Shearing Tools

SHEARING TOOLS
INTRODUCTION:
• Shearing, also known as die cutting is a process which cuts stock without
the formation of chips or the use of burning or melting.
• Cutting operations involve the separation of the metal of the sheet in
certain areas. This separation is caused by shearing forces acting on the
metal through the edges of the punch and die.
• Press working may be defined, as a manufacturing process by which
various components are made from sheet metal. The machine used for
press working is called a press.
SHEARING OPERATIONS:
• Punching • Slitting
• Blanking • Lancing
• Cutting Off • Trimming
• Shaving
• Parting
• Notching
PUNCHING
• Punching is a shearing
process. It is the operation of
producing a circular hole in a
sheet metal using a punch and
die.
BLANKING
A metalworking process which
form the rough shape of a sheet
metal work pieces.
CUTTING OFF
• It is a shearing operation in which
blanks are separated from a sheet
metal strip by cutting the opposite
side of the part in sequence. With
each cut, new part is produced.
PARTING
• Parting involve cutting a sheet metal
strip by a punch with two cutting edges
that match the opposite sides of the
blank.
NOTCHING
• It is the operation of cutting small
notches at the edge of the sheet
metal. A notching die and punch
are used.
SLITTING
• It is a shearing operation using a
circular blades.
• This blades follow straight line,
circular path or curved, path
depending upon the requirement.
LANCING
• It is creating a partial cut in the
sheet, so that no material is
removed. The material is left
attached to be bent and formed
shape, such as tab, vent, or louver.
TRIMMING
• It is a cutting operation
performed on formed part to
remove excess metal and
established size.
SHAVING
• It is removing of thin strip of metal
along edges to obtain smooth and
straight edges of accurate
dimensions.
SHEARING TOOLS
INCLUDES:
• Bench shear
• Guillotine
• Power shears
• Throatless shear
BENCH SHEAR
• A bench shear, also known as a lever shear, is a bench mounted shear with a compound
mechanism to increase the mechanical advantage. It is usually used for cutting rough
shapes out of medium-sized pieces of sheet metal, but cannot do delicate work.
• For the small shear, it mostly designed for a wide field of applications. Light weight and
easy efficient operation, yet very sturdy in construction. The cutting blades fitted are
carefully and accurately ground to give easy, clean quick cuts, and free of burrs. These
special features help the operators save a great deal of their energy.
• But some shearing machines can cut sheet bar and flat bar up to 10mm. It is electrically
welded together to make it a sturdy stable unit capable to withstand highest stresses due
to heavy duty usage. The footplates are reinforced with bracing angles so that they give
firm stability to the shear. The machine is provided with section knives with sliding
blades which can be adjusted by hand to make 90 cuts on angles and T-sections of
different sizes as well as with openings for cutting round and square bars
BENCH SHEAR
GUILLOTINE
• The machine used is called a squaring shear, power shear, or guillotine. The machine may
be foot powered, less commonly hand powered, or mechanically or hydraulically powered.
It works by first clamping the material with a ram. A moving blade then comes down across
a fixed blade to shear the material. For larger shears the moving blade may be set on an
angle or "rocked" in order to shear the material progressively from one side to the other; this
angle is referred to as the shear angle. Setting the blade on an angle decreases the amount of
force required, but increases the stroke. A 5 degree shear angle decreases the force by about
20%. The amount of energy used is still the same. The moving blade may also be inclined
0.5 to 2.5°, called the rake angle, to keep the material from becoming wedged between the
blades. However, raking the blade compromises the squareness of the edge.
• The machine consists of a shear table, work-holding device, upper and lower blades, and a
gauging device. The shear table is the part of the machinery that the workpiece rests on
while being sheared. The work-holding device is used to hold the workpiece in place and
keep it from moving or buckling while under stress. The upper and lower blades are the
piece of machinery that actually do the cutting, while the gauging device is used to ensure
that the workpiece is being cut where it is supposed to be.
GUILLOTINE
• The design of press tools is an
engineering compromise. A
sharp edge, strength, and
durability are ideal, but a sharp
edge is not very strong or
durable, so blades for
metal work tend to be square-
edged rather than knife-edged.
Typical workpiece materials
include aluminum, brass,
bronze, and mild steel because
of their outstanding shearability
ratings. Stainless steel is not
sheared as often due to its
tendencies to work-harden.
POWER SHEARS
• A power shear is electrically or pneumatically powered hand tool
designed to blank large pieces of sheet metal. They are designed to
cut straight lines and relatively large radius curves. They are
advantageous over a bandsaw because there is not a size limit. Large
versions can cut sheet metal up to 12 gauge
• An alternative to the hand tools are hydraulically powered tools
attached to heavy machinery. They are usually used to cut materials
that are too bulky to be transported to a cutting facility, too big or
dangerous for the hand tools and are stored at remote locations (e.g.
mines, forests).
POWER SHEARS
THROATLESS SHEAR
• A throatless shear is a
cutting tool used to
make complex straight
and curved cuts in
sheet metal. The
throatless shear takes its
name from the fact that
the metal can be freely
moved around the
cutting blade (it does not
have a throat down
which metal must be
fed), allowing great
flexibility in shapes that
can be cut.
THE END!
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SHEARING TOOLS

• Cutting Off • Trimming

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