Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
32 views

Domain & Range of Functions

The document defines relations, functions, domains, and ranges. It also discusses inverse functions, exponential functions, logarithmic functions, and properties of logarithms such as the product, quotient, and power rules. The objectives are to determine domains, ranges, inverses, and apply properties of exponential and logarithmic functions.

Uploaded by

Bretana joan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
32 views

Domain & Range of Functions

The document defines relations, functions, domains, and ranges. It also discusses inverse functions, exponential functions, logarithmic functions, and properties of logarithms such as the product, quotient, and power rules. The objectives are to determine domains, ranges, inverses, and apply properties of exponential and logarithmic functions.

Uploaded by

Bretana joan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 45

• Exponential

• and
• Logarithmic
Functions
Def: Relation
• A relation is a set of ordered pairs.
• Designated by:
• Listing
• Graphs
• Tables
• Algebraic equation
• Picture
• Sentence
Def: Function
• A function is a set of ordered pairs
in which no two different ordered
pairs have the same first component.

• Vertical line test – used to


determine whether a graph
represents a function.
Defs: domain and range

• Domain: The set of first


components of a relation.
• Range: The set of second
components of a relation
Examples of Relations:

1, 2  , 3, 4 5, 6 


1, 2 , 3, 2 , 5, 2 
1, 2 , 1, 4 , 1,6 
Objectives

• Determine the domain, range of


relations.
• Determine if relation is a
function.
Intermediate Algebra 9.2

• Inverse Functions
Inverse of a function
• The inverse of a function is determined by
interchanging the domain and the range of
the original function.
• The inverse of a function
1
f
is not necessarily
a function.
 1
• Designated by
• and read f inverse
f
One-to-One function

• Def: A function is a one-to-one


function if no two different
ordered pairs have the same
second coordinate.
Horizontal Line Test

• A function is a one-to-one
function if and only if no
horizontal line intersects the
graph of the function at more
than one point.
Inverse of a function

f  1, 2  , 3, 4  , 5,6 

f 1
  2,1 4,3 ,  6,5 
Inverse of function

f  1, 2  , 3, 2  , 5, 2 

f 1
  2,1 ,  2,3 ,  2,5 
Objectives:
• Determine the inverse of a function whose
ordered pairs are listed.
• Determine if a function is one to one.
• Exponential Functions
Michael Crichton – The Andromeda Strain
(1971)
• The mathematics of uncontrolled
growth are frightening. A single cell
of the bacterium E. coli would, under
ideal circumstances, divide every
twenty minutes. It this way it can be
shown that in a single day, one cell of
E. coli could produce a super-colony
equal in size and weight to the entire
planet Earth.”
x
  log b x  log b y
y
xy   log b x  log b y
Definition of Exponential
Function
• If b>0 and b not equal to 1 and x is any real
x
 1
 1    e
 x
number, an exponential function is written
as
x
f ( x)  b
Graphs-Determine domain,
range, function, 1-1, x intercepts,
y intercepts, asymptotes

x
f ( x)  2
Graphs-Determine domain,
range, function, 1-1, x intercepts,
y intercepts, asymptotes
x
1
g ( x)   
2
x
Growth and Decay f ( x)  b
• Growth: if b > 1

• Decay: if 0 < b < 1


Properties of graphs of
exponential functions
• Function and 1 to 1
• y intercept is (0,1) and no x intercept(s)
• Domain is all real numbers
• Range is {y|y>0}
• Graph approaches but does not touch x
axis – x axis is asymptote
• Growth or decay determined by base
Natural Base e
x
 1
as x   1    e
 x
e  2.718281828
Calculator Keys

• Second function of divide


• Second function of LN (left
side)
x
e
Property of equivalent exponents
• For b>0 and b not equal to 1

x y
if b b
then x y
Compound Interest
• A= amount P = Principal t = time
• r = rate per year
• n = number of times compounded
nt
 r
A  P 1  
 n
Compound interest problem
• Find the accumulated amount in an account
if $5,000 is deposited at 6% compounded
quarterly for 10 years.
 4 10 
 .06 
A  5000 1  
 4 

A  $9070.09
Objectives:

• Determine and graph


exponential functions.
• Use the natural base e
• Use the compound interest
formula.
Dwight Eisenhower – American
President
• “Pessimism never
won any battle.”
• Logarithmic Functions
Definition: Logarithmic Function
• For x > 0, b > 0 and b not equal to 1 toe
logarithm of x with base b is defined by the
following:

y
log b x  y  x  b
Properties of Logarithmic Function
• Domain:{x|x>0}
• Range: all real numbers
• x intercept: (1,0)
• No y intercept
• Approaches y axis as vertical
asymptote
• Base determines shape.
Shape of logarithmic graphs

• For b > 1, the graph rises from


left to right.

• For 0 < b < 1, the graphs falls


from left to right.
Common Logarithmic Function
The logarithmic function with
base 10

log10 x  y  log x  y
Natural logarithmic function
The logarithmic function with a
base of e

log e x  y  ln x  y
Calculator Keys

• [LOG]
• [LN]
Objective:

• Determine the common


log or natural log of any
number in the domain of
the logarithmic function.
Change of Base Formula
• For x > 0 for any positive bases a and b

log a x
log b x 
log a b
Problem: change of base
log10 5 log 5
log 3 5  
log10 3 log3
log e 5 ln 5  1.46

log e 3 ln 3
Objective

• Use the change of base


formula to determine an
approximation to the
logarithm of a number when
the base is not 10 or e.
• Properties
• of
• Logarithms
Basic Properties of logarithms

log b 1  0
log b b  1
log b x  log b y  x  y
For x>0, y>0, b>0 and b not 1
Product rule of Logarithms

log b  xy   log b x  log b y


For x>0, y>0, b>0 and b not 1
Quotient rule for Logarithms

x
log b    log b x  log b y
 y
For x>0, y>0, b>0 and b not 1
Power rule for Logarithms

log b x  r  log b x 
r
Objectives:

• Apply the product, quotient,


and power properties of
logarithms.
• Combine and Expand
logarithmic expressions
Theorems summary Logarithms:

I .log b  xy   log b x  log b y


x
II .log b    log b x  log b y
 y
III .log b x  r  log b x 
r

You might also like