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    Communication Theory Course I.: Definitions of Communication Models and Types of Communication

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    Andra Da
    The document discusses communication theory and provides definitions and models of communication. It begins with defining elements of the communication process, and introduces three common models of communication - the action model, interaction model, and transactional model. Examples are provided for each. It also outlines a course on communication theory, which will cover traditions in communication theory, interpersonal communication, group/public communication, mass communication, and intercultural communication. Frameworks to be discussed include symbolic interactionism, coordinated management of meaning theory, dramatism, critical organization theory, uses and gratifications theory, cultivation theory, muted group theory, and face negotiation theory.

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    Communication Theory Course I.: Definitions of Communication Models and Types of Communication

    Uploaded by

    Andra Da
    27 views41 pages
    The document discusses communication theory and provides definitions and models of communication. It begins with defining elements of the communication process, and introduces three common models of communication - the action model, interaction model, and transactional model. Examples are provided for each. It also outlines a course on communication theory, which will cover traditions in communication theory, interpersonal communication, group/public communication, mass communication, and intercultural communication. Frameworks to be discussed include symbolic interactionism, coordinated management of meaning theory, dramatism, critical organization theory, uses and gratifications theory, cultivation theory, muted group theory, and face negotiation theory.

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    The document discusses communication theory and provides definitions and models of communication. It begins with defining elements of the communication process, and introduces three common models of communication - the action model, interaction model, and transactional model. Examples are provided for each. It also outlines a course on communication theory, which will cover traditions in communication theory, interpersonal communication, group/public communication, mass communication, and intercultural communication. Frameworks to be discussed include symbolic interactionism, coordinated management of meaning theory, dramatism, critical organization theory, uses and gratifications theory, cultivation theory, muted group theory, and face negotiation theory.

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    27 views41 pages

    Communication Theory Course I.: Definitions of Communication Models and Types of Communication

    Uploaded by

    Andra Da
    The document discusses communication theory and provides definitions and models of communication. It begins with defining elements of the communication process, and introduces three common models of communication - the action model, interaction model, and transactional model. Examples are provided for each. It also outlines a course on communication theory, which will cover traditions in communication theory, interpersonal communication, group/public communication, mass communication, and intercultural communication. Frameworks to be discussed include symbolic interactionism, coordinated management of meaning theory, dramatism, critical organization theory, uses and gratifications theory, cultivation theory, muted group theory, and face negotiation theory.

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    of 41

    COMMUNICATION

    THEORY
    COURSE I. DEFINITIONS OF
    COMMUNICATION
    MODELS AND TYPES OF
    COMMUNICATION

    Associate Professor Denisa-Adriana Oprea


    denisa.oprea@comunicare.ro
    Outline
     Elements of communication

     Models of communication

     Definitions of communication

     Types of communication
    Elements of the Communication
    Process
    Elements of the Communication Process
    The action model of
    communication
    The action model – example
    The action model – example
    The action model – example
    The interaction model of
    communication
    The interaction model – example
    The interaction model – example
    The interaction model – example
    The transactional model of
    communication
    The transactional model –
    example
    Exercice
     https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E5nzLSISCBE
    (Friends)

     Please identify in this communication situation


    elements pertaining to each of the communication
    models
    Concept of communication
    Dimensions of communication:
    level of observation, or abstractness
    • broad and inclusive (communication is „the
    process that links discontinous parts of the
    living world to one another”) (Ruesch,
    1957)

    • restrictive (communication is „a system (as


    of telephones or telegraphs) for
    communicating information and orders (as
    in a naval service)” (Webster, 1986)
    Concept of communication
    Dimension of communication: normative
    judgement
     „communication is the verbal interchange of a

    thought or idea” (Hoben, 1954)

     communication is „the transmission of


    information” (Berelson & Steiner, 1964)
    Concept of communication

    Dimensions of communication:
    intentionality
    •+ „Those situations in which a source
    transmits a message to a receiver with
    conscious intent to affect the later’s
    behaviors” (Miller, 1966)

    •- „Human communication has occurred


    when a human being responds to a
    symbol” (Kronkhite, 1976)
    Concept of communication

    Michael Motley (1990): “not all behavior


    is communication, only interactive
    behavior is; so in noninteractive situations
    one can indeed ‘not communicate,’ but in
    interactive situations one indeed cannot
    not communi-cate”.
    Concept of communication
    Dimension of communication: normative
    judgement
     „communication is the verbal interchange of a

    thought or idea” (Hoben, 1954)

     communication is „the transmission of


    information” (Berelson & Steiner, 1964)
    Concept of communication

    • „Imperceptible, polysemic, impossible


    to control; it slips away as soon as we
    want to analyze it, it abounds in senses
    and references, especially in
    contemporary society (...) (in which)
    communication is ubiquitous”

    • „Each and everyone of us is an integral


    part of communication, which never
    presents itself as a neutral object,
    external to itself”

    (D. Wolton, Penser la communication, p.


    14-15)
    Concept of communication

    • „Communication…. is not a secondary


    phenomenon that can be explained by
    antecedent psychological, sociological,
    cultural, or economic factors; rather,
    communication itself is the primary,
    constitutive social process that explains all
    these other factors” (R.T. Craig, 1999)
    Concept of communication
    Communication – fundamental
    anthropological experience

    There is no individual or collective life without


    communication

    Individuals cannot exist beyond society; there


    is no society without communication

    Communication – always connected to a


    cultural model, i.e. to a representation of the
    other

    (D. Wolton, Penser la communication, p. 16)


    Definition (proposition)

    Communication is the
    relational process of creating
    and interpreting messages
    that elicit a response (Em.
    Griffin)
    Outline of the course
    ● 1. Oct., 14
    Definitions of communication. Types and models of communication

    ● 2. Oct., 21
    Traditions in communication theory

    ● 3. Oct., 28
    Interpersonal communication: symbolic interactionism

    ● 4. Nov. 4
    Interpersonal communication: the interactional view, uncertainty reduction theory

    ● 5. Nov., 11
    Interpersonal communication: coordinated management of meaning

    ● 6. Nov., 18
    Interpersonal communication: relational dialectics
    Outline
    ● 7. Nov., 25
    Group and public communication: dramatism

    ● 8. Dec., 2
    Group and public communication: critical theory of communication in organizations

    ● 9. Dec., 9
    Mass communication: uses and gratifications, cultivation theory

    ● 10. Dec., 16
    Intercultural communication: muted group theory

    ● 11. Jan., 13
    Intercultural communication: face negociation theory

    ● 12. Jan., 20
    Final revision
    Bibliography
    • Barthes, R. (1957/1972). Mythologies. London: Paladin (translated by Annette Lavers).
    • Baxter, L. A. (2004). Relationships as Dialogues. Personal Relationships, vol. 11, p. 1-
    22.
    • Berger. G.R. & Calabrese, R. (1975). Some Explorations in Initial Interaction and
    Beyond: Toward a Developmental Theory of Interpersonal Communication. Human
    Communication Research, vol. 1, 99-112.
    • Burke, K. (1968). Dramatism. In Sills, D. L. (ed.), The International Encyclopedia of the
    Social Sciences. MacMillan: New York (vol. 7, p. 445-451).
    • Deetz, S. (1992). Democracy in an Age of Corporate Colonization. Developments in
    Communication and the Politics of Everyday Life. Albany: SUNY Press.
    • Floyd, K. (2011). Interpersonal Communication. McGraw - Hill Education (second
    edition) (cap. 1: “About Communication”, 3-34).
    • Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., Signorielli (1986). Living with televions. The
    Dynamics of the Cultivation Process. In Bryant, J. & Zillmann, D. (eds.), Perspectives on
    Media Effects, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 17-40.
    Bibliography
     Griffin, E., Ledbetter, A., Sparks, G. (2014). A First Look into Communication Theory,
    McGraw Hill (9th edition) (http://www.afirstlook.com/book)
     Katz, E., Blumler, J.G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and Gratifications Research.
    Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509-523.
     Kramarae, C. (1981). Women and Men Speaking, Newbury House, Rowley, MA, 1981,
    pp. v-ix, 1-63. 
     Littlejohn, S. W. & Foss, K. A. (2011). Theories of Human Communication. Long Gove, IL:
    Waveland Press (tenth edition).
     Mead, G.H. (1962). Mind, self and society: from the standpoint of a social behaviorist / ed. and with
    an introd. by Charles W. Morris, Chicago: University of Chicago. Cap.2, Meaning, p. 75-82; Cap.
    III, The Self, p. 135-226.
     Pearce, W. B. (2005). The coordinated management of meaning (CMM). In W. B. Gudykunst (ed.),
    Theorizing about intercultural communication. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 35-54.
     Ting-Toomey, S. (2005). The Matrix of Face: An Updated Face-Negotiation Theory. In W. B.
    Gudykunst (ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, p. 71-
    92.
     West, R. L. & Turner, L. H. (2013). Introducing Communication Theory: Analysis and
    Application. McGraw Hill Education. Available online at
    https://www.academia.edu/36356550/Introduction_of_Communication_Theory_West_and_Tu
    rner_.
    Assesment
     50% course + 50% seminar

     Course (multiple choice test + open items; during exam session)

     Seminar (participation + a team project + a short review of an


    academic article)

     NB: students must score at least 5 in both the course and the
    seminar in order to pass the exam
     NB: a minimum of 6 participations is required
    Seminar - Team work

    Each team is made out of 3 students

    Each presentation lasts a maximum of 15


    minutes

    The order of the presentations is


    established during the first seminar

    Topic: illustration of a tradition/theory


    /communication model from the course
    Seminar – individual work
     A review of an academic article in the field of
    Communication Theory (short summary + your
    own opinion; max. 1 page)
    Types of communication

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xX3rll
    4qRR4
    (The Big Bang Theory)
    Types of communication
    Level of analysis Type of communication
    micro intrapersonal; interpersonal
    mezzo group, organizational, public
    macro mass communication
    transverse intercultural
    Types of communication
    Types of communication. Interpersonal
    communication (micro level)
    - the most common communication situation

    - involves an instrumental or emotional


    relationship between two persons

    - face to face as well as through electronic


    channels (video-conferencing, chat rooms,
    e-mail, Twitter etc.)

    - uses multiple simultaneous channels


    (seeing, hearing, touching)

    - immediate feedback, involves factors that


    facilitate or inhibit it

    - verbal and non-verbal (55% of information


    is perceived and retained through non-
    verbal language)
    Types of communication. Group communication (mezzo
    level)

    groups: small human collectivities

    exchange ideas and emotions; solve


    problems; share experiences, values and
    common interests; achieving common
    goals

    the members (1) share a goal, (2) create


    identities for the group and its individuals,
    and (3) influence each other and develop
    strategies and tactics to control each other
    and maintain the group
    Types of communication. Public
    communication (mezzo level)
    Communication for an exchange of ideas and
    opinions

    Means of public communications evolved over


    time, as well as public opinions, policies and
    ideas

    But the exchange or transaction of ideas


    remains constant

    People respond and react within public groups,


    thereby contributing to and shaping public
    discourse
    Types of communication. Mass communication
    (macro level)

    made for masses of strangers, by specialized


    institutions and with specific means

    a range of socio-cultural phenomena closely


    related to developments in science and
    technology

    the unidirectional and mediated character of


    communication

    the response of the message receiver group to


    the transmitter group is slow, even indifferent
    Types of communication. Mass
    communication (macro level)
    Mass communications is the broadcast of
    an unanswerable voice to a large audience

    In contrast to public communications,


    mass communications does not involve an
    exchange of ideas, but is, rather, the
    delivery and receipt of a mass message or
    messages

    The inhabitants of a mass society may


    dissent or disagree with the mass message
    transmitted, but there is still uniformity
    and universality of the message
    Types of communication. Intercultural communication (transverse
    level)

    a communication process that takes place


    between people aware of their cultural
    differences

    both interpersonal communication (direct,


    indirect) and communication mediated
    in its various forms (film, television,
    radio, internet etc.)

    "Intercultural are all those relationships in


    which participants do not relate solely to
    their own codes, conventions, views and
    behaviors, but in which other codes,
    conventions, views and behaviors will be
    discovered. In addition, they are lived and /
    or defined as foreign "(A. Bruck, 1994).
    To read for next week
     Craig, R. T. (1999). Communication Theory as a
    Field. Communication Theory, vol. 9, issue 2, 119-
    161.

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