Pneumatic Vise

DESIGN AND
FABRICATION OF
PNEUMATIC VISE
BY
SARAVANAN J (112419114024) YUVARAJ M (112419114026)
VENKATESH I (112419114025) DEVA SUNDAR P (112419114006)
ABSTRACT
Pneumatic systems are safer than electromotive systems because they can work in inflammable
environment without causing fire or explosion.
Apart from that, overloading in pneumatic system will only lead to sliding or cessation of operation.
Unlike electromotive components, pneumatic components do not burn or get overheated when
overloaded.
The operation of pneumatic systems does not produce pollutants. The air released is also processed
in special ways.
Therefore, pneumatic systems can work in environments that demand high level of cleanliness. One
example is the production lines of integrated circuits.
EXISTING SYSTEM
To design and develop a model prototype of pneumatic power vice.
To fabricate the model of same.
To test the model under different conditions of load, and pressure of compressed air.
To design a system which will be able to clamping and unclamping the job using compressed
air.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
Supply elements: These elements are the sources of power that drives the system which are the
compressors
Input elements: These elements are used to send signals to the final control elements and come in two
forms; either as components that is actuated by the operator like push buttons or sensors that determine
the status of the power elements such as limit switches and proximity sensors.
Processing elements: These elements may perform operations on the input signals before sending the
signal to the final control elements such as non-return valves, directional control valves and presser
control valves.
Final control elements: To control the motion of actuators such as directional control valves.
Power elements (actuators): These are the outputs of the pneumatic system which use the stored
potential energy to perform a certain task such as pneumatic cylinders and motors.
MODEL OF PNEUMATIC VISE
3-D Solid model of pneumatic vice

Top View Of Pneumatic Vice
PNEUMATIC SYSTEM & COMPONENTS
The methodology behind this project is using the double acting cylinder with compressed air to optimize
the work of holding the job rigidly and operation has easy accesses to clamping and unclamping the job. The
reciprocating motion of the piston is converted into the pressure energy.
Pneumatic System & Components Pneumatic components can be divided into two categories:
 Components that produce and transport compressed air.
 Components that consume compressed air.
All main pneumatic components can be represented by simple pneumatic symbols. Each symbol shows
only the function of the component it represents, but not its structure. Pneumatic symbols can be combined
to form pneumatic diagrams.
A pneumatic diagram describes the relations between each pneumatic component, that is, the design of
the system.
INITIATING COMPONENT
A) Compressor
A compressor can compress air to the required pressures. It can convert the mechanical energy from
motors and engines into the potential energy in compressed.
A single central compressor can supply various pneumatic components with compressed air, which is
transported through pipes from the cylinder to the pneumatic components.
Compressors can be divided into two classes: reciprocator and rotary.
Pneumatic symbol of Compressor

B) Pressure regulating component
Pressure regulating components are formed by various components, each of which has its own pneumatic
symbol:
(i) Filter – can remove impurities from compressed air before it is fed to the pneumatic components.
(ii) Pressure regulator – to stabilize the pressure and regulate the operation of pneumatic components
(iii) Lubricator – To provide lubrication for pneumatic components.
Pneumatic symbols of the pneumatic components within a

pressure regulating component
EXECUTION COMPONENT
Pneumatic execution components provide rectilinear or rotary movement. Examples of
pneumatic execution components include cylinder pistons, pneumatic motors, etc.
Rectilinear motion is produced by cylinder pistons, while pneumatic motors provide continuous
rotations.
There are many kinds of cylinders
single acting cylinders
double acting cylinders.
(A) Double acting cylinder
 In a double acting cylinder, air pressure is applied alternately to the relative surface of the
piston, producing a propelling force and a retracting force.
As the effective area of the piston is small, the thrust produced during retraction is relatively
weak. The impeccable tubes of double acting cylinders are usually made of steel.
 The working surfaces are also polished and coated with chromium to reduce friction.
Pneumatic symbol of Double acting cylinder acting cylinder

(B) Directional control valve
Directional control valves ensure the flow of air between air ports by opening, closing and switching
their internal connections.
Their classification is determined by the number of ports, the number of switching positions, the
normal position of the valve and its method of operation.
Common types of directional control valves include 2/2, 3/2, 5/2, etc. The first number represents the
number of ports; the second number represents the number of positions.
A directional control valve that has two ports and five positions can be represented by the drawing in,
as well as its own unique pneumatic symbol.
Describing a 5/2 directional control valve

WORKING
The apparatus is fixed is shown in the fig. Make sure that the all the joints are air leak proof
start the compressor for the running condition after the pressure reached between the 2 & 3
kgf/cm2 release the compressor valve slowly to maximum position.
After that release the regulating valve of the pneumatic cylinder the high pressured
compressed air will enters into the cylinder moving the piston to lock the work piece.
When the machining operation is completed the hose pipe is removed and the valves are
opened to the atmosphere then the work piece will be removed.
Pneumatic Vice
SAFETY MEASURES WHEN USING
PNEUMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
Compressed air can cause serious damage to the human body if they enter the body through
ducts like the oral cavity or ears.
Never spray compressed air onto anyone.
Under high temperature, compressed air can pass through human skin.
Compressed air released from the exhaust contains particles and oil droplets, which can cause
damage to eyes.
ADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATIC
VICE
Quick Operation.
Stable and rigid design.
Extremely high clamping force.
High accuracy and repeatability.
Reduces production costs.
Design is compact and very simple to operate requiring almost no maintenance.
DISADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATIC
VICE
Uneven moving speed - As air can easily be compressed, the moving speeds of the pistons are
relatively uneven.
Noise - Noise will be produced when compressed air is released from the pneumatic
components.
Low loading - As the cylinders of pneumatic components are not very large, a pneumatic
system cannot drive loads that are too heavy.
CONCLUSIONS
The project thus gives a system that can easily fixed the work piece & work on it.
The pneumatic vice provide extremely high clamping force & high accuracy and repeatability.
Pneumatic system can get high production rate.
When compressed air is released from the pneumatic components then noise can produced.
The operation of pneumatic systems does not produce pollutants.
So, the pneumatic vice can be use easily.

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DESIGN AND

3-D Solid model of pneumatic vice

Pneumatic symbol of Compressor

Pneumatic symbols of the pneumatic components within a

Pneumatic symbol of Double acting cylinder acting cylinder

Describing a 5/2 directional control valve

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