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Prime Numbers &

Composite Numbers

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Outerline:
→ Prime Numbers
→ Prime Numbers from 1 to 100
→ Longest Prime Number
→ Properties of Prime Numbers
→ Methods to Find Prime Numbers
→ Composite Numbers
→ Composite Numbers from 1 to100
→ Properties of Composite Numbers
→ How to find Composite number
→ Types of Composite number
→ Prime Factorization of Composite Numbers
→ Is 1 Prime or Composite Number
→ Difference Between Prime and Composite Numbers
→ Points to Remember
What is a Prime number?
Prime numbers are the numbers which have only two factors, the number itself and 1.
The property of being prime is called primality.
Ex: 2,3, etc.,
What is a Prime number?
Prime numbers are the numbers which have only two factors, the number itself and 1.
The property of being prime is called primality.
Ex: 2,3, etc.,

Is 5 a Prime Number?

5 = Prime Number

= Factor

1 5
5 is a prime number because 5 is divisible by 1 and 5 only.
 PRIME
NUMBERS
1 - 100
There are 25 prime numbers from 1 to 100

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29,

31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67,
71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97.
 Longest Prime Number

The largest known prime number (as of December 2019)

is  - 1, a number which has 24,862,048 digits when
written in base 10. It was founded by Great Internet
Mersenne Prime Search (GIMPS) in 2018.
 Properties of Prime Numbers
Some of the properties of prime numbers are listed below:
 Every number greater than 1 can be divided by at least one
prime number.
 Every even positive integer greater than 2 can be expressed
as the sum of two primes.
 Except 2, all other prime numbers are odd. In other words,
we can say that 2 is the only even prime number.
 Two prime numbers are always coprime to each other.
 Each composite number can be factored into prime factors
and individually all of these are unique in nature.
Methods to Find Prime Numbers
The following two methods will help you to find whether the given
number is a prime or not.
Method 1:
We know that 2 is the only even prime number. And only two consecutive
natural numbers which are prime are 2 and 3. Apart from those, every
prime number can be written in the form of 6n + 1 or 6n – 1 (except the
multiples of prime numbers, i.e. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11), where n is a natural
number.
For example:
6(1) – 1 = 5
6(1) + 1 = 7 All these are prime numbers.
6(2) – 1 = 11
6(2) + 1 = 13
Method 2:
To know the prime numbers greater than 40, the below
formula can be used.
n2 + n + 41, where n = 0, 1, 2, ….., 39
For example:
(0)2 + 0 + 41 = 41
(1)2 + 1 + 41 = 43 The prime numbers greater than 40

(2)2 + 2 + 41 = 47
What is a Composite Number?
A composite number is a positive integer that can be formed by multiplying two
smaller positive integers. Equivalently, it is a positive integer that has at least
one divisor other than 1 and itself. 
Ex: 4, 6, 8, 9,etc.,
What is a Composite Number?
A composite number is a positive integer that can be formed by multiplying two
smaller positive integers. Equivalently, it is a positive integer that has at least
one divisor other than 1 and itself. 
Ex: 4, 6, 8, 9,etc.,

Is 10 a Composite Number?

= Composite Number

10
1 5
= Factor
10 2

Yes, 10 is a Composite Number because it has more than 2 factors. They

are 1,2,5,10.
 Composite Numbers
1 - 100
There are 75 Composite numbers from 1 to 100.

4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27,
28, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49,
50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69,
70, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81,82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90,
91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100.
Properties of Composite Numbers

The properties of composite numbers are easy to remember.

 Composite numbers have more than two factors.
 Composite numbers are evenly divisible by their factors.
 Each composite number is a factor of itself.
 The smallest composite number is 4.
 Each composite number will include at least two prime
numbers as its factors (Eg. 10 = 2 x 5, where 2 and 5 are
prime numbers).
 Composite numbers are divisible by other composite
numbers also.
How to Find the Composite Number?
The procedures to find whether a given number is prime or composite:

 Find all the factors of the positive integer.

 A number is said to be prime if it has only two factors, 1 and
itself.
 If the number has more than two factors, then it is a composite.
Example: Find if 14 is a composite number. Let us find the factors of 14.
•14÷1 = 14
•14÷2 = 7
These are the factors of 14.
•14÷7 = 2
•14÷14 = 1
As we can see, the factors of 14 are 1,2,7 and 14, so it is a composite
number.
Types of Composite Numbers
There are two main types of composite numbers in
Math's which are:
 Odd Composite Numbers or Composite Odd
Numbers.
 Even Composite Numbers or Composite Even
Numbers.
 Odd Composite Numbers:
All the odd integers which are not prime are odd
composite numbers. Examples of composite odd
numbers are 9, 15, 21, 25, 27, 31, etc.

 Even Composite Numbers:

All the even integers which are not prime are even
composite numbers. Examples of even composite
numbers are 4, 6, 8, etc.
Prime Factorization of Composite Numbers
The list of composite numerals from 1 to 50 are given here with their prime factorization. Check the
below table to understand better. With the help of this table, you can also find composites beyond 50
with their prime factorization.
Composite Numbers Prime Factors
4 2*2
6 2*3
8 2*2*2
9 3*3
10 2*5
12 2*6
14 2*7
15 3*5
16 2*8
18 2*9
20 2*2*5
21 3*7
Composite Numbers Prime Factors
22 2*11
24 2*2*2*3
25 5*5
26 2*13
27 3*3*3
28 2*2*7
30 2*3*5
32 2*2*2*2*2
33 3*11
34 2*17
35 5*7
36 2*13
38 2*19
39 3*13
40 2*2*2*5
Composite Numbers Prime Factors
42 2*3*7
44 2*2*11
45 3*3*5
46 2*23
48 2*2*2*2*3
49 7*7
50 2*5*5
 1 is a Special number

1 is not a prime 1 is not a Composite

(Because It does not have
exactly two different
1 (Because it does not have more
than 2 factors)
factors)
Differences Between Prime and Composite Numbers
The difference between the prime numbers and the composite numbers in Math's are listed below

Prime Numbers Composite Numbers

It can only be divided by 1 and It has more than two factors (1
itself, thus have only two and itself).
factors.
It can only be written as a It can be written as the product
product of two numbers of two or more numbers
Example: 5 has factors are 1 Example: 4 has factors are 1, 2
and 5 and 4
 Points to Remember:
 A prime number is a number with only 2 factors,
itself and 1.
 There are 25 prime numbers in 1 to 100.
 A composite number is a number with more
than 2 factors like 6 it has 4 factors.

 There are 75 composite numbers in 1 to 100.

 Another factor is that these 2 categories do not apply
for negative integers.
 1 is neither a prime nor composite number.