Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
91 views

Module 1 - Introduction To Database Systems

This document provides an introduction to database systems. It begins by explaining that a database is a specialized structure that allows computer systems to efficiently store, manage, and retrieve large amounts of data for use in decision making. The document distinguishes between data, which are raw facts, and information, which results from processing data to reveal its meaning. It then defines a database as a shared, integrated collection of user data and metadata that describes the data. A database management system is software that manages the database and allows users to access the data. The document lists several advantages of using a database management system, such as improved data sharing, security, integration and access. It also categorizes databases according to number of users, location, and intended use
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
91 views

Module 1 - Introduction To Database Systems

This document provides an introduction to database systems. It begins by explaining that a database is a specialized structure that allows computer systems to efficiently store, manage, and retrieve large amounts of data for use in decision making. The document distinguishes between data, which are raw facts, and information, which results from processing data to reveal its meaning. It then defines a database as a shared, integrated collection of user data and metadata that describes the data. A database management system is software that manages the database and allows users to access the data. The document lists several advantages of using a database management system, such as improved data sharing, security, integration and access. It also categorizes databases according to number of users, location, and intended use
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

MO D U L E 1

Prepared by:
John Philip Miguel
A.Y. 2020 - 21

Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology


MODUL
E Introduction to Database Systems
CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL

1 Before starting the module, please set aside


other task/s that will disturb you while you
go through the lessons and activities. Take
down notes as you go along and let your
instructor know immediately any questions.
Check Speaker Notes for more information
regarding the slide.
About this
Module In this module, you will learn what a
database is, what it does, and why it yields
better results.

Learning In this module, you will learn:


outcomes ● The difference between data and
information
● What a database is, the various types of
databases, and why they are valuable
assets for decision making
● The importance of database design
● How modern databases evolved from
file systems
● About flaws in file system data
management

2
Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology
MODUL
E Database, Data vs. Information
CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL

1
It can be argued that the ultimate purpose of all
business information systems is to help
businesses use information as an organizational
resource. At the heart of all of these systems are
the collection, storage, aggregation, manipulation,
dissemination, and management of data.
Depending on the type of information system and the
characteristics of the business, these data could vary from a few
megabytes on just one or two topics to terabytes covering
hundreds of topics within the business’s internal and external
environment. How can these businesses process this much
data? How can they store it all, and then quickly retrieve just the
facts that decision makers want to know, just when they want to
know it? The answer is that they use databases. Databases are
specialized structures that allow computer-based systems to
store, manage, and retrieve data very quickly.

Data
● raw facts - facts
have not yet been Information
processed to reveal ● result of processing
their meaning raw data to reveal its
meaning - to reveal
meaning, information
requires context

3
Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology
MODUL
Transforming raw data into
E
information
1 CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL

Information can be
used as the foundation
for decision making.
Keep in mind that raw
data must be properly
formatted for storage,
processing, and
presentation. More
complex formatting is
required when working
with complex data
types, such as
sounds, videos, or
images.
Let’s summarize some key points:
● Data constitute the building blocks of information.
● Information is produced by processing data.
● Information is used to reveal the meaning of data.
● Accurate, relevant, and timely information is the key to good
decision making.
● Good decision making is the key to organizational survival in
a global environment

Data management is a discipline that focuses on the proper


generation, storage, and retrieval of data. Given the crucial role
that data play, it should not surprise you that data management is
a core activity for any business, government agency, service
organization, or charity

4
Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology
MODUL
E Database: Definition and Its Role
CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL

1
Efficient data management typically requires the use of a
computer database. A database is a shared, integrated computer
structure that stores a collection of:
● End-user data, that is, raw facts of interest to the end user.
● Metadata, or data about data, through which the end-user
data are integrated and managed. Given the characteristics
of metadata, you might hear a database described as a
“collection of self-describing data.”

A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of


programs that manages the database structure and controls
access to the data stored in the database. In a sense, a database
resembles a very well-organized electronic filing cabinet in which
powerful software, known as a database management system,
helps manage the cabinet’s contents. The DBMS serves as the
intermediary between the user and the database. The database
structure itself is stored as a collection of files, and the only way
to access the data in those files is through the DBMS.

5
Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology
MODUL
E Advantages & Types of DBMS
CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL

1
01 Improved data sharing
helps create an environment in which end users have
better access to more and better-managed data

02 Improved data security


provides a framework for better enforcement of data
privacy and security policies

well-managed data promotes an integrated view of the


03 Better data integration organization’s operations and a clearer view of the big
picture

04 Minimized data inconsistency


Data inconsistency exists when different versions of
the same data appear in different places

produce quick answers to ad hoc queries - a query is a

05 Improved data access


specific request issued to the DBMS for data
manipulation; an ad hoc query is a spur-of-the-moment
question

Data quality is a comprehensive approach to


06 Improved decision making promoting the accuracy, validity, and timeliness of the
data

empowers end users to make quick, informed


07 Increased end-user productivity decisions that can make the difference between
success and failure in the global economy

Databases can be classified according to


● the number of users,
● the database location(s), and
● the expected type and extent of use.
The number of users determines whether the database is
classified as single-user or multiuser. A single-user database
supports only one user at a time. A single-user database that runs
on a personal computer is called a desktop database. In contrast,
a multiuser database supports multiple users at the same time.
When it supports less than 50 users, it is called workgroup
database and enterprise database for more than 50.
6
Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology
MODUL
E Advantages & Types of DBMS
CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL

1
Location might also be used to classify the database. a database
that supports data located at a single site is called a centralized
database. A database that supports data distributed across
several different sites is called a distributed database.
Database can also be classified based on how they will be used
and on the time sensitivity of the information gathered from
themA database that is designed primarily to support a
company’s day-to-day operations is classified as an operational
database (sometimes referred to as a transactional or production
database). In contrast, a data warehouse focuses primarily on
storing data used to generate information required to make
tactical or strategic decisions.
Databases can also be classified to reflect the degree to which
the data are structured. Unstructured data are data that exist in
their original (raw) state, that is, in the format in which they were
collected. Structured data are the result of taking unstructured
data and formatting (structuring) such data to facilitate storage,
use, and the generation of information. Semistructured data are
data that have already been processed to some extent.
Unstructured and semistructured data storage and management
needs are being addressed through a new generation of
databases known as XML databases. Extensible Markup
Language (XML) is a special language used to represent and
manipulate data elements in a textual format.

7
Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology
MODUL
E Why Database Design is Important
CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL

1
Database design refers to the activities that focus on the design
of the database structure that will be used to store and manage
end-user data. Proper database design requires the designer to
identify precisely the database’s expected use. Designing a
transactional database emphasizes accurate and consistent data
and operational speed. Designing a data warehouse database
emphasizes the use of historical and aggregated data. Designing
a database to be used in a centralized single-user environment
requires a different approach from that used in the design of a
distributed, multiuser database.
Designing appropriate data repositories of integrated information
using the two-dimensional table structures found in most
databases is a process of decomposition. The integrated data
must be decomposed properly into its constituent parts, with each
part stored in its own table. Further, the relationships between
these tables must be carefully considered and implemented so
that the integrated view of the data can be re-created later as
information for the end user. A well-designed database facilitates
data management and generates accurate and valuable
information. A poorly designed database is likely to become a
breeding ground for difficult-to-trace errors that may lead to bad
decision making—and bad decision making can lead to the failure
of an organization.

8
Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology
MODUL
Evolution of File System Data
E
Processing
1 CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL

Manual File Systems system of file folders and filing cabinets

computer files within the file system were similar to the


Computerized File Systems manual files; e description of computer files requires a
specialized vocabulary;

CUSTOMER FILE

AGENT FILE

Popularity of spreadsheet applications has enabled users to


conduct sophisticated analysis of data that has greatly
enhanced their ability to understand the data and make better
File Systems Redux: Modern End-User
decisions; Due to the large number of users with spreadsheets,
Productivity Tools each making separate copies of the data, the resulting “file
system” of spreadsheets suffers from the same problems as
the file systems created by the early DP specialists

9
Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology
MODUL
Problems with File Systems Data
E
Processing
1 CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL

first and most glaring problem with the file system


01 Lengthy development times approach is that even the simplest data-retrieval task
requires extensive programming

02 Difficulty of getting quick answers


the need to write programs to produce even the
simplest reports makes ad hoc queries impossible

03 Complex system administration


simple file system with a few files requires creating and
maintaining several file management programs

Lack of security and limited data


04 sharing
sharing data among multiple geographically dispersed
users introduces a lot of security risks

05 Extensive programming
making changes to an existing file structure can be
difficult in a file system environment

file is dependent on its structure and changes in the


characteristics of data require changes in all the
06 Structural and Data Dependence programs that access the file. Structural independence
exists when it is possible to make changes in the file
structure without affecting the application program’s
ability to access the data. Data independence exists
when it is possible to make changes in the data
storage characteristics without affecting the
application program’s ability to access the data.

Data redundancy exists when the same data are stored


unnecessarily at different places. Uncontrolled data
07 Data Redundancy redundancy sets the stage for:
● Poor data security - having multiple copies of
data increases the chances for a copy of the
data to be susceptible to unauthorized access
● Data inconsistency - exists when different and
conflicting versions of the same data appearing
different places
● Data anomalies - develops when not all of the
required changes in the redundant data are
made successfully

Lack of Design and Data-


08 Modeling Skills
A new problem that has evolved with the use of
personal productivity tools (such as spreadsheet and
desktop databases) is that users typically lack the
knowledge of proper design and data-modeling skills

10
Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology
MODUL
Summary, Evaluation and
E
References | Knowledge Check
1 CC105 Information Management | Prepared by: JOHN PHILIP MIGUEL

Conclusion Congrats! You have finally reached the end


of this module. By this time, you already
understand and perform the following:
✓ The difference between data and
information
✓ What a database is, the various types of
databases, and why they are valuable
assets for decision making
✓ The importance of database design
✓ How modern databases evolved from
file systems
✓ About flaws in file system data
management

Module This module needs to know what needs to


Evaluation be sustained and improved. Please answer
this survey questionnaire completely and
truthfully.

Reference ★ Carlos Coronel, Steven Morris, and


Peter Rob Database Systems: Design,
Implementation, and Management,
Tenth Edition 2013

11
Pateros Technological College BS in Information Technology

You might also like