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    Optical Fiber: Jawad Abdul Qayyum 07-0282

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    Jawad Abdul Qayyum
    The document discusses optical fiber, which consists of thin glass fibers that carry light signals for telecommunication and has advantages over copper wire transmission. Optical fiber was developed in the 1970s and operates using the principle of total internal reflection to transmit light signals through the fiber's core. The document also covers the generations of optical fiber technology and its increasing data transmission capabilities.

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    Optical Fiber: Jawad Abdul Qayyum 07-0282

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    Jawad Abdul Qayyum
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    The document discusses optical fiber, which consists of thin glass fibers that carry light signals for telecommunication and has advantages over copper wire transmission. Optical fiber was developed in the 1970s and operates using the principle of total internal reflection to transmit light signals through the fiber's core. The document also covers the generations of optical fiber technology and its increasing data transmission capabilities.

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    The document discusses optical fiber, which consists of thin glass fibers that carry light signals for telecommunication and has advantages over copper wire transmission. Optical fiber was developed in the 1970s and operates using the principle of total internal reflection to transmit light signals through the fiber's core. The document also covers the generations of optical fiber technology and its increasing data transmission capabilities.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    15 views14 pages

    Optical Fiber: Jawad Abdul Qayyum 07-0282

    Uploaded by

    Jawad Abdul Qayyum
    The document discusses optical fiber, which consists of thin glass fibers that carry light signals for telecommunication and has advantages over copper wire transmission. Optical fiber was developed in the 1970s and operates using the principle of total internal reflection to transmit light signals through the fiber's core. The document also covers the generations of optical fiber technology and its increasing data transmission capabilities.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Optical fiber

    Presented By:
    Jawad Abdul Qayyum
    07-0282
    Elements of a Telecommunication System
    Telecommunication Channels

     Transmission lines: carrier is electrical


    energy, channel is copper wire.
     Optical Fiber: carrier is electromagnetic
    energy at light frequency, carrier is
    optical fiber
     Radio Waves: carrier is electromagnetic
    energy at Radio frequency, aerial carriers
    are used.
    Introduction of optical fiber

    • Medium of transferring information

    •Developed in 1970’s, replacing copper


    wire

    •Thin, flexible, transparent fiber acts as


    “light pipe”

    •Field concerned with optical fibers is


    known as fiber optics
    Comparison b/w Optic fiber & Copper
    Wire
    OPTICAL FIBER COPPER WIRE
     Higher Bandwidth  Lesser Bandwidth
     Glass is cheaper &  Copper is an expensive
    lighter metal
     Transfer medium is safe  Electrical discharge
    i.e. light. would be dangerous
     Higher carrying  Less wire can be bundled
    capacity in copper wire
     The loss of signal is less
     Most of signal is lost due
    to heating up of wire
    Generations of Optic Fiber
    First Generation
     System operated at a bit rate of 45 Mbps with repeater spacing
    of up to 10 km.
     On 22 April, General Telephone and Electronics sent the first
    live telephone traffic through fiber optics at a 6 Mbit/s

    Second Generation
     Developed for commercial use in early 1980s.
     Operated at 1.3 µm, & used InGaAsP semiconductor lasers.
     By 1987, these systems were operating at bit rates of up to
    1.7 Gb/s with repeater spacing up to 50 km.
    Third Generation
     Operated at 1.55 µm and had losses of about 0.2 dB/km.
     using dispersion-shifted fibers designed to have minimal
    dispersion at 1.55 µm
     Third-generation systems commercially operated at 2.5 Gbit/s
    with repeater spacing in excess of 100 km, a huge difference

    Fourth Generation
     Optical amplification Systems , to reduce the need for
    repeaters.
     Increase data capacity by wavelength-division multiplexing .
     In 2001, Bit rate of 10 Tb/s reached, revolution in Telecom
    Fifth Generation

     In development phase, main focus on extending


    the wavelength range over which a WDM system
    can operate.
     C band, covers the wavelength range 1.53-1.57 µm
     New dry fiber range of 1.30-1.65 µm.
    Structure of Optical Fiber
     Core - Thin glass center of the
    fiber where the light travels
     Cladding - Outer optical material
    surrounding the core that reflects
    the light back into the core
     Buffer coating - Plastic coating
    that protects the fiber from
    damage and moisture
     Jacket – which strengthens the
    wire
    Principle In Optical Fiber
     Total internal reflection principle is used.
     Light emitting diodes produces the light in glass
    Fiber.
     Glass fiber are “waveguides”
    for light
     Light travels through the
    core (hallway) by constantly
    bouncing from the cladding
    (mirror-lined walls).
    Advantages
     Light signals - Unlike electrical signals in copper
    wires, light signals from one fiber do not interfere
    with those of other fibers in the same cable. This
    means clearer phone conversations or TV reception.
     Low power - Because signals in optical fibers degrade
    less, lower-power transmitters can be used instead of
    the high-voltage electrical transmitters needed for
    copper wires. Again, this saves your provider and you
    money.
     Digital signals - Optical fibers are ideally suited for
    carrying digital information, which is especially useful
    in computer networks.
    Types of optical fiber
    Two major projects of optical fiber:

    SEE ME WE 3

    SEE ME WE 4
    Conclusion

     Low attenuation and very low dispersion.


     We can achieve very high band width or high
    data rate.
     Vast array of applications in computer systems.
     Future of telecom industry.
     Can handle ever-increasing data loads,
    increasing processing speeds.

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