Ethical Issues in Functional Areas
Ethical Issues in Functional Areas
Ethical Issues in Functional Areas
Ethics in
MARKETING
MARKETING
Marketing is the process of communicating the value of a
product to customers, for the purpose of selling that
product (goods or services)
ETHICS IN MARKETING
Marketing ethics addresses principles and standards that
define acceptable conduct in the market place.
Unethical activities usually develop from the pressure to
meet performance objectives.
Marketing which goes beyond the mere provision of
information about (and access to) a product may seek to
manipulate our values and behavior.
Some obvious ethical issues in marketing involves clear
cut attempts to deceive or take advantage of a situation
SOME UNFAIR MARKETING PRACTICES
HUMAN RESOURCE
ETHICS IN HRM
• The ethics of human resource management
(HRM) covers those ethical issues arising
around the employer-employee relationship,
such as the rights and duties owed between
employer and employee
HR Activities
• HR Planning and Analysis
• Equal Employment Opportunity
• Staffing
• HR Development
• Compensation and Benefits
• Health, Safety, and Security
• Employee and Labor/Management
Relations
How HR Spends Its Time
What Organizations expect from Employees
Commitment
Intelligent & hard work
Discipline
Loyalty
Maintaining confidentiality
Value addition
What Employees expect from organizations
PRODUCTION
• This area of business ethics deals with the
duties of a company to ensure that products
and production processes do not cause harm.
ETHICAL ISSUES IN PRODUCTION
• Defective, addictive and inherently dangerous products and
services (e.g. tobacco, alcohol, weapons, motor vehicles,
chemical manufacturing)
• Ethical relations between the company and the environment:
pollution, environmental ethics, carbon emissions trading
• Ethical problems arising out of new technologies: genetically
modified food, mobile phone radiation and health.
• Product testing ethics: animal rights and animal testing, use of
economically disadvantaged groups (such as students) as test
objects.
• Medical products – duty to test adequately, side effects, safety
instructions, risk factors in financial products.
• Substitutes for published ingredients
Ethics in
IT/SYSTEMS
Ethics and IT
• Developments that took place in the last 50 years in
the field of science is more than the entire period
before.
• Transition from man – tool – machine – automation –
chip – a progression that has made the human race
less and less human.
• As a result of technological growth, materialism took
precedence over ethical considerations and meeting
the end through any means became standards of
society.
IT & SOCIETY
• The use of information technology in
business has major impact on society, thus
raises serious ethical considerations in the
areas such as privacy,crime,health,working-
condition, inividuality,employment.
UNETHICAL PRACTISES
• CRIME IN THE COMPUTER
• MONEY THEFT
• SERVICE THEFT - (bypassing) a utility meter so that the
true level of consumption is understated
• DATA THEFT
• MALICIOUS ACCESS
• COMPUTER VIRUS
• HEALTH ISSUES
• CYBER ETHICS.
• SOFTWARE OWNERSHIP.
• CENSORSHIP.
Ethics in
FINANCE
ETHICS IN ACCOUNTANCY
Accounting is -
The process by which any business keeps track
of its Financial activities by recordings its Debits
and Credits and balancing its accounts….
Accounting by its nature, is a system of
Principles applied to present the Financial
position of a business and the results of its
operations and cash flows..
ETHICAL ISSUES SURROUNDING
ACCOUNTING PRACTICES:
o Underreporting income
o Falsifying Documents
o Illegally evading income taxes
o Or otherwise engaging in Frauds
o Creative Accounting
o Forced M&A