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    DC Motors

    Uploaded by

    Hamza Ali
    The output power is 3450 W and the efficiency is 78.41%

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    DC Motors

    Uploaded by

    Hamza Ali
    73 views32 pages
    The output power is 3450 W and the efficiency is 78.41%

    Original Title

    DC_Motors

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The output power is 3450 W and the efficiency is 78.41%

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    73 views32 pages

    DC Motors

    Uploaded by

    Hamza Ali
    The output power is 3450 W and the efficiency is 78.41%

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    Electric Motors

    Classification of Electric Motors


    DC Motor

     Direct current machines (DC) are most often


    used for a motor. DC motors have excellent
    control characteristic for speed and torque.
    DC motors are often used in power stations to
    drive emergency stand-up pump systems.
     Which come into operation to protect
    essential equipment and plant should the
    normal a.c. supplies or pumps fail.
    However, their application is limited to
    mills, mines and trains. As examples,
    trolleys and underground subway cars may
    use dc motors.
     An electrical motor consists of a cylindrical rotor that spins inside a
    stator.
    A Two Pole DC Motor
    A Four Pole DC Motor
    Rotor Assembly of a DC Motor
    Principle of Operation
     D.C motors converts electrical energy (DC) into
    mechanical energy. Its construction is similar to DC
    generator.

     A DC motor works on the principle that “whenever a


    current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic
    field, it experiences a force”.
    Current carrying loop in a
    magnetic field
     The magnetic force is given by:

    F=BIL
     Where: F = Force in Newton
    B = Flux density in Weber/meter2
    I = Current in amperes flowing through the
    conductor
    L = Length of the conductor in meters
     The direction of force is given by Fleming’s left hand
    rule.
    Fleming’s Left Hand Rule

    FORE FINGER = MAGNETIC FIELD

    900
    ON 900
    TI
    MO

    900
    =
    B
    UM

    MIDDLE FINGER= CURRENT


    TH

    FORCE = B IAl
    Interaction of the DC Motor
    and Mechanical Load

    +
    Ia Tload
    +
    VT m Mechanical
    Ea DC Motor
    Load (Pump,
    - - - Tdev Compressor)

    Ea is Back EMF
    VT is Applied voltage
    Tdev is the Torque developed by DC Motor
    Tload is the opposing load torque
    Back E.M.F

     When a d.c. motor rotates, an e.m.f is


    induced in the armature conductors. By
    Lenz’s law this induced e.m.f (E) opposes
    the supply voltage (V), is given by:
    Back E.M.F

    𝑝𝑁𝑧 𝜙
    𝐸=
    60
     p = number of pole pairs
     z = number of conductors in the armature
     N = revolution per minute
     Ø = flux per pole
    Torque and power of DC
    Motor
     For a d.c. motor, the supply voltage (V), is given by:

     Multiplication each term by current:

    Total electrical Mechanical


    The loss due to
    power supplied power
    armature
    to the developed by
    resistance
    armature the armature
    Torque and power of DC
    Motor
     Power = torque x angular frequency

    𝑃=𝑇 𝑑𝑒𝑣 ×𝜔
    𝑁 2𝜋
    𝑃=𝑇 𝑑𝑒𝑣 ×
    60

    pz
    Tdev  Ia
    2
    Example

    Armature of a dc motor has a resistance of 1 ohm and the


    machine generates 50V at 500 rpm.
    If the armature is connected to a voltage source of V=150V
    a) What is the starting current
    b) What is the back emf when the motor rotates at 1000
    rpm.
    Example

    A six-pole, lap-wound motor is connected to a 250v


    dc supply. The armature has 500 conductors and a
    resistance of 1 ohm. The flux per pole is 20m Wb.
    Calculate:

    (a) The speed

    (b) The torque developed when the armature current is


    40 Apm.
    (a) Back e,m,f: E = V - Ia Ra= 250 – (40 x 1) = 210v

    so, N = 1260 rpm

    (b) Torque = 63.66 N.m


    Example

    A 6 pole dc motor is rotating at 600 rpm.


    The armature has 90 slots and 4 turns per
    coil. The flux per pole is 0.04 Webers.
    Determine the back emf.
    Shunt Wound Motor

     In the shunt wound motor the field


    winding is in parallel with the armature
    across the supply.

    Shunt Field Coil Armature

    RA
    I = If + I a

    V = E + IaRa
     The Characteristics :

    The
    Torque/Armature
    Current
    Characteristics

    Speed/ Armature
    Current
    Characteristics
     Example 2:

    A 230 v, 10 hp d.c. shunt motor delivers


    power to a load at 1200 r/min. the armature
    current drawn by the motor is 200 Amp. The
    armature circuit resistance of the motor is
    0.2 ohm and field resistance is 115 ohm. If
    the rotational losses are 500 W, what is the
    value of the load torque?
     The back e.m.f induced in the armature is:
    E = V – Ia Ra = 230 – (0.2 x 200) = 190v
     Power developed (in the rotor), Pdev = Eb Ia =38000 W

     Power delivered to the load, P0 = Pload


    = Pdev – Prot = Pout = 38000 – 500 = 37500 W

     Since speed: w = 2πN/60 = 2πx 1200/60 = 40 π rad/sec


     Where N is the speed in revolutions per minute (r/min),
    the torque supplied to the load can be calculated as:
     Load torque, T0 = P0 / w = 298.4 N.m
    Series - Wound Motor
     In the series wound motor the field winding is
    in series with the armature across the supply.
    RA

    Armature
    If = Ia

    Series Field Coil V = E + Ia (Ra + Rs)


     The Characteristics :

    The
    Torque/Armature
    Current
    Characteristics

    Speed/ Armature
    Current
    Characteristics
     Example 3:
    A series connected Dc motor has an armature
    resistance of 0.5 ohm and field winding
    resistance of 1.5 ohm. In driving a certain
    load at 1200 rpm, the current drawn by the
    motor is 20 Amp from a voltage source of VT =
    220 v. The rotational loss is 150 W.
    Find the output power and efficiency.
     Induced voltage: E = V – Ia (Ra + Rs) = 180v
     Power developed (in the rotor):
    Pdev = Eb Ia = 180 x 20 = 3600 W
     Power delivered to the load:
    P0 = Pdev – Prot = 3600 – 150 = 3450 W

     The total input power:

    Pin = VT Ia = 220 x 20 = 4400 W

     Therefore, efficiency can be calculated as:


    Ƞ = (P0 / Pin ) x 100% = 78.41%

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