Module 1 - Introduction To Database Systems
Module 1 - Introduction To Database Systems
Prepared by:
John Philip Miguel
A.Y. 2020 - 21
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Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology
MODUL
E Database, Data vs. Information
CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL
1
It can be argued that the ultimate purpose of all
business information systems is to help
businesses use information as an organizational
resource. At the heart of all of these systems are
the collection, storage, aggregation, manipulation,
dissemination, and management of data.
Depending on the type of information system and the
characteristics of the business, these data could vary from a few
megabytes on just one or two topics to terabytes covering
hundreds of topics within the business’s internal and external
environment. How can these businesses process this much
data? How can they store it all, and then quickly retrieve just the
facts that decision makers want to know, just when they want to
know it? The answer is that they use databases. Databases are
specialized structures that allow computer-based systems to
store, manage, and retrieve data very quickly.
Data
● raw facts - facts
have not yet been Information
processed to reveal ● result of processing
their meaning raw data to reveal its
meaning - to reveal
meaning, information
requires context
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Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology
MODUL
Transforming raw data into
E
information
1 CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL
Information can be
used as the foundation
for decision making.
Keep in mind that raw
data must be properly
formatted for storage,
processing, and
presentation. More
complex formatting is
required when working
with complex data
types, such as
sounds, videos, or
images.
Let’s summarize some key points:
● Data constitute the building blocks of information.
● Information is produced by processing data.
● Information is used to reveal the meaning of data.
● Accurate, relevant, and timely information is the key to good
decision making.
● Good decision making is the key to organizational survival in
a global environment
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Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology
MODUL
E Database: Definition and Its Role
CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL
1
Efficient data management typically requires the use of a
computer database. A database is a shared, integrated computer
structure that stores a collection of:
● End-user data, that is, raw facts of interest to the end user.
● Metadata, or data about data, through which the end-user
data are integrated and managed. Given the characteristics
of metadata, you might hear a database described as a
“collection of self-describing data.”
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Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology
MODUL
E Advantages & Types of DBMS
CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL
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01 Improved data sharing
helps create an environment in which end users have
better access to more and better-managed data
1
Location might also be used to classify the database. a database
that supports data located at a single site is called a centralized
database. A database that supports data distributed across
several different sites is called a distributed database.
Database can also be classified based on how they will be used
and on the time sensitivity of the information gathered from
themA database that is designed primarily to support a
company’s day-to-day operations is classified as an operational
database (sometimes referred to as a transactional or production
database). In contrast, a data warehouse focuses primarily on
storing data used to generate information required to make
tactical or strategic decisions.
Databases can also be classified to reflect the degree to which
the data are structured. Unstructured data are data that exist in
their original (raw) state, that is, in the format in which they were
collected. Structured data are the result of taking unstructured
data and formatting (structuring) such data to facilitate storage,
use, and the generation of information. Semistructured data are
data that have already been processed to some extent.
Unstructured and semistructured data storage and management
needs are being addressed through a new generation of
databases known as XML databases. Extensible Markup
Language (XML) is a special language used to represent and
manipulate data elements in a textual format.
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Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology
MODUL
E Why Database Design is Important
CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL
1
Database design refers to the activities that focus on the design
of the database structure that will be used to store and manage
end-user data. Proper database design requires the designer to
identify precisely the database’s expected use. Designing a
transactional database emphasizes accurate and consistent data
and operational speed. Designing a data warehouse database
emphasizes the use of historical and aggregated data. Designing
a database to be used in a centralized single-user environment
requires a different approach from that used in the design of a
distributed, multiuser database.
Designing appropriate data repositories of integrated information
using the two-dimensional table structures found in most
databases is a process of decomposition. The integrated data
must be decomposed properly into its constituent parts, with each
part stored in its own table. Further, the relationships between
these tables must be carefully considered and implemented so
that the integrated view of the data can be re-created later as
information for the end user. A well-designed database facilitates
data management and generates accurate and valuable
information. A poorly designed database is likely to become a
breeding ground for difficult-to-trace errors that may lead to bad
decision making—and bad decision making can lead to the failure
of an organization.
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Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology
MODUL
Evolution of File System Data
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Processing
1 CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL
CUSTOMER FILE
AGENT FILE
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Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology
MODUL
Problems with File Systems Data
E
Processing
1 CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL
05 Extensive programming
making changes to an existing file structure can be
difficult in a file system environment
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Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology
MODUL
Summary, Evaluation and
E
References | Knowledge Check
1 CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL
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Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology