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    Ancient Egyptian Civilization

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    Shamim Reza
    The document provides information about ancient Egyptian civilization. It describes the geography of ancient Egypt, noting that the predictable flooding of the Nile river allowed farming settlements to grow and was seen as a gift from the river god. It discusses the pharaohs who ruled as god-kings over the government, religion, and military in a theocratic system. Pyramids were built as tombs for pharaohs to ensure their eternal spirits. Egyptian culture included hieroglyphic writing, mummification, and a traditional economy based on farming and trade along the Nile river.

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    Ancient Egyptian Civilization

    Uploaded by

    Shamim Reza
    51 views43 pages
    The document provides information about ancient Egyptian civilization. It describes the geography of ancient Egypt, noting that the predictable flooding of the Nile river allowed farming settlements to grow and was seen as a gift from the river god. It discusses the pharaohs who ruled as god-kings over the government, religion, and military in a theocratic system. Pyramids were built as tombs for pharaohs to ensure their eternal spirits. Egyptian culture included hieroglyphic writing, mummification, and a traditional economy based on farming and trade along the Nile river.

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    5_Ancient_Egypt

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    The document provides information about ancient Egyptian civilization. It describes the geography of ancient Egypt, noting that the predictable flooding of the Nile river allowed farming settlements to grow and was seen as a gift from the river god. It discusses the pharaohs who ruled as god-kings over the government, religion, and military in a theocratic system. Pyramids were built as tombs for pharaohs to ensure their eternal spirits. Egyptian culture included hieroglyphic writing, mummification, and a traditional economy based on farming and trade along the Nile river.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    51 views43 pages

    Ancient Egyptian Civilization

    Uploaded by

    Shamim Reza
    The document provides information about ancient Egyptian civilization. It describes the geography of ancient Egypt, noting that the predictable flooding of the Nile river allowed farming settlements to grow and was seen as a gift from the river god. It discusses the pharaohs who ruled as god-kings over the government, religion, and military in a theocratic system. Pyramids were built as tombs for pharaohs to ensure their eternal spirits. Egyptian culture included hieroglyphic writing, mummification, and a traditional economy based on farming and trade along the Nile river.

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    Ancient Egyptian Civilization

    Ancient River Valley


    Civilizations
    Early River Valley Civilizations
    Sumer • Flooding of Tigris and Euphrates unpredictable
    • No natural barriers
    • Limited natural resources for making tools or buildings

    Egypt • Flooding of the Nile predictable


    • Nile an easy transportation link between Egypt’s villages
    • Deserts were natural barriers

    Indus Valley • Indus flooding unpredictable


    • Monsoon winds
    • Mountains, deserts were natural barriers

    China • Huang He flooding unpredictable


    • Mountains, deserts natural barriers
    • Geographically isolated from other ancient civilizations
    Mesopotamia Quiz
    Political: What law system did Sumerians use?
    Economic: How did Mesopotamians earn a
    living?
    Geography: Between what 2 rivers did the
    Fertile Crescent appear?
    Social: What type of writing did they use?
    What type of religion did they have? What
    was their worship “areas” called?
    ANCIENT EGYPT
    Nile River
    Mummies
    Pharaohs
    Rameses
    King Tutankhamen
    Hieroglyphics
    Ancient Egyptian History
    Periods Time Frame
    Nile Culture Begins 3900 B. C. E.
    Archaic 3100 – 2650 B. C. E.
    Old Kingdom 2650 – 2134 B. C. E.
    Middle Kingdom 2040 – 1640 B. C. E.
    New Kingdom 1550 – 1070 B. C. E.
    Late Period 750 – 332 B. C. E.
    Greek Ptolemaic Era 332 – 30 B. C. E.

    Roman Period 30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.


    Egyptian Civilization
    Egyptian
    civilization arose
    after
    Mesopotamia.
    Geography: It
    was centered
    around the Nile
    River.
    The Nile River
    Nile River
    Provided fish
    Supported plants and animals
    Two rivers, Blue Nile and White Nile, join to
    make the Nile River.
    World’s longest river
    Flows south to north
    Floods watered the land and provided fertile
    soils for crops to grow.
    Geographic Features
    Ancient Egypt – Nile River
    Benefits:
    Predictable yearly flooding  allowed
    farming settlements to grow
    Worshiped the river as a god b/c of its
    abundance
    Geographic Features
    Ancient Egypt – Nile River
    Problems:
    Low waters in Nile
    resulted in famine
    b/c of poor crops
    Flooding =
    destroyed homes &
    crops
    Geographic Features
    Ancient Egypt – Deserts on Either Side of Nile River

    Benefits:
    Shut out invaders
    Spared Egypt constant warfare
    Geographic Features
    Ancient Egypt – Deserts on Either Side of Nile River

    Problems:
    Acted as barriers between Egypt & other
    lands
    Forced Egyptians to live on a very small
    portion of the land
    Reduced interactions with other peoples
    (limited cultural diffusion)
    The Sahara Desert.
    Largest desert in the
    world.
    Egypt is naturally
    protected from
    enemies because it
    was surrounded by
    deserts, rivers,
    deltas, and cataracts
    (rapids).
    Delta
    Pyramids

    Pyramids were tombs


    for the kings.
    The most famous are
    the Giza pyramids
    (shown to left).
    These were built in
    3500 B.C.E.
    How old are they?
    Egyptian Religion & Politics
    Pharaohs (God-Kings)
    Considered gods on Earth who ruled over
    gov’t, religion, & the military
    This is known as a theocracy
    • *Comparison: Mesopotamian kings were
    representatives of gods, but they themselves
    were not considered gods
    Egyptian Religion & Politics
    Pyramids
    Egyptians believed kings had eternal spirits
    Built pyramids as tombs for pharaohs
    (resting places from which their rulers could
    reign forever after death)
    Tutankhamun
    Tutankhamen on the throne
    Abu Simbel was built by
    Ramseses II
    Egypt’s Religion
    They believed in many gods and goddesses
    and in life after death for the pharaohs.
    Hapi – main god
    Isis – main goddess
    Book of the Dead
    Mummies
    Egyptians who could
    afford to do so would
    have themselves
    mummified.
    They believed in a
    better afterlife if their
    body was preserved.
    Process
    Took out all of the internal organs, except the heart
    because it was believed to be the intelligence and emotion
    of the person.
    Organs were put in canopic jars, that were put in the tomb
    with the mummy.
    Brain was taken out through the nose because it had no
    significant value.
    he body was packed and covered with natron (a salty
    drying agent). Then the body was left
    for 40-50 days. 
    Mummies
    Egyptians wrote in hieroglyphics

    Made up of
    sound and
    picture
    symbols
    Only scribes
    (men) were
    taught to
    write
    Hieroglyphics
    What did Egyptians write on?
    Papyrus
    Also used to
    make baskets,
    sandals and river
    rafts
    The Great Sphinx is
    located on the Giza
    plateau, about six
    miles west of Cairo.
    Egyptian Social Classes
    Egyptian Economy
    Although Egypt looks
    really sophisticated, the
    economy is a traditional
    economy based on
    farming and trade.
    Egyptians traded up and
    down the Nile, with
    Mesopotamians and
    sometimes with the Indus
    Valley (in Pakistan)
    Egypt Quiz Type

    1.What river is the basis for Egyptian civilization?


    2.What “paper” did Egyptians write on?
    3. What is an Egyptian ruler called?
    4.What writing system did Egyptians use?
    5. What type of economic system did Egypt have?
    Egyptian Culture
    Social Classes
    ROYAL FAMILY

    Upper Class

    Middle Class

    Lower Class

    Slaves
    Egyptian Culture
    Achievements in Science & Technology
    Number system
    Form of geometry
    Columns in architecture
    Calendar
    Medical Procedures
    Mummification
    • Process of embalming and drying out the corpse
    so that the soul could return to the body later
    Egyptian Culture
    Writing System
    Hieroglyphics
    • Like Sumerian cuneiform, it used pictures to
    represent ideas
    Egyptian Hieroglyphics
    Consisted of pictographs
    Scribes recorded history,
    beliefs, & ideas of ancient
    Egypt (often times in the
    tombs of the pharaohs)
    Used to document tax
    collection, laws, storage of
    grain, etc.

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