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Classification of Compressor

There are two primary classifications of industrial compressors: positive displacement and dynamic. Positive displacement compressors, including reciprocating and rotary types, operate by trapping a specific volume of air and forcing it into a smaller volume. Dynamic compressors, including centrifugal and axial flow types, accelerate the velocity of gases to increase pressure. Reciprocating compressors use pistons to compress gases into smaller volumes, while rotary screw compressors use two meshing rotors. Centrifugal compressors accelerate gas using a rotating impeller to convert velocity to pressure.

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حسوني المارنز
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506 views

Classification of Compressor

There are two primary classifications of industrial compressors: positive displacement and dynamic. Positive displacement compressors, including reciprocating and rotary types, operate by trapping a specific volume of air and forcing it into a smaller volume. Dynamic compressors, including centrifugal and axial flow types, accelerate the velocity of gases to increase pressure. Reciprocating compressors use pistons to compress gases into smaller volumes, while rotary screw compressors use two meshing rotors. Centrifugal compressors accelerate gas using a rotating impeller to convert velocity to pressure.

Uploaded by

حسوني المارنز
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Classification of compressors

There are two primary classifications of industrial compressors:

1-Positive displacement, including reciprocating and rotary types.


2-Dynamic , including centrifugal and axial flow types.
Positive Displacement

It Operates by trapping a specific volume of air and forcing it into a smaller


volume , it subdivided in to :
1- Rotary
2- Reciprocating
A- Reciprocating Compressors

• Reciprocating or piston compressor is a positive displacement


compressor that uses the movement of a piston within a cylinder to
move gas from one pressure level to another (higher) pressure level
• Or by another term , in a reciprocating compressor, a volume of gas
is drawn into a cylinder, it is trapped, and compressed by piston and
then discharged into the discharge line. The cylinder valves control
the flow of gas through the cylinder; these valves act as check
valves.
Reciprocating compressor components include:

• A piston with rings and rider bands, cross head, and piston rod, which
moves back and forth with each rotation of the crankshaft

• The cylinder also has a head on each end with water passages to
remove some of the heat of compression. The outer head may also
include something called a clearance pocket for adjusting compressor
output. The piston rod head has high pressure packing in it to keep
the pumped gas inside the cylinder.

• There are three types of reciprocating compressor.

1- Single - Acting compressor: is a compressor that has one discharge


per revolution of crankshaft.
2- Double - Acting Compressor: is a compressor that completes two
discharge strokes per revolutions of crankshaft. Most heavy-duty
compressors are double acting..
3- A diaphragm compressor : is a variant of the conventional reciprocating
compressor. The compression of gas occurs by the movement of a flexible
membrane, instead of an intake element. The back and forth movement of
the membrane is driven by a rod and a crankshaft mechanism

B- Rotary compressors
Get their name from the rotating motion of the transfer element) compress
gases with lobes, screws, and vanes into smaller volumes.
Types of Rotary Compressors: -
1- Rotary Screw
2- Sliding Vane
3- Lobe
SCREW COMPRESSORS

Screw compressor is a positive displacement machine . It operates with 2


helical rotors that rotate toward each other, causing the teeth to mesh or as
the left rotor turns clockwise, the right rotor rotates counterclockwise. This
forces the gases to become trapped in the central cavity. The 2 rotors are
attached to a drive shaft and drive that provide energy to operate the
compressor
Two counter rotating helical screw are arranged in a compressor
casing; gas inlet and discharge nozzles are at opposite ends.
Dynamic Compressors

The dynamic compressor is continuous flow compressor is characterized by


rotating impeller to add velocity and thus pressure to gas .
There are two types of dynamic compressors .
1- Centrifugal Compressor
2- Axial Flow Compressor
1- Centrifugal Compressor
• Centrifugal compressors accelerates the velocity of the gases
(increases kinetic energy) which is then converted into pressure as
the gas flow leaves the volute and enters the discharge pipe. Deliver
much higher flow rates than positive displacement compressors
• Centrifugal compressors: Centrifugal compressors use a rotating disk
or impeller in a shaped housing to force the gas to the rim of the
impeller, increasing the velocity of the gas. A diffuser (divergent
duct) section converts the velocity energy to pressure energy.
2- Axial Flow Compressor

As the gas velocity is increased by the rotating blades, the stator blades slow
it down. As the gas slows, kinetic energy is converted into pressure. Gas
velocity increases as it moves from stage to stage until it reaches the
discharge.
Multi-Stage axial compressors can generate very high flow rates and
discharge pressures.

Axial compressors are usually limited to 16 stages (due to


temperature/material limitations)

Axial compressors are lighter, more efficient, and smaller than centrifugal
compressors.
Absutract:

There are two main compressor in oil and gas industry , they
are :
1- Positive displacement compressor, which decrease volume
of gas
2- Dynamic compressor, which increase velocity of gas

By: Fatima Dakhle Hillel

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