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Limits of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Mt. Rushmore features giant carved faces of four U.S. presidents. The document derives formulas for the derivatives of exponential, logarithmic, and common logarithm functions using definition of derivative and the chain rule. Key formulas shown include the derivatives of ex, ax, ln(x), and loga(x).

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Bretana joan
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37 views

Limits of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Mt. Rushmore features giant carved faces of four U.S. presidents. The document derives formulas for the derivatives of exponential, logarithmic, and common logarithm functions using definition of derivative and the chain rule. Key formulas shown include the derivatives of ex, ax, ln(x), and loga(x).

Uploaded by

Bretana joan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mt.

Rushmore, South Dakota

3.9: Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions


x
Look at the graph of ye

The slope at x=0 If we assume this to


appears to be 1. be true, then:
0 h 0
e e
lim 1
h 0 h

definition of derivative


Now we attempt to find a general formula for the
x
derivative of y  e using the definition.

d x e x h  e x  e h
1 
dx
 e   lim
h 0 h
x
 e  lim 
h 0 h

 
e x  eh  e x
 lim
h 0 h This is the slope at x=0,
which we have assumed to
 x eh  1  be 1.
 lim  e  
h 0
 h   e x 1
 ex

d x
dx
 
e e x


x
e is its own derivative!

If we incorporate the chain rule:

d u u du
e e
dx dx

x
We can now use this formula to find the derivative of a


d x
dx
a  
d ln a x
dx
e   ( e x
and ln x are inverse functions.)

d x ln a
dx
e  
d
e x ln a
  x ln a  (chain rule)
dx

d x
dx
a   e x ln a
 ln a

( lnaax is
 ln a
a constant.)
d ln a x
dx
e  
Incorporating the chain rule:
d x ln a
dx
e   d u du
d dx
 
u
a  a ln a
dx
e x ln a
  x ln a 
dx

So far today we have:

d u u du d du
e e
dx
 
u u
a  a ln a
dx
dx dx

Now it is relatively easy to find the derivative of ln x .


y  ln x dy 1
 y
y dx e
e x
d y d d 1
 
dx
e  x
dx dx
ln x 
x
ydy
e 1 d 1 du
dx ln u 
dx u dx

To find the derivative of a common log function, you
could just use the change of base rule for logs:

d d ln x 1 d 1 1
log x   ln x  
dx dx ln10 ln10 dx ln10 x
The formula for the derivative of a log of any base
other than e is:

d 1 du
log a u 
dx u ln a dx

d u u du d du
e e
dx
 
u u
a  a ln a
dx
dx dx

d 1 du d 1 du
ln u  log a u 
dx u dx dx u ln a dx

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