Aleena Fatima (Mphil 13F21)

STEALTH TECHNOLOGY
Presented by:
 Aleena Fatima
 Roll# M.Phil-13F21
Presented to:
 Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Rafique
1
University of Punjab
Welcome to my presentation….
Contents
 Introduction
 History
 Radar
 Radar Cross Section (RCS):
 Methods to Reduce RCS:
2  Benefit of Stealth Technology
 Limitations of Stealth Technology
 The Future of Stealth Technology
 Conclusion
Introduction
 Scientifically known as low observatory.
 It is technique in which we can make any object almost invisible.
 It is important technology which is used in military operations.
 The objective was to make objects less visible or partially invisible
to radar, infrared and other detection methods.
 Similar to camouflage tactics used by soldiers.
3
History
 It was developed in the late 1930’s by Germany during last
year of WWII
 It was mainly developed to make planes undetectable by
radars
 It was later extended to ships and submarines also
 First ever working stealth
aircraft was developed by
4
Lockheed Martin in in 1983
called the F-117A nicknamed
as the “Nighthawk”.
Radar
 RADAR is the acronym for Radio Detection and Ranging.
 Radar is an object-detection system that uses radio waves to determine
the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects.
 Military uses it to detect the enemy and to guide weapons
 . Radio waves are simply non-visible forms of light.
 The idea behind radar is to transmit a radio wave and then receive the
reflection from an aircraft.
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 . RADAR basically works on two major principles.
1. Echo
2. Doppler shift
Echo
 It occurs because some of the sound waves in your shout reflect off
of a surface and travel back to your ears.
 This same exact principle applies to radio waves.
 The amount of time between the transmission and the reception can
be used to determine how far away the plane is from the radar
station..
6
Doppler Shift
 Doppler shift occurs when sound is generated by, or reflected off of,
a moving object.
 if the reflected wave frequency is higher so this means that the target
is moving towards the transmitter.
 if lower then moving away from the transmitter.
 If pitch of echo is measured it can be determined how fast object is
going.
7
Radar Cross Section (RCS):
 Radar cross section is the measure of a how much Radar signals

reflected by target with respective the direction of radar receiver.
 Various techniques have been tried to minimize detection.
 Some of techniques used for this purpose are:
• Radar detection
• Infrared detection
• Acoustic detection
8 • Visual detection
 Reduction in these detections is basically principle of stealth
technology
Cont.…..
 All stealth aircraft have their payload mounted inside the plane.
 Overall size of the aircraft should be relatively small.
 Reflective coatings are painted onto the cockpit.
 The aircraft’s should design to minimize intake cavities.
 Engine intakes incorporate an S-shaped duct so that the turbine blades
are not visible to radar.
9
Shaping
 Conventional aircraft have a rounded shape.
 A stealth aircraft is made up of completely flat surfaces and very
sharp edges.
10
11
Infrared Stealth
 Thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature is
detected
 Hot materials such as engine exhaust gases or wing surfaces heated by
friction with the air emit more infrared radiation than cooler material.
 Embedding jet engines inside the wing is one basic design step
towards infrared stealth.
 Other measures include extra shielding of hotter parts mixing of cooler
air with hot.
12
Acoustic Stealth
 The engines of stealth planes should be designed such that noise
emitted by them is minimum.
 engines should be placed deep inside the plane.
 Slow turning propellers were used to minimize noise in earlier designs.
 Including sound-absorbent linings inside engine intake and exhaust
cowlings.
13
Visual Stealth
 Low visibility is desirable for all military aircraft and is essential for
stealth aircraft.
 It is achieved by coloring the aircraft so that it tends to blend in with
its environment.
 Black is a low visibility color at night, at any altitude.
 Conventional daytime fighter aircraft are painted a shade of blue
known as "air-superiority blue-grey," to blend in with the sky.
14  Stealth aircraft are flown at night for maximum visual stealth, and so
are painted black or dark grey.
 Research is being conducted for day time by using paints and
polymers.
Radar Absorbing Material
 RAM is class of materials used in stealth technology to disguise
vehicle or structure from radar detection.
 Types of RAM are:
• Ion Ball paint
• Foam absorber
• Jauman absorber
15
Radar Absorbing Material
 Nano structural composite material absorbing without reflection radar
waves.
 The material that is used to paint the stealth can be made of special
materials like carbon powder in the glue or silicon based inorganic
compound that would absorb the radar waves that fall on the plane.
 Dielectric materials are used as they are transparent to radar waves.
 Composited of ferrites are used to optimize dielectric and magnetic
16 properties.
 The material used in construction of planes is non metallic.
Benefits of Stealth Technology
o Reduce the casualty rate during the war.
o Develop the military secretes
o Bluff the anti-detective device
o Lesser number of stealth aircrafts required
o We can perform spy mission
o Can be used in Civil aviation.
o Results in decrease in safety of plane
o Stealth aircraft are invisible to RADAR
17
LIMITATIONS OF STEALTH
o Instability of design
o Aerodynamic limitations
o Reduced payload amount capacity
o Cost of maintenance is high
o Sensitive skin
o Cost of operations
o cannot fly as fast as conventional air craft
18
Future of Stealth Technology
 Development in field of defense.
 Stealth technology has improved significantly more
advanced.
 Stealth technology are not yet available worldwide,
but military forces around the world will soon begin
19 to attempt to mimic some of the key features of
stealth planes.
 Most countries are investigating heavily in them and
emerging technologies.
Conclusion
 Undoubtedly, stealth technology is future of military combat
and at present is one of the best technology to make things
invisible as far as possible.
 But, the main problem with stealth is its very high cost and
because of this not all nations can adopt this technology.
 so., we need to find ways to reduce cost or adopt a different
technology with stealth like characteristics and at low cost.
20
(nano technology).
21
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STEALTH TECHNOLOGY

 Radar cross section is the measure of a how much Radar signals

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