly located in Mumbai
Caste wise composition os population .

. Brahmins :- religious preachers,scholars, teachers and the like.

.Kshatriyas :- rulers, administrators and warriors.

. Vaishyas :- money lenders , artisans , traders and the like.

.Shudras :- workers or labourers .

Factors responsible for growth of caste system in india :

a) The influence of religion is The main factor for growth of caste system

b)The static rural social structure of India strengthened the growth of caste
system

c)Lack of education

d) The rulers did not enforce uniform customs .

e)Desire to dominate .

f) The hereditary occupation.

g) Other factors
Gender wise composition of population

Gender Population (million )

Male 623.7

Female 586.5

Total 1210.5
Gender Ratio in india

Year Female per ( 1000

male)
Some reasons are skewed gender ratio are :
1901 972
.Preference of male child in Indian society.
1921 955
.Practice of female feoticide.
1951 946 .Height infant morality rates of females
1969 941 .Malnutrition of females epecially among the poor
families
1971 930

1981 934

1991 927

2010 933

2011 940
 linguistic diversity

. Indo Aryan family of languages :

Hindi ,Marathi Bengali , Punjabi ,Urdu, Gujarati , Rajesthani , Bihari , Assamese and so on .
It accounts for about 72%.

. Dravidian family languages :

It is second important family of languages in india . It includes kannada, Malayalam, tamil and telugu , tulu
,etc. It covers about 25% of Indian’s population

.Sino-Tibetan family of languages :

It covers north bihar , north Bengal and north Assam. It includes Sikkimese, Ladakhi Sherpa, bodo, naga ,
Manipuri, and so on

.Austric:
The most important languages of the austic group is santhali, which is spoken by over
5 million sqntgals and is the largest spoken among the Adivasis languages. Mundari
spoken by about a million mundas , is another important language of this group.
 Top 10 language in india (percentage of population)

Languages Percent
Hindi 41.03
Bengali 8.11
Telugu 7.19
Marathi 6.99
Tamil 5.91
Urdu 5.01
Gujarati 4.48
Kannada 3.69
Malayanam 3.21
Oriya 3.21
 Regional variations
In india , there are 29 states and 7 union territories . Some regions are developed other have remaind backward even with 7 decades of independent

. Literay
. Birth rate and death rate
.Urbanization
.Poverty
.Infrastruction development
.Level of unemployment
.Industrialization
.Income inequalities
.Gender – Ratio
.Life Expectancy
 Rural characteristics
India is a land of villages. As per census 2011, there are over 6 lakh villages in india .68.84% of India
‘s population lives in villages, and 31.16% of India’s population lives in urban areas (about 7700
towns and citiesZ)

1. Caste system
2. Intimate relations
3. Status of women
4. Occupation
5. Size of the population
6. Location pattner
7. Literacy
8. Conservation attitude
9. Unempolyement rate
10. Media explosure
11. Poverty
12. Work participation
13. Main problems
Urban characteristics
The urbanization in india has improve over the year .In 1951the urban population
was 17% and it has increased to nearly 31,16% in 2011

1. Social heterogeneity
2. Secondary relations
3. Social mobility
4. Size if the population
5. Location pattern
6. Literary
7. Occupation
8. Unemployment
9. Media exposure
10. Poverty
11. Work participation rate
12. Main problems of urban population
Tribal characteristics
A tribe is a community occupying a common geographic area and having a common
language and culture . The tribe are often called as Girijans’ because originally they to live
in jungle and hiily regions

1.Common territory
2. Common name
3.Common languages
4.Common culture
5.Endogamous group
6.Regional concentration
7.Religion
8.Occupation
9.Caste system
10.Status of women
 Diversity As Difference

Cultural Diversity is is the variety of huaman society or culture in a specific country .Or in the
world as a whole . The more obvious cultural difference that exists among people include
language religion , dress,foodhabits,customs and traditions.

1.Pride in culture heritage.

2.inter-culture influence.
3.Communal harmony.
4.Rich faste of diverse culture
5.Promotes humanistic value of workplace.
6.Exchange of innovative ideas.
THANK YOU