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Business Ethics Chapter Four

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CHAPTER FOUR

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES IN BUSINESS


Ethics
• Ethics is the study of moral
standards, the process of
examining the moral standards of
a person or society to determine
whether these standards are
reasonable or unreasonable in
order to apply them to concrete
situations and issues.
Concept of Ethical Conduct
• Having known the meaning and
importance of business ethics, we
can see that wanting to be an
ethical corporate citizen is not
enough; individuals in business
must actively practice ethical
conduct.
Cont…
• In business, besides obeying
laws and regulations, a good
and ethical conduct involves
the followings.
Competing fairly and honestly:
• businesses are expected to
compete fairly and honestly and
not knowingly deceive, intimidate,
or misrepresent customers,
competitors, clients, or
employees.
Communicating truthfully:
• Ethical conduct requires that
companies refrain from issuing
false or misleading
communications.
• Businesses should recognise that
their communications reflect their
image and therefore refrain from
untruthful, offensive and
misleading communications.
Not causing harm to others:

• Some business executives put


their own personal interests
ahead of that of employees
and shareholders thereby
causing harm to them.
Cont…
• Corporate managers can mislead
investors by withholding vital
information; they sometimes take
advantage of the investor by using
the company’s earnings or
resources for personal gain.
Code of Conduct
• A code of conduct is a written
statement, setting forth the
principles that guide an
organisation’s decision.
• An effective code of conduct
requires the following.
Cont…
• Top management commitment
• Employee communications efforts
• Employee commitment to follow it.
• Formal training programmes
• A system that supports reporting
unethical or illegal actions at work
• A system of action.
Applying Ethics to Corporate Organisations

• The statement that corporate


organisations can be ethical or
unethical raises a puzzling
issue.
Globalisation, Multinational and
Business Ethics
• Many of the most pressing
issues in business ethics
today are related to the
phenomenon of globalization.
Cont…
• Globalization is the worldwide
process by which the economic
and social systems of nations have
become connected together so that
goods, services, capital, knowledge
and cultural artifacts are traded
and moved across national
borders, at an increasing rate.
Business Ethics and Cultural Differences

• When faced with the fact that


different cultures have different
moral standards, the managers of
some multinationals have adopted
the theory of ethical relativism.
Cont…
• Ethical relativism is the theory that,
because different societies have
different ethical beliefs, there is no
rational way of determining whether
an action is morally right or wrong
other than by asking whether the
people of this or that society believe
it is morally right or wrong.
Business Ethics and Technology
• Technology consists of all
those methods, processes, and
tools that humans invent to
manipulate their environment.
Cont…
• To an extent never before realised
in history, contemporary business
is being continuously and
radically transformed by the rapid
evolution of new technologies that
raise new ethical issues for
business.

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