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    Preparing Solutions and Reagents I: Lseidman@matcmadison - Edu

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    Sachin Parik
    The document discusses various topics relating to preparing solutions and reagents, including definitions of key terms like solute and solvent. It explains different ways to express the concentration of a solute, such as weight/volume, molarity, percents, parts per million. The mole is introduced as a way to quantify amounts of chemicals. Examples are provided for calculating amounts needed using concentration and for diluting a concentrated stock solution to a desired concentration.

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    Preparing Solutions and Reagents I: Lseidman@matcmadison - Edu

    Uploaded by

    Sachin Parik
    16 views19 pages
    The document discusses various topics relating to preparing solutions and reagents, including definitions of key terms like solute and solvent. It explains different ways to express the concentration of a solute, such as weight/volume, molarity, percents, parts per million. The mole is introduced as a way to quantify amounts of chemicals. Examples are provided for calculating amounts needed using concentration and for diluting a concentrated stock solution to a desired concentration.

    Original Title

    Solutions 1

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    The document discusses various topics relating to preparing solutions and reagents, including definitions of key terms like solute and solvent. It explains different ways to express the concentration of a solute, such as weight/volume, molarity, percents, parts per million. The mole is introduced as a way to quantify amounts of chemicals. Examples are provided for calculating amounts needed using concentration and for diluting a concentrated stock solution to a desired concentration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    16 views19 pages

    Preparing Solutions and Reagents I: Lseidman@matcmadison - Edu

    Uploaded by

    Sachin Parik
    The document discusses various topics relating to preparing solutions and reagents, including definitions of key terms like solute and solvent. It explains different ways to express the concentration of a solute, such as weight/volume, molarity, percents, parts per million. The mole is introduced as a way to quantify amounts of chemicals. Examples are provided for calculating amounts needed using concentration and for diluting a concentrated stock solution to a desired concentration.

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    You are on page 1of 19

    PREPARING

    SOLUTIONS AND
    REAGENTS I

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
     Let’s consider what you know
    about solutions
     What is a solution?
     What is concentration?
     How is concentration expressed?
     What is a solute?
     What sorts of things are solutes?

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
    INTERPRETING
    RECIPES

    DEFINITIONS:
     SOLUTES -- substances that are
    dissolved

     SOLVENTS -- substance in
    which solutes are
    dissolved (usually water)

     AMOUNT -- how much

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
    CONCENTRATION
    versus AMOUNT

     CONCENTRATION -- amount /
    volume

     Fraction where:
     Numerator, the amount of solute
     Denominator, usually volume of
    entire solution
     solvent + solute(s)

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
    Each star represents 1 mg of NaCl.
    What is the total amount of NaCl in the tube? _____
    What is the concentration of NaCl in the tube (in
    mg/mL)? _____
     
     
     
     
     
     

    5 mL

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
    5 mL

    Each star represents 1 mg of NaCl.


    What is the total amount of NaCl in the tube?
    4 mg

    What is the concentration of NaCl in the tube (in


    mg/mL)?
     
    4 mg = ?_
    5 mL 1 mL

    ? = 0.8 mg, so the concentration is 0.8 mg/mL


    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
    WAYS TO EXPRESS
    CONCENTRATION OF
    SOLUTE
     Source of confusion: more
    than one way to express
    concentration of solute in a
    solution:

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
    CONCENTRATION
    EXPRESSIONS

    1. WEIGHT PER VOLUME

    2. MOLARITY

    3. PERCENTS
    a. Weight per Volume %
    (w/v %)
    b. Volume per Volume %
    (v/v %)
    c. Weight per Weight %
    (w/w %)

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
    MORE CONCENTATION
    EXPRESSIONS

    4. PARTS
    Amounts of solutes as "parts"

    a. Parts per Million (ppm)


    b. Parts per Billion (ppb)
    c. Might see ppt
    d. Percents are same category
    (pph %)

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
    STILL MORE
    CONCENTRATION
    EXPRESSIONS
    TYPES NOT COMMON IN
    BIOLOGY MANUALS:

    5. MOLALITY

    6. NORMALITY
     for NaOH and HCl, molarity = normality,
    however, this is not always true for all
    solutes

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
    WEIGHT / VOLUME

     Means a fraction with:

    weight of solute in numerator


    total volume in denominator

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
    EXAMPLE:

     2 mg/mL proteinase K

     2 mg of proteinase K in each mL of
    solution.

     How much proteinase K is


    required to make 50 mL of
    solution at a concentration of 2
    mg/mL?

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
    MOLARITY

     Molarity is: number of moles of


    a solute that are dissolved per
    liter of total solution.

     A 1 M solution contains 1 mole


    of solute per liter total volume.

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
    MOLE

     How much is a mole?

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
    EXAMPLE: SULFURIC
    ACID

    For a particular compound, add the


    atomic weights of the atoms that
    compose the compound.

    H2SO4:

    2 hydrogen atoms 2 X 1.00 g = 2.00 g


    1 sulfur atom 1 X 32.06 g = 32.06 g
    4 oxygen atoms 4 X 16.00 g = 64.00 g
    98.06 g

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
    EXAMPLE CONTINUED

     A 1M solution of sulfuric acid


    contains 98.06 g of sulfuric acid
    in 1 liter of total solution.

     "mole" is an expression of
    amount

     "molarity" is an expression of
    concentration.

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
    PREPARING DILUTE
    SOLUTIONS FROM
    CONCENTRATED ONES
     Concentrated solution = stock
    solution
     Use this equation to decide how
    much stock solution you will
    need: C1V1=C2V2
    C1 = concentration of stock solution
    C2 = concentration you want your
    dilute solution to be
    V1 = how much stock solution you
    will need
    V2 = how much of the dilute solution
    you want to make

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
     Repeat until the pH is correct,
    but don’t overshoot.

     Bring the solution to volume and


    recheck the pH.

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu
     Thank You

    lseidman@matcmadison.edu

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