Design and Analysis of Piston Using Catia and Ansys (Software)

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF
PISTON USING
CATIA AND ANSYS(SOFTWARE)
K.RAHUL (15B81A03C4)
B.SAIKISHORE REDDY (15B81A03E2)
V.SAMPATH (15B81A03G5)
Introduction to catia
Computer- Aided Three-Dimensional Interactive

Application(CATIA).
Developed by DESSAULT SYSTEMS, France.
 CATIA V5 is most widely used in companies, which
allows flexibility of using feature based and parametric
design.
It was started in 1977 by French aircraft manufacturer.
Applications of CATIA
INTRODUCTION of piston
A piston is a component of reciprocating engine ,

reciprocating pumps, gas compressors and pneumatic
cylinders among other similar mechanisms. It is the moving
component that is contained by a cylinder and is made gas-
tight by piston rings. In an engine, its purpose is to transfer
force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crank shaft via
a piston rod and or connecting rod. In a pump, the function is
reversed and force is transferred from the crankshaft to the
piston for the purpose of compressing or ejecting the fluid in
the cylinder. In some engines, the piston also acts as a value
by covering and uncovering ports in the cylinder.
Fuctions of piston
 To receive the thrust force generated by the chemical
reaction of fuel in the cylinder and transmits to
connecting rod.
 To reciprocate in the cylinder provide seal in suction,
compression, expansion and exhaust stroke.
Piston rings
A piston ring is an expandable split ring used to provide a
seal between the piston and cylinder wall.
Piston rings commonly used include the compression ring,

wiper ring and oil ring.
Compression ring and oil ring seal the combustion

chamber any leakage during the combustion process.
The oil ring is used to distribute and regulate oil within the
cylinder wall and help scrape it back into the crankcase.
COMPONENTS OF PISTON
CYCLES OF PISTON
Intake
Compression
Ignition
Power
Exhaust
MATERIAL USED FOR MANUFACTURING
Piston material and design contribute to the overall durability and

performance of an engine.
Most pistons are made from cast-aluminum alloy.
It is light weight and has good structural integrity and low
manufacturing costs.
The light weight of aluminum reduces the overall mass and force
necessary to initiate and maintain acceleration of the piston.
Piston rings are generally manufactured from cast iron or stainless steel.
Piston manufacturing process
Pistons are usually manufactured by means of
1) CASTING: object made by pouring molten metal

into mould cavity.
2) FORGING: here metal is heated and then a force is
applied and bent into required shape.
Modelling Dimensions of piston
Design Considerations for a Piston
 In designing a piston for an engine, the following points should
be taken into consideration:
 It should have enormous strength to withstand the high
pressure.
 It should have minimum weight to withstand the inertia forces.
It should form effective oil sealing in the cylinder. It should
provide sufficient bearing area to prevent undue wear.
It should have high speed reciprocation without noise. It should
be of sufficient rigid construction to withstand thermal and
mechanical distortions.
 It should have sufficient support for the piston pin.
Design procedure for piston
The procedure for piston designs consists of the

following steps:
Thickness of piston head (tH)
 Heat flows through the piston head (H)
 Radial thickness of the ring (t1)
 Axial thickness of the ring (t2)
 Width of the top land (b1)
 Width of other ring lands (b2)
Modeling of piston on catiav5
Sketch of piston by optimisation
Mesh generation
Deformation due to stresses
Boundary conditions
von-mises stress
Stresses due to applied load
Conclusion

The following conclusion can be drawn from analysis conducted in
this study:
It was found that the design parameter of the piston with
modification gives the sufficient improvement in the existing results.
It was found that the maximum stress is 207 MPa which is less than
the maximum tensile stress (650 MPa) and yield strength (480 MPa)
of the material.
The maximum thermal stress is found to be 96.014 MPa at a
maximum temperature of 360 0C.
The minimum factor of safety is 1.379 which is greater than unity so
our design of piston is safe under the applied loading conditions.


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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF

B.SAIKISHORE REDDY (15B81A03E2)

Computer- Aided Three-Dimensional Interactive

A piston is a component of reciprocating engine ,

Piston rings commonly used include the compression ring,

Compression ring and oil ring seal the combustion

Piston material and design contribute to the overall durability and

Most pistons are made from cast-aluminum alloy.

Pistons are usually manufactured by means of

1) CASTING: object made by pouring molten metal

The procedure for piston designs consists of the

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