This document covers several advanced database topics including distributed databases, object-oriented databases, XML databases, and information retrieval. For distributed databases, it discusses architecture, data storage, transaction processing, data fragmentation, replication, and query processing. For object-oriented databases, it describes object database concepts, the ODMG object model, ODL, and OQL. For XML databases, it discusses the XML data model, structure, DTDs, and querying with XQuery. Finally, for information retrieval it defines the concept, common models like Boolean, vector space, and probabilistic, and types of queries.
This document covers several advanced database topics including distributed databases, object-oriented databases, XML databases, and information retrieval. For distributed databases, it discusses architecture, data storage, transaction processing, data fragmentation, replication, and query processing. For object-oriented databases, it describes object database concepts, the ODMG object model, ODL, and OQL. For XML databases, it discusses the XML data model, structure, DTDs, and querying with XQuery. Finally, for information retrieval it defines the concept, common models like Boolean, vector space, and probabilistic, and types of queries.
This document covers several advanced database topics including distributed databases, object-oriented databases, XML databases, and information retrieval. For distributed databases, it discusses architecture, data storage, transaction processing, data fragmentation, replication, and query processing. For object-oriented databases, it describes object database concepts, the ODMG object model, ODL, and OQL. For XML databases, it discusses the XML data model, structure, DTDs, and querying with XQuery. Finally, for information retrieval it defines the concept, common models like Boolean, vector space, and probabilistic, and types of queries.
This document covers several advanced database topics including distributed databases, object-oriented databases, XML databases, and information retrieval. For distributed databases, it discusses architecture, data storage, transaction processing, data fragmentation, replication, and query processing. For object-oriented databases, it describes object database concepts, the ODMG object model, ODL, and OQL. For XML databases, it discusses the XML data model, structure, DTDs, and querying with XQuery. Finally, for information retrieval it defines the concept, common models like Boolean, vector space, and probabilistic, and types of queries.
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UNIT - V
ADVANCED TOPICS Distributed Databases: Architecture, Data Storage, Transaction Processing – Object-based Databases: Object Database Concepts, Object- Relational features, ODMG Object Model, ODL, OQL - XML Databases: XML Hierarchical Model, DTD, XML Schema, XQuery – Information Retrieval: IR Concepts, Retrieval Models, Queries in IR systems. Distributed Databases Distributed Databases DATA FRAGMENTATION & REPLICATION DATA FRAGMENTATION & REPLICATION DATA FRAGMENTATION & REPLICATION DATA FRAGMENTATION & REPLICATION TYPES OF DDBMS TYPES OF DDBMS TYPES OF DDBMS TYPES OF DDBMS QUERY PROCESSING IN DDB QUERY PROCESSING IN DDB QUERY PROCESSING IN DDB CONCURRENCY CONTROL IN DDBMS CONCURRENCY CONTROL IN DDBMS OBJECT ORIENTED DATABASE Objects Object Structure Object-Oriented Concepts What is Object Oriented Database? (OODB) Advantages of OODBS Object Query Language (OQL) Example of OQL query Result of the query (SQL) Comparison User defined Data Types ODMG Model ODMG Model • The ODMG object model is the data model upon which the object definition language (ODL) and object query language (OQL) are based. • It is meant to provide a standard data model for object databases, just as SQL describes a standard data model for relational databases. ODMG COMPONENTS ODL & OQL XML XML TAGS Structure of XML Data XML Database • XML Database is used to store huge amount of information in the XML format. • As the use of XML is increasing in every field, it is required to have a secured place to store the XML documents. • The data stored in the database can be queried using XQuery XML DTD • The XML Document Type Declaration, commonly known as DTD, is a way to describe XML language precisely. • DTDs check vocabulary and validity of the structure of XML documents against grammatical rules of appropriate XML language. • Basic syntax of a DTD is as follows −
• The DTD starts with <!DOCTYPE delimiter.
• An element tells the parser to parse the document from the specified root element. • DTD identifier is an identifier for the document type definition, which may be the path to a file on the system or URL to a file on the internet. If the DTD is pointing to external path, it is called External Subset. • The square brackets [ ] enclose an optional list of entity declarations called Internal Subset. XPATH XPATH XPATH XPATH EXPRESSION XQUERY FLOWR EXPRESSION Example: retrieve the name of instructors who have a salary that is higher than 30000 INFORMATION RETRIEVAL What is Information Retrieval ? • Information retrieval (IR) is the activity of obtaining information resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources. (OR) • The process of actively seeking out information relevant to a topic of interest. (OR) • Information Retrieval is finding material of an unstructured nature that satisfies an information need from within large collections. • Examples : Library references and search IR is concerned with the collection, representation, storage, Organization, accessing, manipulation and display of the information items necessary to satisfying those needs. • Structure data – Clear and – semantically ordered • Unstructured data – data that does not have clear and semantically order • Examples – Product inventories – Personal records
• There are 3 scale point of search
– Web search – Personal information retrieval – Domain –specific search Web search, Personal information retrieval and Domain –specific search Information Retrieval Models Common Preprocessing Steps Boolean Model Boolean Models - Problems Statistical Models Statistical Models Vector Space Model Vector Space Model –Issue Probabilistic Model Queries in IR 1. Keyword Queries 2. Boolean Queries 3. Phrase Queries 4. Proximity Queries 5. Wildcard Queries 6. Natural Language Queries THANK YOU
