Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 42 views

    Vancomycin Therapy

    Uploaded by

    فاطمة عدنان حسين
    Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat serious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria like MRSA and C. difficile. It works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. It comes as capsules, injections, and oral solutions and is administered intravenously or orally. Common side effects include red man syndrome, kidney damage, and hearing loss. It interacts with many other drugs and use requires monitoring in patients with renal impairment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Vancomycin Therapy

    Uploaded by

    فاطمة عدنان حسين
    42 views13 pages
    Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat serious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria like MRSA and C. difficile. It works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. It comes as capsules, injections, and oral solutions and is administered intravenously or orally. Common side effects include red man syndrome, kidney damage, and hearing loss. It interacts with many other drugs and use requires monitoring in patients with renal impairment.

    Original Description:

    TherApy therapy

    Original Title

    vancomycin therapy

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat serious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria like MRSA and C. difficile. It works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. It comes as capsules, injections, and oral solutions and is administered intravenously or orally. Common side effects include red man syndrome, kidney damage, and hearing loss. It interacts with many other drugs and use requires monitoring in patients with renal impairment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    42 views13 pages

    Vancomycin Therapy

    Uploaded by

    فاطمة عدنان حسين
    Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat serious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria like MRSA and C. difficile. It works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. It comes as capsules, injections, and oral solutions and is administered intravenously or orally. Common side effects include red man syndrome, kidney damage, and hearing loss. It interacts with many other drugs and use requires monitoring in patients with renal impairment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    ‫‪Vancomycin‬‬

    ‫اعداد الصيدالني‬
    ‫عقيل يونس‬
    Introduction
    • Antibacterial , tricyclic glycopeptide antibiotic.
    • Used to treat gram-positive infection caused by :
    1. Bactericidal :
    • Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant 
    S. epidermidis (MRSE) & C. Difficile .
    • Individuals with serious allergy to penicillins or to beta-
    lactam antimicrobials .

    2. Bacteriostatic :
    • Enterococci
    Mechanism of action
    • Vancomycin acts by inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis of
    bacteria.
    • blocks glycopeptide polymerization by binding tightly to D-
    alanyl-D-alanine portion of cell wall precursor
    • Prevents cross -linking of the peptidoglycan layer .
    Dosage Forms
    • Capsule (Vancocin) :
    125mg & 250mg

    • Injection, lyophilized powder for reconstitution :


    500mg, 750mg, 1g, 5g & 10g
    Dosage Forms
    • Kit, powder for oral solution (Firvanq) :
    3.75g, 7.5g, 10.5g & 15g

    • Injection, single-dose flexible bag :


    500mg/100ml, 750mg/150ml, 1g/200ml,
    1.25g/250ml, 1.5g/300ml, 1.75g/350ml &
    2g/400ml
    Pharmacokinetic data
    • Bioavailability : (Oral) Negligible
    (IV) Peak serum time immediately after completion
    of infusion
    • Protein bound : ~50%
    • VD : 0.3-0.43 L/kg (IV)
    • Metabolism : Excreted unchanged
    • Half-life : (IV) 4-6 hr (normal renal function); 7.5 days (anephric
    patients)
    • Excretion : Urine
    Indications
    • Staphylococcal Enterocolitis
    • Clostridium difficile-associated Diarrhea
    • Infective Endocarditis
    • Septicemia
    • Skin and skin structure infections
    • Bone Infections
    • Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
    • Preoperative Antimicrobial Prophylaxis (Off-label)
    • Surgical Prophylaxis (Off-label)
    Administration
    • Solutions :
    D5W/0.9% NaCl, D5W, D10W, LR & 0.9% NaCl,

    • IV Preparation :
    Add 10 mL of SWI to 500-mg vial and 20 mL of SWI to 1-g vial to yield
    50 mg/mL solution; further dilution is required, depending on
    method of administration .

    • Intermittent infusion:
    Dilute 500 mg with ≥100 mL of diluent and 1 g with ≥200 mL of
    diluent (NS or D5W) Over 60 min .
    Dose
    • Adult :
    • Loading dose : 20 to 35 mg/kg (based on actual body weight, rounded to
    the nearest 250 mg increment; not to exceed 3000 mg)
    • Initial maintenance dose and interval : Typically 15 to 20 mg/kg
    every 8 to 12 hours
    • Pediatric :
    • Initial dose : Typically 15 mg/kg per dose IV every 6 to 8 hours
    (every-6-hour interval for serious infections) &maximum daily
    dose: 4 g/day .
    • Renal impairment :
    • Mild-to-severe: Initial dose should be no less than 15 mg/kg
    • Functionally anephric patients: Initial dose of 15 mg/kg of body
    weight to achieve prompt therapeutic serum concentration; start
    at 1.9 mg/kg/24 hr after the initial dose of 15 mg/kg
    Adverse Effects (IV)
    • Hypersensitivity reactions (eg, anaphylaxis, “red man syndrome”) .
    • Severe dermatologic reactions such as toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), Stevens-
    Johnson syndrome (SJS) .
    • Acute kidney injury and interstitial nephritis
    • Tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo
    • Agranulocytosis, neutropenia, pancytopenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
    eosinophilia .
    • Pseudomembranous colitis
    • Cardiac arrest, chest pain
    • General discomfort, fever, chills & phlebitis .
    • Muscle pain
    • Dizziness
    • Wheezing, dyspnea
    • Hypotension, shock, vasculitis
    Drug interactions
    • Contraindicated :
    BCG vaccine live
    Typhoid vaccine live
    • Serious – Use alternative :
    Bacitracin
    Cholera vaccine
    • Monitor Closely :
    Amikacin
    Amphotericin B deoxycholate
    Conjugated estrogens
    Cyclosporine
    Deferasirox
    Digoxin
    Methotrexate
    Piperacillin
    Warnings
    • Contraindicated during pregnancy because lead to ototoxic &
    nephrotoxic on infants .
    • Contraindicated to Hypersensitivity Patients.
    • Rapid IV administration may result in flushing, pruritus, hypotension,
    erythema, and urticaria .
    • Risk of AKI increases as systemic exposure increases; additional risk
    factors for AKI include concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs, patients
    with pre-existing renal impairment, or with comorbidities that
    predispose to renal impairment So should Use caution in patients
    with renal impairment .
    • Prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection .

    You might also like